【考研类试卷】中医综合-中医诊断学(七)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中医诊断学(七)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Personality is to a large extent inherent. A-type parents usually (1) A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect (2) if competition is important to the parents, it is (3) to become a major factor

2、in the lives of their children.One place where children (4) A characteristics is school, which is, (5) its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools (6) the “win at all costs“ moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current (7) for making children

3、 compete against their classmates or against the (8) produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too (9) to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, (10) dead seconds after sayin

4、g. “Rejoice, we conquer!“(11) the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. There is, for example, a (12) school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The (13) of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competit

5、ion in the certain (14) of failure is positively harmful.(15) , it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into Bs. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to (16) a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.If the pre

6、occupation of schools with academic work was (17) , more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection (18) the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such (19) as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to

7、 choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. Bs are important and should be (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A bring about B care for C carry on D keep up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A when B since C although D and（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A possible B crucial C likely D essential（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A draw on B get ov

8、er C drag on D soak up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A for B by C with D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A adapt B abide C adopt D absorb（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A passion B support C initiative D desirability（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A authority B world C nature D clock（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A liable B ready C keen D fond（分数：0.

9、50）A.B.C.D.(10).A dropped B collapsed C tripped D stumbled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A So far B By far C Thus far D Far too（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A responsible B reliable C scarce D rare（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A merits B drawbacks C defects D faults（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A destiny B recognition C knowledge D

10、 intention（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A Frequently B Obviously C Presumably D Specifically（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A suit B apply C accustom D fit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A augmented B lessened C increased D boosted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A for B of C by D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A judgments B assumptions C consi

11、derations D estimates（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A appreciated B opted C adored D encouraged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)British cancer researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases arou

12、nd industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia-not the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease.“Childhood leukaemia ap

13、pears to be an unusual result of a common infection,“ said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. “A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you Suddenly put a lot of people from large towns i

14、n a rural area, where you might have people who had not been exposed to the infection. “ Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scie

15、ntists have been trying to establish why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted be

16、cause of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. “Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers o

17、r locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing,“ Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer.Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiolo

18、gist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.（分数：10.00）(1).Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukaemia by infection?A Leo KinlenB Richard DollC Louise ParkerD Heather Dickinson（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D

19、.(2).Which statement can be supported by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parkers new findings?A Radiation has contributed to the disease.B Putting a lot of people from rural area in a large towns increases the risk of childhood leukaemia.C Population mixing is the most important reason for leukaemia cl

20、uster.D Childhood leukaemia is caused by an unusual infection.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, which of the following is true?A Most people believe childhood leukaemia is due to environmental factors.B Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukaemia.C Radiation has not

21、hing to do with childhood leukaemia.D Children born in a large town are at higher risk of leukaemia.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a_.A medical journalB research instituteC private companyD governmental agency（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).This passage is mainly about_.A the cl

22、uster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing partB the kind of infection that causes childhood leukaemiaC the causes of childhood leukaemiaD a new finding by British scientists（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that th

23、e game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have, todays scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.A book to be published in B

24、ritain this week, The End of Science, argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author, John Horgan, is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine, who has interviewed many of todays leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him

25、, he says, when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation in the United States last year. “The reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief, “Mr. Horgan says.The real question is whether any remaining unsolved p

26、roblems, of which there are plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not, then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960sthe genetic code, plate tectonics, and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the B

27、ig Banggenuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive, spending more money on research, that ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of i

28、ts present size.Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than todays? That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns. “Look, dont get me wrong,“ says Mr Horgan. “There are lots of important things s

29、till to study, and applied science and engineering can go on for ever. I hope we get a cure for cancer, and for mental disease, though there are few real signs of progress./（分数：10.00）(1).The sentence “most of the best things have already been located“ could mean_.A. most of the best things have alre

30、ady been changedB. most of the best things remain to be changedC. there have never been so many best things waiting to be discoveredD. most secrets of the world have already been discovered（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).John Horgan_. has published a book entitled The End of Science. has been working as an edi

31、tor of Scientific American. has been working many years as a literary critic. is working as a science writerA. and B. C. and D. , and （分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).There have not been many genuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades because_.A. there have been decreased returns in the research of

