【考研类试卷】考研英语知识运用分类精讲科学技术类-(三)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语知识运用分类精讲科学技术类-(三)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)One reason human beings can thrive in all kinds of climates is that they can control the qualities of the air in the enclosed spaces in which they live. Air conditioning is the use of mechanical systems to (1) that

2、control in such places (2) homes, offices, theaters, institutions, factories, airplanes, and automobiles. The most familiar type of air conditioning is summertime cooling. Although important, this is (3) one of several aspects of air conditioning. Other applications (4) . the control of the humidity

3、 (or air moisture), cleanliness, circulation of the air, and heating.Tests have (5) that people generally feel best (6) certain temperature, humidity, and air velocity conditions. Temperatures can (7) from 21.5 C with 70 percent relative humidity to 28 C with 30 percent relative humidity. Relative h

4、umidity is the (8) of moisture in the air (9) a specific temperature compared (10) the amount it could hold at that temperature. (11) air velocities range from 4.5 to 10.5 meters per minute. It is also desirable that an air conditioner (12) dust, pollen, smoke, and odors from the air.In many industr

5、ial environments, air conditioning is essential. Most print shops, for example, (13) constant humidity in order to control paper shrinkage and (14) the (15) operation in some processes. Libraries, especially ones with rare books, require air control to (16) the physical quality of their collections.

6、 Bakeries and the tobacco and cotton industries require high humidity (17) their products, and perishables such as fruits must be stored in cool, dry rooms. Some electronic components, drugs, and chemicals must be manufactured (18) the air is as free as possible (19) dust and other particles. Air co

7、nditioning is (20) in hospitals, especially in operating rooms.（分数：50.00）(1).A. achieve B. avail C. amount to D. assign（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. like B. as C. for D. to（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. but B. like C. as to D. mere（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. include B. conclude C. consist D. compromise（分数：2.50）A.B.C

8、.D.(5).A. determined B. caused C. maintained D. achieved（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. at B. around C. within D. under（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. alter B. range C. differ D. move（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. quality B. sum C. amount D. number（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. under B. inside C. on D. at（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A.

9、 to B. with C. against D. at（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. Agreeable B. Appreciable C. Amenable D. Available（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. remove B. to remove C. removes D. removing（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. ask B. demand C. request D. require（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. ensures B. ensure C. ensuring D. to ensure（分数：

10、2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. unique B. uniform C. universal D. united（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. preserve B. conserve C. reserve D. retain（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. about B. as C. for D. to（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. what B. where C. that D. which（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. of B. against C. at D. without（分数：2.50）A.B.C

11、.D.(20).A. virtual B. viable C. vibrant D. vital（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.Adults typically need seven to nine hours of sleep each night to feel fully rested and function at their best. (1) , Americans are getting less sleep than they did in the past. A 2005 National Sleep Foundation poll found that Americans

12、 (2) 6.9 hours of sleep per night, which represents a drop of about two hours per night (3) the 19th century, one hour per night over the past 50 years, and about 25 minutes per night just since 2001.(4) , we are not very good at perceiving the (5) effects of sleep deprivation. Researchers at the Un

13、iversity of Pennsylvania restricted (6) to less than six hours in bed per night for two weeks. The volunteers (7) only a small increase in sleepiness and thought they were (8) relatively normally. However, formal testing showed that their cognitive abilities and reaction times (9) declined during th

14、e two weeks. By the end of the two-week test, they were as (10) as subjects who had beer awake (11) for 48 hours.A recent review by a team from Case Western Reserve University and Harvard Medical School found that all of the large studies that followed people over time agreed that short sleep durati

15、on was (12) with future weight gain. This connection was (13) strong in children: all 31 studies in children showed a strong association between short sleep (14) and current and future obesity. (15) , a study by Susan Redline and colleagues showed an opposite (16) between sleep duration and obesity

16、in high-school-age students. The shorter the sleep, the higher the (17) of being overweightWe have many opportunities to avoid sleeplights, electronic devices, and other entertainment offer round-the-clock (18) . But we must recognize the importance of sleep and make it a(n) (19) to get enough. It i

