【考研类试卷】考研英语知识运用分类精讲科学技术类-(一)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语知识运用分类精讲科学技术类-(一)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)A UFO is a general term used for any “unidentified flying object“ in the sky which cannot be (1) by an observer. Most UFOs remain (2) as so even after they have been investigated. The UFO phenomenon dates back (3) t

2、he beginning of recorded history, but UFO sightings have (4) increased since the mid 1940s.From UFO videos to UFO pictures, stories and other real life (5) , thousands of people from all (6) of life claim to have seen these mysterious aerial phantoms. Many UFO sightings turn out to be nothing at all

3、, mere airplanes, meteors or comets; (7) many sightings have gone unsolved for decades or even centuries.The term “flying saucer“ came into (8) use after American Kenneth Arnold claimed a UFO sighting on June 24, 1947 near Mount Rainier, Washington. Arnold claimed to have seen as many as nine bright

4、ly lit objects soaring (9) the sky (10) he estimated as up to 1,200 miles per hour. Arnold also reported that the objects appeared to have a disc or “saucer“ (11) . (12) final conclusion has ever been reached in the case.One of the most famous LIFO incidents to date also occurred in 1947 in Roswell,

5、 New Mexico. (13) unidentified debris was recovered from the (14) of a Roswell ranch, the Roswell Army Airfield (15) a statement saying that a “flying disk“ had been discovered. The airfield (16) the statement just hours later, claiming it was just a weather balloon. This sparked (17) and nation-wid

6、e rumors of an alleged government (18) of an alien LIFO that had crashed in the New Mexico desert. No (19) proof has been produced to this day to (20) that theory.（分数：50.00）(1).A. found B. discerned C. discovered D. decided（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. classified B. interesting C. scientific D. fantastic（

7、分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. as long as B. so far C. as far as D. so long（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. strictly B. rarely C. significantly D. exceptionally（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. reasons B. considerations C. explanations D. accounts（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. kinds B. walks C. groups D. ways（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A.

8、however B. therefore C. moreover D. indeed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. exclusive B. popular C. normal D. explicit（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. in B. from C. on D. across（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. on speeds B. with speeds C. at speeds D. in speeds（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. attribute B. appearance C. nature D. icon（

9、分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. Many B. Few C. Some D. No（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. After B. Unless C. If D. Once（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. occupancy B. possession C. ownership D. property（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. got B. issued C. reached D. fixed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. restated B. stressed C. retracted D. retr

10、eated（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. general B. local C. particular D. worth（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. cover-all B. cover-point C. cover-cap D. cover-up（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. Original B. Definitive C. Tentative D. Derivative（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. surpass B. deny C. support D. apprehend（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.Wh

11、ats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you (1) thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom (2) events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four (3) retain any specific, perso

12、nal experiences.A variety of explanations have been (4) by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia“. One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature (5) about the age of two. But the most popular theory (6) that, since adults do n

13、ot think like children, they cannot (7) childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8) one event follows (9) as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10) for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find

14、 any that fits the (11) . Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12) for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply (13) any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, childre

15、n need to learn to use (14) spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly (15) impressions of them into long-term memories. In other (16) , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about (17) Mother talking about the afterno

16、on (18) looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean park. Without this (19) reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20) memories of their personal experiences.（分数：50.00）(1).A. listened B. felt C. touched D. heard（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. involve B. inter

17、pret C. recall D. resolve（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. largely B. rarely C. merely D. really（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. canceled B. figured C. proposed D. witnessed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. until B. once C. after D. since（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. magnifies B. intervenes C. contains D. maintains（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7

18、).A. reflect B. attain C. access D. refer（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. narratives B. forecasts C. regulations D. descriptions（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. the rest B. another C. the other D. others（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. outputs B. dreams C. flashes D. files（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. footstep B. pattern C. frame

19、 D. landscape（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. emphasis B. arrangement C. explanation D. factor（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. arent B. werent C. isnt D. wasnt（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. anyone else B. anyone elses C. someone else D. someone elses（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. forgotten B. remembered C. forgetting D. rememb

20、ering（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. senses B. cases C. words D. means（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. him B. theirs C. it D. them（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. used B. chosen C. taken D. spent（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. habitual B. verbal C. pretty D. mutual（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. permanent B. conscious C. subordinate D.

21、 spiritual（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.考研英语知识运用分类精讲科学技术类-(一)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)A UFO is a general term used for any “unidentified flying object“ in the sky which cannot be (1) by an observer. Most UFOs remain (2) as so even after they have been investigated. The UFO p

22、henomenon dates back (3) the beginning of recorded history, but UFO sightings have (4) increased since the mid 1940s.From UFO videos to UFO pictures, stories and other real life (5) , thousands of people from all (6) of life claim to have seen these mysterious aerial phantoms. Many UFO sightings tur

23、n out to be nothing at all, mere airplanes, meteors or comets; (7) many sightings have gone unsolved for decades or even centuries.The term “flying saucer“ came into (8) use after American Kenneth Arnold claimed a UFO sighting on June 24, 1947 near Mount Rainier, Washington. Arnold claimed to have s