32、fundamental scienceB. there are too many important things for scientists to studyC. applied science and engineering take up too much time and energyD. todays scientists are not as intelligent as those in the past（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The term “the Big Bang“ probably refers to_.A. the genetic code the

33、oryB. a geological theoryC. a theory of the origin of the universeD. the origin and the power of atomic energy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title of this passage can be_.A. Great Scientific Discoveries Will Never Be PossibleB. The Harsh Challenge Has to Be Met by Modern ScientistsC. The State Sponso

34、rship and Scientific Enterprise Are All in VainD. The Chance for Great Scientific Discoveries Becomes Scarce（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If men are from Mars and women are from Venus, it may explain at least one of their shared beliefs: Men and women cant be real friends. Many may point

35、to the jealousy that plagues many rational people when a significant other befriends someone of the opposite sex. Boil it down to the inherent differences between the sexes. It just cant be done. Is it right?Wrong, say relationship experts. “The belief that men and women cant be friends comes from a

36、nother era in which women were at home and men were in the workplace, and the only way they could get together was for romance,“ explains Linda Sapadin, Ph. D, a psychologist in private practice in Valley Stream, New York. “Now they work together and have sports interests together and socialize toge

37、ther.“ This cultural shift is encouraging psychologists, sociologists and communications experts to put forth a new message: though it may be tricky, men and women can successfully become close friends. Whats more, there are good reasons for them to do so.Society has long singled out romance as the

38、prototypical male-female relationship because it spawns babies and keeps the life cycle going; cross-sex friendship, as researchers call it, has been either ignored or trivialized. We have rules for how to act in romantic relationships (flirt, date, get married, have kids) and even same-sex friendsh

39、ips (boys relate by doing activities together, girls by talking and sharing). But there are so few platonic male-female friendships on display in our culture that were at a loss even to define these relationships.A certain 1989 film starring Meg Ryan and Billy Crystal convinced a nation of moviegoer

40、s that romance always comes between men and women, making true friendship impossible. “When Harry Met Sally set the potential for male-female friendship back about 25 years,“ says Michael Monsour, Ph. D., assistant professor of communications at the University of Colorado at Denver and author of Wom

41、en and Men as Friends: Relationships across the Life Span in the 21st Century. “Almost every time you see a male-female friendship, it winds up turning into romance.“In 1989, Don OMeara, Ph. D., a sociology professor at the University of Cincinnati-Raymond Walters College, published a landmark study

42、 in the journal Sex Roles on the top impediments to cross-sex friendship. Among several challenges he pointed out in his research, society may not be entirely ready for friendships between men and women that have no sexual subtext. People with close friends of the opposite sex are often barraged wit

43、h nudging, winking and skepticism: “Are you really just friends?“ This is especially true, says OMeara, of older adults, who grew up when men and women were off-limits to each other until marriage.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word “befriends“ (Line 3, Para. 1 ) most probably mean?A Stop being friends

44、 with.B Go on a date with.C Become friends with.D Have a fancy or particular liking or desire for.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What do some relationship experts think about male-female friendships?A They can only be friends in the workplace.B Their friendships would finally turn into romances.C It is totall

45、y possible that friendships exist between males and females.D Men and women cant be real friends.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to paragraph 3, why is it difficult for men and women to become “just“ friends?A Historically, it has been difficult to define this kind of relationship.B It is not as comm

46、on as same-sex friendships.C Men and women have different rules to act in a relationship.D There havent been enough rules and examples for cross-sex relationship.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the main idea of paragraph 4?A The difficulties of cross-sex friendship stem partly from the media.B Movie an

47、d television have set different rules for men and women to interact.C Television has not helped to promote cross-sex friendships.D Some book authors play a negative role in people accepting cross-sex friendships.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which one of the following would be the best subtitle for the last

48、paragraph?A Establishing Equality: The power playB The Public Eye: Dealing with doubtersC The Meeting Place: Finding friendsD Defining the Relationship: Friends or Lovers?（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Sometimes geopolitical lessons come from the strangest places. With Eric Schmidt stepping down as CEO of Google and replaced by founder Larry Page, I cant help but wonder if world leaders are taking note. Google perfected the horizontal business model. To the delight of enthusiasts of David Ricardo, the comparative economist, the company does one thing really well