【考研类试卷】连锁遗传分析(二)及答案解析.doc

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1、连锁遗传分析(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Government officials reported three new cases of mad cow, bringing the total so far this year to 99. Last year, France recorded just 31 cases of the mad cow disease. The rising numbers are in part (1) a new testing program that

2、focuses on cows that are most (2) . That program has (3) 39 cases. But still 60 new cases were identified in the usual way, (4) were found in 1999. Many scientists (5) that this year, five years after safety precautions were (6) , the number of cases would be (7) .The rise in cases has (8) some scie

3、ntists to question whether the disease can be transmitted in ways not yet understood. Scientists are still (9) the disease, first recognized in cows in 1986.It appears that it is not caused by a bacteria, virus or fungus, but (10) infectious particles called prion, perhaps (11) a virus or other agen

4、t. The disease kills cells in the brain, (12) it spongy and full of holes.France has taken more steps to (13) safety than most European countries, (14) refusing to take English beef (15) the European Union. But some scientists believe that France has not been (16) in imposing the ban on feed that (1

5、7) animal pans.Some French officials hope that the sudden interest in mad cow disease will mean that French consumers will become educated about it, thereby recognizing that French beef is actually (18) controlled. Every cow is given a passport at birth, and extensive information about its parentage

6、 and (19) it was raised must be (20) to any slaughterhouse. When a diseased animal is found, the entire herd is destroyed.（分数：10.00）(1).A as B because C since D due to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A risking B in risk C at risk D at danger（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A discovered B invented C identified D disclosed（分

7、数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A more B far more C far more than D less than（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A expect B expected C have expected D had expected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A put to place B put a place C put in place D put in the place（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A declining B inclining C increasing D reclaiming（分数：0.50）A.B

8、.C.D.(8).A attempted B intended C lured D prompted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A disappointed at B puzzled by C amazed at D critical of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A stems from B developed in C grew out of D generated from（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A grew with B agree with C coincide with D in concert with（分数：0.50）A.B.

9、C.D.(12).A to leave B left C leaves D leaving（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A be sure B ensure C make sure D assure（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A including B excluding C containing D enclosing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A abiding by B in defiance of C according to D in accordance with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A affective B e

10、fficient C effective D affect（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A contains B consists of C is made from D is made up of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A stiff B rigidly C hard D roughly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A where B how C when D why（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A subjected B submitted C reported D registered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Se

11、ction Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Sadness isnt manlythis Eric Weaver knew. When depression engulfed this New York police sergeant, it took a different guise: a near-constant state of anger. “One minute Id be okay and the next minute Id be screaming at my k

12、ids and punching the wall,“ he recalls. “My kids would ask, Whats wrong with Daddy? Whys he so mad all the time?“ For years, Weaver didnt know what was wrong. Weavers confusion about what tortured him was not unusual. Roughly a third of the 18 million or more Americans who suffer depression each yea

13、r are men. Yet all too often, experts say, men fail to recognize the symptoms and get the treatment they need. For years, experts suspected that gender makes a big difference in depression. Studies from New York to New Zealand have repeatedly found the same startling statistic: About twice as many w

14、omen as men suffer from depression. That finding was considered one of the bedrock facts of modern mental health. Yet it has recently come under attack from critics who are concerned about underreporting of male depression. William Pollack, Director of the Center for Men at McLean Hospital, is leadi

15、ng the charge against the well-entrenched depression gender gap. He argues that mens rate of depression may be nearly equal to womens. Just look at suicide rates, he says: Male suicides outnumber females four to one. That ratio “is way too high to say that mens depression numbers are so low,“ he not

16、es. Pollack and others contend that male depression goes unrecognized because, unlike the female version, it often doesnt fit the textbook signsat least in the early stages. Clinical depression at later stages looks much the same in both sexes. But in the prelude to a breakdown, that deepening despa

17、ir is often expressed in very different ways. Instead of being weepy, men are more apt to be irritable and angrymoods that arent included in the classic diagnostic tests. “Their sadness and helplessness are hidden behind a mask of anger,“ says Pollack. “Men tend to act out“ to avoid dealing with unc