17、s a lot easier to prevent weight gain by getting enough sleep than it is to treat the problem (20) it develops.（分数：50.00）(1).A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. However（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. averaged B. attained C. allocated D. alleged（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. in B. since C. over D. before（分数

18、：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Subsequently B. Incidentally C. Unfortunately D. Eventually（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. adverse B. neutral C. potential D. reverse（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. sleepers B. volunteers C. colleagues D. teenagers（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. specified B. foresaw C. perceived D. outlined（分数：2.50）A.B

19、.C.D.(8).A. conducting B. conceiving C. pondering D. functioning（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. progressively B. abruptly C. constantly D. conversely（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. upset B. distracted C. impaired D. concerned（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. essentially B. continuously C. persistently D. gradually（分数：2.50）

20、A.B.C.D.(12).A. related B. interacted C. associated D. confronted（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. precisely B. particularly C. extensively D. presumably（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. duration B. pattern C. mode D. habit（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. In short B. In addition C. By contrast D. For example（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.

21、(16).A. entry B. correlation C. passage D. orientation（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. likelihood B. proportion C. hazard D. opportunity（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. benefits B. temptations C. programs D. options（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. mission B. burden C. priority D. amusement（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. while B.

22、since C. unless D. once（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.考研英语知识运用分类精讲科学技术类-(三)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)One reason human beings can thrive in all kinds of climates is that they can control the qualities of the air in the enclosed spaces in which they live. Air conditioning is the

23、 use of mechanical systems to (1) that control in such places (2) homes, offices, theaters, institutions, factories, airplanes, and automobiles. The most familiar type of air conditioning is summertime cooling. Although important, this is (3) one of several aspects of air conditioning. Other applica

24、tions (4) . the control of the humidity (or air moisture), cleanliness, circulation of the air, and heating.Tests have (5) that people generally feel best (6) certain temperature, humidity, and air velocity conditions. Temperatures can (7) from 21.5 C with 70 percent relative humidity to 28 C with 3

25、0 percent relative humidity. Relative humidity is the (8) of moisture in the air (9) a specific temperature compared (10) the amount it could hold at that temperature. (11) air velocities range from 4.5 to 10.5 meters per minute. It is also desirable that an air conditioner (12) dust, pollen, smoke,

26、 and odors from the air.In many industrial environments, air conditioning is essential. Most print shops, for example, (13) constant humidity in order to control paper shrinkage and (14) the (15) operation in some processes. Libraries, especially ones with rare books, require air control to (16) the

27、 physical quality of their collections. Bakeries and the tobacco and cotton industries require high humidity (17) their products, and perishables such as fruits must be stored in cool, dry rooms. Some electronic components, drugs, and chemicals must be manufactured (18) the air is as free as possibl

28、e (19) dust and other particles. Air conditioning is (20) in hospitals, especially in operating rooms.（分数：50.00）(1).A. achieve B. avail C. amount to D. assign（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：空调系统是通过使用机械装置来_对诸如家庭、办公室、剧院、学校、工厂、飞机和汽车等环境的控制。Aachieve 意为“实现”，表达最恰当，故为正确答案。其他三项均不符合题意。(2).A. like B. a

29、s C. for D. to（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查固定搭配。such.as.“举例”，是常用的固定搭配。故正确答案为 Bas。(3).A. but B. like C. as to D. mere（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。空格处所在句意为：虽然它很重要，_它不过是空调诸多功能中的一种。Abut 在此处的作用相当于 only，符合题意，为正确答案。(4).A. include B. conclude C. consist D. compromise（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：其他

30、功能还_对空气湿度、清洁度、空气流通的调控，以及加热作用。Ainclude“包括，包含”，符合题意，为正确答案。conclude“推断，做结论”，consist与 of连用，表示“组成，构成，包括，由组成”，compromise“妥协，让步”，均不符合题意。(5).A. determined B. caused C. maintained D. achieved（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：实验已经_，人们在一定的温度、湿度、和空气流动的速度下，感觉最舒适。determine 意为“决心，决意；测定”，符合文意，故正确答案为Adetermine

