【考研类试卷】中医综合-方剂学(四)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-方剂学(四)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A narrowing of your work interests is implied in almost any transition from a study environment to managerial or professional work. In the humanities and social sciences you will at best reuse only a fraction of the material (

2、1) in three or four years study. In most career paths academic knowledge only (2) a background to much more applied decision-making. Even with a “ training “ form of degree, (3) a few of the procedures or methods (4) in your studies are likely to be continuously relevant in your work. Partly this (5

3、) the greater specialization of most work tasks compared (6) studying. Many graduates are not (7) with the variety involved in (8) from degree study in at least four or five subjects a year to very standardized job (9) . Academic work values (10) inventiveness, originality, and the cultivation of se

4、lf-realization and self-development. Emphasis is placed (11) generating new ideas and knowledge, assembling (12) information to make a “ rational “ decision, appreciating basic (13) and theories, and getting involved in fundamental controversies and debates. The humanistic values of higher (14) enco

5、urages the feeling of being (15) in a process with a self-developmental rhythm. (16) , even if your employers pursue enlightened personnel development (17) and invest heavily in “ human capital “ for example, by rotating graduate trainees to (18) their work experiencesyou are still likely to notice

6、and feel (19) about some major restrictions of your (20) and activities compared with a study environment.（分数：10.00）(1).A restricted B covered C spread D confirmed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A admits B equips C states D forms（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A hardly B scarcely C evenly D only（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A pra

7、cticed B described C encountered D analyzed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A reflects B affects C checks D reduces（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A with B against C upon D from（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A contest B content C contact D contract（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A transferring B transmitting C translating D transporting（分数：0.

8、50）A.B.C.D.(9).A peculiarities B means C satisfactions D demands（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A unique B single C individual D specific（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A by B on C across D through（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A adequate B definite C valuable D profitable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A beliefs B concepts C religions D

9、 faiths（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A position B principle C reputation D education（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A consisted B dealt C engaged D worked（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A By contrast B That is C Therefore D Meanwhile（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A laws B rules C policies D studies（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A improve B intr

10、oduce C vary D achieve（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A strange B ashamed C funny D sorry（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A hobbies B interests C subjects D concerns（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When a Shanghai ad consultant was recently asked to recom

11、mend young local designers to an international agency, he sent three candidates with years of work experience. But the company decided they werent good enough and had to import designers from the West. Its a common problem that Chinese vocational grads simply havent had good enough teaching. Most of

12、 the lecturers dont have any real work experience, so they cant teach useful things. When graduates do get hired, they basically have to be re-educated.Chinas rapid economic expansion has exposed many frailties in its education system, especially on the vocational side. The country cant produce enou

13、gh skilled workers. In part thats because it invests far more in academic than vocational programs. Funding has fallen significantly since the 1990s. Partly as a result, today only 38 percent or so of Chinas high-school-age students attend vocational schools, well below the official target of 50 per

14、cent. To address this deficit, last year Beijing pledged to spend almost $2 billion on 100 new vocational colleges and 1,000 high schools. And this year it started offering annual subsidies to vocational students.But Chinas training is too abstract, whats urgently required are technicians who can co

15、me up with a good idea and turn it into a marketable product. Parts of the country are already adapting; in Shenzhen, local institutes offer“ made to order“ training for particular businesses. And some vocational colleges have introduced practical research projects.But vocational education faces a d

16、eeper problem: its image. Chinas middle class is eager to forget its experience with physical labor, and few allow their children to become technical workers. Everyone thinks these are things that low-class people do. Thus China now produces record numbers of college grads-who struggle to find work

17、because they lack the skills for manufacturing, where demand is greatest. One fix would be to re-brand vocational subjects as“ professional,“ not“ manual,“ skills.At the other end of the spectrum are Chinas 100 million-plus rural migrant workers, many of whom have little schooling. They have never l

18、earned how to work with others, to live in the city, save money or choose the right job. Thus they find it hard to learn from their jobs or plan their careers. This results in extremely high labor turnover. Teaching and training“ life skills“ to complement vocational programs would help.Yet the urge

19、ncy of Chinas skilled-labor shortfall will force a rethink. For now, China is relying on cheap, low-skilled, labor-intensive production, but its not sustainable in the long term, We must raise our skills level, and its impossible for state-run colleges to do all the training. Indeed, with the demand

20、 for skilled workers growing all the time, China will need all the help it can get.（分数：10.00）(1).Why are Chinese vocational grads inferior to their Western counterparts?A Because China spends less on vocational education training.B Because they simply dont have enough work experience.C Because their

21、 lecturers are less qualified than the foreign ones.D Because their teachers dont want to teach any useful things.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, a lower rate of school-aged teenagers enter vocational schools in China mainly because _. A the vocational education lacks government financia

22、l support.B the public do not think much of the vocational workers.C few allow their children to become technical workers.D they fear that they can not find a job after graduation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the authors opinion, the best way to solve a more serious problem of Chinese vocational educatio

23、n is _.A to train students to turn their ideas into products.B to change peoples biased impression of its image.C to set up programs to train rural migrant workers.D to meditate on the deficits of vocational education.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).By mentioning the problems of Chinese vocational education, t

24、he author tends to _.A emphasize that Chinas vocational training is too abstractB inform that the image of vocational work is negativeC warn that the rural immigrant workers lack vocational trainingD suggest that the government investment on it is not enough（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors a

25、ttitude towards vocational education in China?A Paradoxical.B Inconsistent.C Apprehensive.D Critical.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Last year, one group of students in Taiwan did just that. They took chances-and ended up in jail. More than 20 students paid a cram school owner to help them

26、cheat on Taiwans entrance exam, according to police. The students received answers to test questions through cell phones and other electronic devices. Taiwan isnt the only place in Asia to see major cheating scandals. In both India and South Korea, college entrance exams have been stolen and sold to