18、omfortable feelings, adds Fredric Rabinowitz, a psychologist who works primarily with men. If they feel bad, theyre apt to get into fights on the job or at home, withdraw from family and friends, become obsessed with work or hobbies. Most significantly, men often turn to drinking or drugs. Men have

19、two to four times the rate of substance abuse problems as women, and Pollack contends that if this was recognized as a sign of depression, the gender gap would substantially narrow.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs? A Mr. Weaver considered anger was a

20、 guise of depression. B Depression may result in similar symptoms. C Men generally ignore the signs of depression and its treatment. D One third of male Americans suffer depression each year.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Studies from New York to New Zealand suggested that_. A women mental health was worse th

21、an mens B men are 50% less depressed than women C different gender faces different depressions D gender differences explained the depression rates（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, Mr. Pollack believes that men facing depression_. A will choose to commit suicide B break down more easily

22、than women C do not have the same symptoms as described in textbook D are often not diagnosed properly（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).By saying “Men tend to act out“ (Line 1, Para. 6), the author implies that_. A men often fight outside B men usually hide their uncomfortable feelings C men would choose violent

23、 acts outside D men are easily offended by others（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A Male Depression: Re-examined B Symptoms of Depression: Gender Difference C Male Depression: Underlying Causes D Mask of Anger: Men Under Stress（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text

24、2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)That rapscallion who leaps off the monkey bars, landing smack onto an innocent 3-year-old bystander, and skips off, giggling all the while? According to a new paper out of Israel, he may not feel all that bad about the incident. The study, conducted by Dr. In bal Kivenson Bar-On at

25、the University of Haifa, shows that high levels of fearlessness in 3-and 4-year-olds is strongly associated with aggression and a lack of sympathy. This news will likely surprise risk-loving America, where parents typically beam with pride when their undaunted child mounts the big slide.Fearlessness

26、 is a far-end point on the spectrum of what psychologists call the “approach and withdrawal dimension“peoples tendency to approach new stimuli (to gain information and acquire new skills ) and withdraw from unfamiliar stimuli (to avoid danger). Striking the right balance is considered crucial to man

27、s survival. But what about preschoolers? Theres a clear downside, Dr. Kivenson Bar-On discovered, after she observed lots of preschool play and machinations. In total, she documented 80 children at preschool, home and in the lab, measuring their propensity for fearlessness and other social and emoti

28、onal characteristics at the beginning and end of one year. Fearlessness was measured by observing reactions to various fright-inducing situations: separation from parents, the roar of a vacuum cleaner, a jack-in-the-box and the like. Those who displayed greater levels of fearlessness, the study foun

29、d, had no trouble recognizing facial expressions of anger, surprise, happiness and sadness in other childrenbut they had a hard time identifying fear.Over all, they were “emotionally shallow“ and showed lower levels of sympathy. They took advantage of friends and lacked regret over inappropriate con

30、duct. “These findings,“ the paper explains, “ suggest that fearlessness in preschool constitutes a clear risk factor for developmental pathways that lead to problems in morality, conscience development, and severe antisocial behaviors. “ At the same time, fearless children tended to be highly sociab

31、le. “One of the most interesting findings was that we could discriminate between friendliness and sympathy,“ Dr. Kivenson Bar-On said. “These kids are curious, easygoing and friendly, but they have a hard time recognizing emotional distress in others. “Jamie Ostrov, a psychology professor at the Sta

32、te University at Buffalo who studies aggression, says that children at the extreme end of the fearless spectrurn “may be charming, but theyre also highly manipulative and deceptive and skilled at getting their wayeven at age 3 or 4. “ It could be that fearless children need stronger distress cues to

33、 active their autonomic nervous systems, limiting their ability to detect distress cues in others. It seems to be, if Im not worried about this, you cant be, either. But should we be?（分数：10.00）(1).The example of the first paragraph is to_.A quote the research that the children of high levels of fear