31、d。cause“引起，使促成”，maintain“保持；维持；赡养；供给，保养，维修”，achieve“完成，实现，达到，获得”，均不符合题意。(6).A. at B. around C. within D. under（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查固定搭配。under.conditions 意为“在一定条件下”，故答案为 Dunder。(7).A. alter B. range C. differ D. move（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：气温可以在 21.5、相对湿度 70%，到 28、相对湿度 30%之间变化。“在

32、范围内变化”一般用 range，故 B为正确答案。alter“改变；变更”，differ(常与 from连用)表示“不同，不像，相异”，(常与 with连用)表示“不同意；意见相左”，move“移动”，均不符合题意。(8).A. quality B. sum C. amount D. number（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。quality 意为“质量”，sum 意为“总计，总和”，amount 一般用于不可数名词，如：a substantial amount of money, number 一般仅仅用于可数名词，如：a large number of mis

33、takes。根据语境可知，此处修饰的是不可数名词，表示的是“数量”故 Camount 为正确答案。(9).A. under B. inside C. on D. at（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查惯用搭配。“在一定的温度下，在某一个特定的温度/速度”，介词通常用 at。故答案为 Dat。(10).A. to B. with C. against D. at（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词短语辨析。空格处所在句意为：相对湿度就是在一定的温度下，空气中水汽的实际量和空气可以承载的最大水汽量的比例。compared with“和相比”，compared

34、to“把比作”，根据语境可知，Bwith 正确。(11).A. Agreeable B. Appreciable C. Amenable D. Available（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。空格处所在句意为：_空气流动速度在每分钟 4.5米到 10.5米之间。AAgreeable“使人愉快的，惬意的，适合的”，符合句意，为正确答案。Appreciable“可感知的；值得重视的”，Amenable“应服从的，有服从义务的，有责任的”，Available“可用到的，可利用的，有空的”，均不符合题意。(12).A. remove B. to remove C. r

35、emoves D. removing（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查语法知识虚拟语气。空格处所在句意为：人们也希望，空调能去除空气中的灰尘，花粉，烟尘，以及异味等。本句为虚拟语气，句式结构为：It is desirable that.这样的句子后面必须加(should)+动词原形。故选项 Aremove 为正确答案。(13).A. ask B. demand C. request D. require（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：例如，大多数印刷店都_恒定的湿度，来控制纸张的收缩率。Drequire“要求”，最符合文意，为正

36、确答案。demand“要求”，表达得语气太重，request则是“有礼貌地要求”，均不符合题意。(14).A. ensures B. ensure C. ensuring D. to ensure（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查句子结构。Most print shops, for example, require constant humidity in order to control paper shrinkage and to ensure the uniform operation in some processes. 在本句中，to control和 to ens

37、ure作并列目的状语。故 Dto ensure 为正确答案。(15).A. unique B. uniform C. universal D. united（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查上下文语义及形容词辨析。Buniform“统一的，相同的，一致的，均衡的”，符合题意，为正确答案。unique“唯一的，独特的”，universal“普遍的，全体的，通用的，宇宙的，世界的”，united“团结的，和睦的，统一的”，均不符合题意。(16).A. preserve B. conserve C. reserve D. retain（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析

38、考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：图书馆，特别是那些有善本的图书馆，需要调节空气，以_他们藏书的质量。Apreserve“保护，防护，维护，保存，保藏”，侧重“保护好使不腐烂，保鲜”的意思，符合题意，为正确答案。conserve“保存，保藏”，侧重“保护，以便于不被破坏殆尽，今后还能找到”的意思，例如保护自然资源、生态环境等多用 conserve，reserve“储备，储藏”，retain“留住，保住”，均不符合题意。(17).A. about B. as C. for D. to（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查介词用法。空格处所在句意为：面包房，以及烟草和棉花工厂的产品需要

39、很高湿度的空气，而诸如水果之类的容易腐烂的货品则要储存在凉爽干燥的房间。for 在此处强调对象。故 Cfor为正确答案。(18).A. what B. where C. that D. which（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查语法知识。空格处所在句意为：有些电子元件、药物、以及化学物质必须在没有灰尘和其他微粒的空气中生产。where 强调“地点，所在”，故答案为 Bwhere。(19).A. of B. against C. at D. without（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查惯用搭配。free of something“没有的，摆脱了的”，故答