27、 students.Academic cheating has risen dramatically over the last decade. Duke University conducted a survey of 50,000 university and 18,000 high school students in America. More than 70 percent of the students admitted cheating. Just 10 years earlier, only 56 percent said they had cheated. This tren

28、d extends far beyond the U. S., too. In Asia, where students face intense pressure to excel, the cheating problem is especially pronounced. In many Asian countries, a students performance is measured mostly by exam scores. And admission to a top school depends on acing standardized tests. This test-

29、driven culture makes cheating an easy way for students to get ahead in a super-competitive academic system.But the pressure to perform well on tests isnt the only thing turning students into cheaters. For one, new technology makes cheating easier than ever. Students now have more sophisticated optio

30、ns than just “cheat sheets“ hidden in pencil boxes. Todays tech-smart students use text-messaging to discreetly send each other test answers. They post questions from standardized tests on internet bulletin boards. Students in Asia, for example, have posted questions from the Test of English as a Fo

31、reign Language (TOEFL) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE).Deeper issues than technology and testing, however, may be leading to the rise in academic dishonesty. Both students and educators say that society offers too many negative role models. Businesspeople make millions and scientists eam intemati

32、onal acclaim by cheating and lying. The case of Korean scientist Hwang Woo Suk offers one powerful example. He faked the results of his stem cell research and became a national hero. From many sectors of society, the message to students is loud and clear: Cheating is an easy way to get ahead.Victori

33、a Lin, a high school teacher in Taichung, says educators must begin to stress integrity as well as achievement in academics. Thats what she tries to instill in her students. “I always tell my students, How much is your character worth? 100 points? 90 points?“ Jerry Chang, a student at Taiwans Orient

34、al Institute of Technology, also has words of advice for classmates he sees cheating. “When you cheat on exams, you only cheat yourself,“ he says, “because you wont know how much youve really learned./（分数：10.00）(1).The example mentioned in paragraph 1 means to _.A criticize the cram school for their

35、 poor education qualitiesB highlight the seriousness of cheating in TaiwanC show how prevalent the problem of cheating isD show sympathy for those who cheated（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does the word “acing“ most probably mean?A Extraordinarily good. B Hardly satisfactory.C Barely passing. D Middling.

36、（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In paragraph 3, the author focuses on the factor of _.A pressures related to tests B advanced technologiesC sophistication of students D standardized tests（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The example of Korean scientist Hwang Woo Suk is quoted to _.A shift to topic from students cheating to

37、 academic dishonestyB attribute the problem of cheating to the negative examples in our societyC compare businesspeople and scientists in cheating scandalsD blame technology as the most important reason for cheating（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the suggestion given in the last paragraph to tackle the

38、 problem of cheating?A The teaching of values should be given equal, if not higher, priority.B Teachers should avoid talking about students test scores too much.C Educators should have a reasonable expectation for students scores.D School should add integrity as part of the test scores.（分数：2.00）A.B.

39、C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The day was star-crossed: Friday the 13th in the month of October, on the eve of the second looming anniversary of a devastating market crash. “Im telling you, psychology is really funny. People get crazy in situations like that,“ said portfolio strategist Elaine Garzarel

40、li. Last week Friday the 13th lived up to its frightful reputation. After drifting lower at a sleepy pace for most of the day, the Dow Jones industrial average abruptly lurched into a hair-raising sky dive in the final hour of trading.The Bush Administration moved swiftly to avert any sense of crisi

41、s after the market closed. Declared Treasury Secretary Nicholas Brady: “Its important to recognize that todays stock market decline doesnt signal any fundamental change in the condition of the economy. The economy remains well balanced, and the outlook is for continued moderate growth.“ But Massachu

42、setts Democrat Edward Markey, who chairs a House subcommittee on telecommunications and finance, vowed to hold hearings this week on the stock market slide. Said he: “This is the second heart attack. My hope is that before we have the inevitable third heart attack, we pay attention to these problems

43、.“Experts found no shortage of culprits to blame for the latest shipwreck. A series of downbeat realizations converged on Friday, ranging from signs of a new burst of inflation to sagging corporate profits to troubles in the junk-bond market that has fueled major takeovers. The singular event that s

44、hook investors was the faltering of a $6.75 billion labor management buyout of UAL, the parent company of United Airlines, the second largest U. S. carrier.On one point most thoughtful Wall Streeters agreed: the market had reached such dizzying heights that a correction of some sort seemed almost in

45、evitable. Propelled by favorable economic news and a wave of multibillion-dollar takeovers, stocks had soared more than 1,000 points since the 1987 crash. But by last August some Wall streeters were clearly worried.The heaviest blow to the market came Friday afternoon. In a three-paragraph statement

46、, UAL said a labor-management group headed by Chairman Stephen Wolf had failed to get enough financing to acquire United. Several banks had apparently balked at the deal, which was to be partly financed through junk bonds. The take-over group said it would submit a revised bid “in the near term, but

47、 the announcement stunned investors who had come to view the United deal as the latest sure thing in the 1980s buyout binge. Said John Downey, a trader at the Chicago Board Options Exchange: “The airline stocks have looked like attractive takeover targets. But with the United deal in trouble, everyo

48、ne started to wonder what other deals might not go through./（分数：10.00）(1).The tone of the writer as reflected in the first sentence isA sensible.B irrational.C defiant.D ironical.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How do the public feel about the current economic situation?A Trustful.B Panicked.C Carefree.D Confused.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When mentioning “the latest shipwreck“ (Para. 3), the author is talking aboutA stock-market decline.B junk-bond market.C enormous acquisitions.D corporate profits.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The main reason for the latest crisis in stock ma