34、lessness are lack of empathyB illustrate the children strongly associated with aggression and a lack of sympathy existC criticize children in reckless behavior and moral deficiencyD emphasize the necessity of the research（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).As for the result of the research, American parents may be

35、_?A approving B welcomeC a little unhappy D indifferent（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the second paragraph, we may know_.A fearless children are easy to liveB fearless childrens character downsideC fearless children are not sensitive to fearD fear children are hard to distinguish different kinds

36、of look（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Dr. Kivenson Bar-On, fearless children_.A have no sympathy B will have anti-social tendencyC get well along with others D are foxy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The fearless children are not easy to perceive others sad mood because_.A theyre more aggressive and decepti

37、veB they are more lack of sympathyC they themselves are difficult to have the sad moodD they are not good at watching others（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)These are hard times for Deutsehe Bank, despite its huge strides in investment banking. Next week its chief executive, Josef Ackerman,

38、goes on trial in Dusseldorf. Careless words by Rolf Breuer, the head of its supervisory board, led to another court ruling last month that may cost Germany s biggest bank several hundred million euros in damages. Then there is Parmalat. Although no evidence has emerged of complicity in the Italian d

39、airy group s fraud, Deutsche s name has become entwined in the affair.In many other respects, however, Deutsche s reputation has never been higher. In dubbing it “ Bank of the Year 2003“, International Financing Review, the capital markets favorite newssheet, purred that Deutsche was a “lean, aggres

40、sive, focused universal bank“ In the league tables that investment banks watch so keenly, Deutsche excelled last year as lead manager of bonds and convertible bonds and of some racier products, such as repackaged debt securities and high-yield “junk“ bonds. In other disciplines it rarely fell below

41、the top ten in the world.However, it is still nowhere near the top in equity offerings and advice on mergers and acquisitions, except in Germany. It still has a problem with costs,which were a fat 82% of income in the third quarter of 2003, thanks mainly to the thick pay packets of its investment ba

42、nkers and its poor returns from corporate and retail banking.Mr. Ackermann must try to improve the weak spots while spending two clays a week, probably until June, in a courtroom. He and four others face charges of “breach of trust“ over the way bonuses were awarded to board meinbers of Mannesmann,

43、a telecoms company. Mr. Aekermann sat on Mannesmann s supervisory board. There is no suggestion that he gained personally. Nor was there any harmful intent in Mr. Breuer s remarks in a television interview about the financial health of the Kirch media group shortly before its bankruptcy. But he was

44、careless, and a Munich court found Deutsche (but not Mr. Breuer) liable for damages, to be set in due course, without right of appeal. The bank said this week it has lodged a protest with the federal supreme court in Karlsruhe. Meanwhile, Kirch has filed a suit against Deutsche in America.Deutsches

45、involvement with Parmalat also looks sloppy. It led a 350m bond issue fur the group in September. It was also a leading borrower and lender of Parmaat shares, so that in November it technically held the voting rights to over 5% of Parmalat stock. That stake had fallen to 1.5% by December 19th, the d

46、ay the dairy companys black hole became public. It reported this, perhaps over-zealously, to the Italian authorities. That may have given the wrong impression, say, sources close to the bank, because the transactions were for third parties.This is awkward for a bank that managed to avoid most seriou

47、s attacks on conflicts of interest thai beset the investment-banking industry following the collapse of Enron in 2001 and the bursting of the tech-stock bubble. Mr. Ackermann will need a clear head to steer the bank through the coming storms.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the text that_.A the

48、 chief executive of Deutsche will be found guilty by courtB it is yet to be found whether Deutsche is involved ira the fraudC Deutsche s reputation has been ruined by its present problemsD the head of Deutsche s supervisory board is a shrewd banker（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Deutsche bank did not make much profit due largely to_.A the large amount of junk bonds and lack of disciplinesB the poor management and the low interest rateC the inadequacy of Mr. Ackermann and other board membersD the huge salary of bankers and the unwise businesses（分数：2.0