40、案为 Aof。(20).A. virtual B. viable C. vibrant D. vital（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查上下文语义及形容词辨析。空格处所在句意为：空调对医院也_，特别是手术室。Dvital“极为重要的，关系重大的”，符合题意，为正确答案。virtual“实际上的；事实上的”，viable“可行的，可实施的”，vibrant“振动的，(色彩、光线)鲜明的，明快的，活泼的，生机勃勃的”，均不符合题意。Adults typically need seven to nine hours of sleep each night to feel full

41、y rested and function at their best. (1) , Americans are getting less sleep than they did in the past. A 2005 National Sleep Foundation poll found that Americans (2) 6.9 hours of sleep per night, which represents a drop of about two hours per night (3) the 19th century, one hour per night over the p

42、ast 50 years, and about 25 minutes per night just since 2001.(4) , we are not very good at perceiving the (5) effects of sleep deprivation. Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania restricted (6) to less than six hours in bed per night for two weeks. The volunteers (7) only a small increase in

43、sleepiness and thought they were (8) relatively normally. However, formal testing showed that their cognitive abilities and reaction times (9) declined during the two weeks. By the end of the two-week test, they were as (10) as subjects who had beer awake (11) for 48 hours.A recent review by a team

44、from Case Western Reserve University and Harvard Medical School found that all of the large studies that followed people over time agreed that short sleep duration was (12) with future weight gain. This connection was (13) strong in children: all 31 studies in children showed a strong association be

45、tween short sleep (14) and current and future obesity. (15) , a study by Susan Redline and colleagues showed an opposite (16) between sleep duration and obesity in high-school-age students. The shorter the sleep, the higher the (17) of being overweightWe have many opportunities to avoid sleeplights,

46、 electronic devices, and other entertainment offer round-the-clock (18) . But we must recognize the importance of sleep and make it a(n) (19) to get enough. It is a lot easier to prevent weight gain by getting enough sleep than it is to treat the problem (20) it develops.（分数：50.00）(1).A. Otherwise B

47、. Therefore C. Furthermore D. However（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。上一句指出成年人一般每个晚上需要七至九小时的睡眠才能感到精力非常充沛并以最佳状态正常工作，下一句则指出美国人的睡眠时间比过去少了。由此可知，表示转折的However“然而，但是”符合上下文的逻辑关系，是正确答案。Otherwise“否则”表示条件，Therefore“因此”表示结果，Furthermore“而且”表示递进，都不符合题目的要求。(2).A. averaged B. attained C. allocated D. alleged（分数：2.50）

48、A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。从语意分析，allocate“分配，分派”和 allege“断言，宣称”与宾语的搭配都不合理。由于本句涉及的是一项调查结果，average“平均有”一词把美国人的平均睡眠时间清楚地表达了出来，故正确答案为 Aaveraged。而 attain“达到，获得”的意思显然与文意不符。(3).A. in B. since C. over D. before（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查上下文语义。本段第二句已指出，美国人现在的睡眠时间比过去少。本句具体说明与不同时代相比大约减少了多少时间，因此正确答案只能是 since，表示从 19世纪

49、以来，而不可能是 in或before。也不可能是 over“在期间”。(4).A. Subsequently B. Incidentally C. Unfortunately D. Eventually（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查副词辨析。下句指出，我们并没有很好地了解缺乏失眠的影响，与上一段最后一句表达的意思之间有一定的转折作用。Unfortunately“遗憾的是，可惜的是”反映了作者对美国人缺乏睡眠而又不了解由此带来的后果而感到遗憾，是正确答案。Subsequently“结果”和 Eventually“最终”都表示结果，不符合上下文的逻辑关系；Incidentally“顺便提一下”隐含补充说明的意思，也不符合文意。(5).A. adverse B. neutral C. potential D. reverse（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。从本段第四句的相关内容 their cognitive ab