【考研类试卷】中国人民大学真题2006年及答案解析.doc

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1、中国人民大学真题 2006年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.When I heard that Mrs. Thacher resigned, I called her. I wanted her to know that my heart was _ her.（分数：0.50）A.forB.ofC.inD.with2.Gentleness has been considered a _ trait.（分数：0.50）A.boyishB.delicateC.feminineD.male3.We know

2、that this is true, but _ we recognize this truth only in our backward glance.（分数：0.50）A.all too oftenB.too oftenC.all too lateD.too late4.The retiring professor was _ by his colleague.（分数：0.50）A.criticizedB.exaltedC.driven outD.examined5.He is honest. His actions are always _ his words.（分数：0.50）A.co

3、ntradictory toB.contradicted byC.agreed withD.consistent with6.Life is never just _.（分数：0.50）A.livingB.beingC.existingD.going7.The lady _ her skirt by sitting on the seat while flying.（分数：0.50）A.disorderedB.disarrangedC.creasedD.crashed8.You must always be ready to sacrifice _ to duty.（分数：0.50）A.inc

4、linationB.tendencyC.interestD.career9.In many countries now, smoking is not _ in public places.（分数：0.50）A.permissiveB.permissibleC.permutableD.pernicious10.His pleasant ways _ me into thinking that he was my good friend.（分数：0.50）A.deprivedB.despisedC.divertedD.beguiled11._ animals must be kept in ca

5、ges in case they might hurt the tourists.（分数：0.50）A.LandB.DomesticC.ViciousD.Farm12.Almost overnight, Ames became a hero of environmentalists when his finding led to new and _ bans on certain chemicals.（分数：0.50）A.regulationsB.authoritiesC.ordersD.suggestions13.The _ noise whistles kept me awake all

6、night.（分数：0.50）A.incarnateB.incessantC.repetitiousD.rampant14.The baby seems content; he must have _ his new nursemaid.（分数：0.50）A.taken toB.taken afterC.taken fromD.taken in15.He had either to leave the country immediately or to surrender himself to the Nazi authorities, and had no other _.（分数：0.50）

7、A.alternativeB.hopeC.resourceD.approach16.A good sense of rhythm is one of his natural _ as a poet.（分数：0.50）A.endowmentsB.interestC.weaknessesD.accomplishments17.All his attempts to argue about the rightness were _.（分数：0.50）A.futileB.not importantC.effective in useD.without reason18.I am _ lowbrow,

8、admire the highbrow all the more for his patronizing type.（分数：0.50）A.conceitingB.humbleC.overweeningD.poor19.Lowbrows are quite _ for highbrows to have their symphonies and their Russian novels.（分数：0.50）A.contentB.containedC.capacityD.yearning20.As the speed of change brings design _ fashion, then d

9、ecisions about taste will have to be made more and more regularly.（分数：0.50）A.near toB.nearer toC.next toD.close to21.The dark clouds suggest a (n) _ storm.（分数：0.50）A.impendingB.surprisingC.fastD.unexpected22.To our grief, he became _ to the drug.（分数：0.50）A.addictedB.interestedC.amusedD.disturbed23.B

10、eing a foreigner, Cad did not _ to the joke.（分数：0.50）A.appreciateB.catch onC.laughD.like24.Talks on climate change resumed in the German city of Bonn on July 16 to _ global warming.（分数：0.50）A.foeus onB.combatC.settle downD.sum up25.His parents _ him to enlist when he was seventeen.（分数：0.50）A.permitt

11、edB.committedC.madeD.enabled26._ may think they are better than the facts would justify.（分数：0.50）A.OptimistsB.PessimistsC.CynieistsD.Humorists27.He quickly _ behind the building to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his direction.（分数：0.50）A.duckedB.evadedC.escapedD.dodged28.By isolating negati

12、ve words and phrases, you can _ the damage youre doing to yourself.（分数：0.50）A.point outB.pointC.pinpointD.get29.It did the _ service of freeing us from the dilemma.（分数：0.50）A.immenseB.muchC.lot ofD.innumerous30.Sports, and not learning, seem to _ in that school.（分数：0.50）A.appearB.occupyC.dominateD.l

13、ead31.The local people could hardly think of any good way to _ poverty they had endured.（分数：0.50）A.shake offB.ward offC.put offD.take off32.As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming _ The fatter the bird, the more effi

14、ciently it flies.（分数：0.50）A.interruptionB.descriptionC.qualificationD.contradiction33.His meeting with Picasso was an important _ in the artists life.（分数：0.50）A.lessonB.episodeC.sceneD.chapter34.Borders these days have little meaning for Singapore-based regional _ of electronics firms like Sanyo and

15、 Philips.（分数：0.50）A.executivesB.officialsC.governorsD.servants35.Unfortunately, the womans hat _ my view of the stage.（分数：0.50）A.blocked upB.obstructedC.preventedD.interfered36.Meantime, road construction is _ on the site of a proposed Tuman River Triangle.（分数：0.50）A.under wayB.in the wayC.of the wa

16、yD.by way37.Everyone knows that the firefly is a(n) _ insect.（分数：0.50）A.firingB.lightingC.aluminiferousD.glowing38.Preferential policies and ready cooperation do play a role in _ poverty.（分数：0.50）A.alleviatingB.activatingC.assaultingD.accustoming39.The fact that these regions are _ in natural resour

