【考研类试卷】考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷458及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 458 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Over the past decade, thousands of patents have be

2、en granted for what are called business methods. A received one for its “one-click“ online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box. Now the nation s top patent court appears completely ready to scale bac

3、k on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method p

4、atents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal,“ says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.“ Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face , because it was the Federal Circuit its

5、elf that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive righ

6、ts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, d

7、espite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice. The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging

8、 risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider“ its State Street Bank ruling. The Federal Circ

9、uit s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions“ that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circu

10、it are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,“ says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.（分数：10.00）(1).Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of（分数：2.00）A.their limited value to businesses.B.their connec

11、tion with asset allocation.C.the possible restriction on their granting.D.the controversy over their authorization.(2).Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?（分数：2.00）A.Its ruling complies with the court decisions.B.It involves a very big business transaction.C.It has been dismissed by th

12、e Federal Circuit.D.It may change the legal practices in the U.S(3).The word “about-face“(Para. 3)most probably means（分数：2.00）A.loss of good will.B.increase of hostility.C.change of attitude.D.enhancement of dignity.(4).We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents（分数：2.00）A.are

13、 immune to legal challenges.B.are often unnecessarily issued.C.lower the esteem for patent holders.D.increase the incidence of risks.(5).Which of the following would be the subject of the text?（分数：2.00）A.A looming threat to business-method patents.B.Protection for business-method patent holders.C.A

14、legal case regarding business-method patents.D.A prevailing trend against business-method patents.When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet . But the 47-year-old manicurist isn t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she d like to, either. Most of her c

15、lients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “Im a good economic indicator,“ she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars.“ So Spero is downscaling,

16、shopping at middlebrow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.“ she says. Even before Alan Greenspans admission that Americas red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen s

17、igns of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already,

18、 experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say theyre n

19、ot in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range , predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,“ says broker Barbara C

20、orcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,“ says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many fo

21、lks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained

22、boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least,

23、 it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending. But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Fr

24、iedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does

25、 conflict between races and classes. Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross themespecially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the

26、 economic at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them th

27、at are left behind. In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society s character. In many respects, the U. S. was more socially tol

28、erant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so the

29、 longer they extend.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “to find silver linings“(Para. 2)the author suggests that the jobless try to（分数：2.00）A.seek subsidies from the government.B.explore reasons for the unemployment.C.make profit from the troubled economy.D.look on the bright side of the recession.(2).Accordin

30、g to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people（分数：2.00）A.realize the national dream.B.struggle against each other.C.challenge their prudence.D.reconsider their lifestyle.(3).Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may（分数：2.00）A.impose a heavier burden on immigrants.B.bring out more evil

31、s of human nature.C.promote the advance of rights and freedoms.D.ease conflicts between races and classes.(4).The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from elite universities tend to（分数：2.00）A.lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities.B.catch up quickly wi

32、th experienced employees.C.see their life chances as dimmed as the others.D.recover more quickly than the others.(5).The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is（分数：2.00）A.certain.B.positive.C.trivial.D.destructive.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 458 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(

33、总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. A received

34、one for its “one-click“ online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box. Now the nation s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial

35、ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big d

36、eal,“ says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.“ Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face , because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in t

37、he so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move est

38、ablished companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for grant

39、ing them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice. The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an un

40、usual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider“ its State Street Bank ruling. The Federal Circuit s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisio

41、ns by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions“ that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Cou

42、rt,“ says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.（分数：10.00）(1).Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of（分数：2.00）A.their limited value to businesses.B.their connection with asset allocation.C.the possible restriction on the

43、ir granting. D.the controversy over their authorization.解析：解析：细节题。题干问为什么商业专利在近来引起了关注，根据出题顺序，本题的答题区间在前 两段。第一段主要讲在过去十年间，成千上万的商业方法被授予了专利。第二段第一句指出国家 最高专利法庭准备缩减商业专利(scale back on businessmethod patents)。由此可见，C 项“它们的 授予可能受到限制”是对原文的同义置换，故为正确答案，restriction on 相当于 scale back on。A 项“它们对企业的价值有限”，原文并未提到。B 项“它们与

44、资产配置相关”，利用第一段中出现的 asset allocation 形成干扰项，属于过度推断。D 项“它们的获批引起争议”较有迷惑性，但原文说的 是十年来一直争议不断，而题干问的是最近(recently)，因此属于偷换概念。(2).Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?（分数：2.00）A.Its ruling complies with the court decisions.B.It involves a very big business transaction.C.It has been dismissed by the

45、Federal Circuit.D.It may change the legal practices in the U.S 解析：解析：推断题。根据关键词 Bilski case 并结合出题顺序定位至第二段。第二段最后提到 it has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents，D 项是对此句的同义改写，may 对应 has the poten tial，change 对应 eliminate。因此，D 项“它可能会改变美国已有的法律惯例”为正确答案。A 项“对 它的裁决符合法庭决议”、C 项“它已经被联邦巡回法庭驳回”反向干

46、扰，文中已暗示比尔斯基案 的判决可能成为商业方法专利案件的转折点，因此它不会被驳回，而且它的判决与以往案例不 同。B项“它涉及一项非常大的商业交易”，第二段末句提到 Bilski case 是 a very big deal 意思是 “Bilski case 非常重要的事”，而非“大的交易”，因此 B 项错误。(3).The word “about-face“(Para. 3)most probably means（分数：2.00）A.loss of good will.B.increase of hostility.C.change of attitude. D.enhancement of

47、 dignity.解析：解析：含义题。根据题干定位到第三段。第一句提到：对商业方法专利权的限制(curbs on business method claims)将会是一个 a dramatic about-face，因为正是联邦巡回法院在 1998 年被称为“州街 银行案”的决议中引入了这类专利，由此可见现在的做法与以前的做法是背道而驰的，即联邦巡 回法院的态度发生了大的转变，因此选 C 项。A 项“良好愿望的消失”、B 项“敌意的增加”、D 项 “尊严的提升”都与原文毫无关系。(4).We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-me

48、thod patents（分数：2.00）A.are immune to legal challenges.B.are often unnecessarily issued. C.lower the esteem for patent holders.D.increase the incidence of risks.解析：解析：推断题。根据题干定位到最后两段。最后一段第二句提到 too many patents were being upheld for“inventions”that are obvious(太多显而易见的“发明”被授予了专利权)，言外之意就是很多发 明本没有必要授予专利，即 unnecessarily issued，因此 B 项为正确答案。A 项“不受法律质疑的影 响”，与原文表述明显相反。C 项“降低专利持有人的尊严”，是对 narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders 的曲解。D 项“增加了风险的发生率”无从推知，应该是对第四段第一句 hedging risk(规避风险)出的干扰项。(5).W