17、ces doesnt mean local people are well off.（分数：0.50）A.adorableB.accessibleC.abundantD.ambient40.In spite of a problem with the _ equipment, some very useful work was accomplished.（分数：0.50）A.imperfectB.temporaryC.emergencyD.reinstalled二、BPart Reading (总题数：6，分数：30.00)BPassage One/BThere is extraordinar

18、y exposure in the United States to the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven a average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood

19、alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. A third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers, demonstrate these levels

20、. Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BAC s of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes, the probability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood.There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which intoxication plays

21、 a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a countrys population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be penalized

22、by this approach.To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at intoxicated drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers cited for any traffic offense and elevated BAC can be the basis for arrest. The National Highway Traffic Sa

23、fety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased attests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this level there is little evidence that laws serve as deterrents to drinking while intoxicated. In Britain, motor vehicle fatalities fell 25 percent immediately following im

24、plementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. As the British increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the ensuing three years the fatality rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.Whether penalties for drivi

25、ng with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic beverages will deter the excessive drinker responsible tot most fatalities is unclear. In fact, the answer depends on the extent to which those with high BAC involved in crashes are capable of controlling their intake in response t

26、o economic or penal threat. Therapeutic programs which range from individual and group counseling and psychotherapy to chemotherapy constitute another approach, but they have not diminished the proportion of accidents in which alcohol was a factor. In the few controlled trials that have been reporte

27、d, there is little evidence that rehabilitation programs for those repeatedly arrested for drunken behavior have reduced either the recidivism or crash rates. Thus far, there is no firm evidence that Alcohol Safety Action Project supported programs, in which rehabilitation measures are requested by

28、tile court, have decreased recidivism or crash involvement for clients exposed to them, although knowledge and attitudes have improved. One thing is clear, however, unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic intoxication plays a role, many will continue

29、 to die.（分数：5.00）(1).The author is mainly concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.interpreting the results of surveys on traffic fatalitiesB.reviewing the effectiveness of attempts to curb drunk drivingC.suggesting reasons for the prevalence of drunk driving in the United StatesD.analyzing the causes of the lar

30、ge number of annual traffic fatalities(2).It can be inferred that the 1967 Road Safety Act in Britain _.（分数：1.00）A.required drivers convicted under the law to undergo rehabilitation therapyB.made it illegal to drive while intoxicatedC.increased the number of drunk driving arrestsD.placed a tax on th

31、e sale of alcoholic drinks(3).The author implies that a BAC of 0.1 percent _.（分数：1.00）A.is unreasonably high as a definition of intoxication for purposes of drivingB.penalizes the moderate drinker while allowing the heavy drinker to consume without limitC.is well below the BAC of must drivers who ar

32、e involved in fatal collisionsD.proves that a driver has consumed five ounces of 80 proof spirits over a short time(4).The author cites the British example in order to _.（分数：1.00）A.demonstrate the need to lower BAC levels in states that have laws against drunk drivingB.prove that stricter enforcemen

33、t of laws against intoxicated drivers would reduce traffic deathsC.prove that a slight increase in the number of arrests of intoxicated drivers will not deter drunk drivingD.suggest that taxation of alcohol consumption may be more effective than criminal laws(5).The authors tone of the end of the ar

34、ticle can best be described as _.（分数：1.00）A.ironicB.indifferentC.admonitoryD.indecisiveBPassage Two/BNo one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who,

35、with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. Not that it is solely, or chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. On the contrary, it is much or even more indispens

36、able to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature, which they are capable of. There have been, and may again be, great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where a

37、ny people has made a temporary approach to such a character, it has been because the dread of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended. Where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed; where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is consider

38、ed to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of people stirred up from its foundations and

39、the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.He who knows only his own side of the case knows little of that. His reasons may be good, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if he is equally unable to refute the

40、reasons on the opposite side; if he does not so much as know what they are, he has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for him would be suspension of judgment and unless he contents himself with that, he is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the wor

41、ld, the side to which he feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that he should hear the arguments of adversaries from his own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real c

42、ontact with his own mind. He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. He must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: he must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subje

43、ct has to encounter and dispose of else he will never really possess himself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated men are in this condition, even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may

44、be true, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from and considered what such persons may have to say, and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themsel

45、ves profess. They do not know those parts of it which explain and justify the remainder: the considerations which show that a fact which seemingly conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.（分数：5.00）(1).Accor

46、ding to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find _.（分数：1.00）A.acceptance of truthB.enthusiasmC.controversy over principlesD.a suspension of judgment(2).Which of the following statements is true, according to the author?（分数：1.00）A.Most educated people study both sid

47、es of a question.B.Heterodox speculation will lead to many errors in thinking.C.The vast majority of people who argue fluently are acquainted with only one side of an issue.D.It is wise to get both sides of a debatable issue from ones teachers.(3).As it is used in line 4 of the passage, the word “su

48、ffer“ most nearly means _.（分数：1.00）A.endureB.undergoC.permitD.support(4).It can be inferred from the passage that a person who knows only his own side of an issue is regarded by the author as _.（分数：1.00）A.uniformedB.opinionatedC.ignorantD.rational(5).Which of the following statements do you think th

49、e author would be most likely to agree with?（分数：1.00）A.A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.B.Periods of intellectual achievement are of heterodox speculation.C.In a period of mental slavery, no true intellectual thought is possible.D.Excessive controversy prevents clear thinking.BPassage Three/BLarge, multinatio