24、een as many as nine brightly lit objects soaring (9) the sky (10) he estimated as up to 1,200 miles per hour. Arnold also reported that the objects appeared to have a disc or “saucer“ (11) . (12) final conclusion has ever been reached in the case.One of the most famous LIFO incidents to date also oc

25、curred in 1947 in Roswell, New Mexico. (13) unidentified debris was recovered from the (14) of a Roswell ranch, the Roswell Army Airfield (15) a statement saying that a “flying disk“ had been discovered. The airfield (16) the statement just hours later, claiming it was just a weather balloon. This s

26、parked (17) and nation-wide rumors of an alleged government (18) of an alien LIFO that had crashed in the New Mexico desert. No (19) proof has been produced to this day to (20) that theory.（分数：50.00）(1).A. found B. discerned C. discovered D. decided（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。A 项和 C项都含有意外发现的意思，考生

27、应注意原句中是 can not be，因此，A 项和 C项显然不符合文意，因为 UFO是被发现的不明飞行物。D 项具有一定迷惑性，但是 decide偏重于经过分析对事物性质所做出的主观判断，如对案件的判决等，而此处是客观辨别是何种事物。故 B项 discern“看出，了解，辨别”符合题意，为正确答案。故正确答案为 B项。(2).A. classified B. interesting C. scientific D. fantastic（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。此处 remain作为系动词使用，意为“仍然是，保持不变”。其后可跟包括形容词和过去分词在内的表

28、语。注意此处选项后的“as so”，指代的是文章第一句内容，这也是决定选项的关键。文章第一句是对 UFO的定义概括，即“不明飞行物”。而选项所在的后半句是一个条件句：“甚至在它们被调查之后”。据此可以组合整句话的意思是：大多数 UFO甚至在被调查之后仍然_如前所述的“不明飞行物”。故 A项符合题意。(3).A. as long as B. so far C. as far as D. so long（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查短语辨析。注意选项空格后的部分所描述的是时间点，呼应了“dates back”，即可追溯到这个时间点。由于这个时间点是距今比较长的，所以 as f

29、ar as“直至所提到之处为止，远到，直到最后”符合题意。故正确答案为 C项。(4).A. strictly B. rarely C. significantly D. exceptionally（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查副词辨析。此处的副词用来修饰 increase，只要正确把握句意，在对四个选项的含义进行区分不难作出正确选择。原句整句话的关键点在于“but”一词的转折意义，前半句意为 UFO现象可追溯至人类有历史记载之初，紧接着的“但是”很明显要引出与前句相对比的意思。四个选项中只有 C项所表达意思符合上下文的逻辑转折，意为自 1940年代中期以来 UFO目击事件

30、_上涨，显然这是一个LIFO漫长历史中的突出现象。故答案为 C项。(5).A. reasons B. considerations C. explanations D. accounts（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。根据文意，把四个选项依次代入文中，只有 account表示“报道、叙述”，符合文意。正确答案为 D项。(6).A. kinds B. walks C. groups D. ways（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查固定搭配。all kinds of life 意为“各种各样的生活或人生”，也可理解为“各种生物”，all walks

31、of life 意为“各行各业，各界人士”，all groups of life 意为“各种生物”，all ways of life是固定搭配，意为“各种生活方式”。仔细阅读原句可知其强调的是用来证明曾目击不明飞行物的故事、图片和说法各种各样，声称看到过 UFO的人也是形形色色、各种背景的都有。故正确答案为 Bwalks。(7).A. however B. therefore C. moreover D. indeed（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。本题所选内容是体现整句内部逻辑关系的关键点，因此解体思路是把握前后两分句的意思和关系。前一个分句意为许多 UFO目击

32、事件最后被证明仅仅是看到了飞机、流星或者彗星，而后一个分句是说另有许多目击事件成为几十年甚至数世纪的悬案。前后两分句的对比性非常明显，分别描述了 UFO目击事件的两种大类型，逻辑关系为转折，故 Ahowever 正确。(8).A. exclusive B. popular C. normal D. explicit（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。本段文字讲述了“飞碟”这一词的由来以及流行的起因，come into popular表示“开始流行”正是对这一事件的描述，故答案为 Bpopular。(9).A. in B. from C. on D. across（分

33、数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查介词辨析。此处选择的关键是注意动词 soar，意为“急速升入高空”，很明显是一个动态的过程，因此 across最能体现物体在天空中从低到高的行进。正确答案为 Dacross。(10).A. on speeds B. with speeds C. at speeds D. in speeds（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查短语辨析。根据本空格所在的原句，空格前面是“阿诺德声称曾经看到多达九个明亮的物体飞过天空”，空格后面是“他估计高达 1200千米每小时”，很显然此句的完整意义是“阿诺德声称曾经看到多达九个明亮的物体以他估计高达

34、 1200千米每小时的速度飞过天空”，所以此空应填短语的意思是“以的速度”。推测出了短语的意思我们再看选项，在 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，只有 Cat speeds是“以的速度”的意思。此外，与此相关的短语还有 at the(a) speed of“以的速度”，at (a) very slow speed“以很慢的速度”，at top speed“以最高速度”。(11).A. attribute B. appearance C. nature D. icon（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。根据原文可知，Arnold 报告中仅对不明飞行物的外观作了笼统的描述，说其

35、是“碟形物”。可知其对 UFO的认知仅停留在远距离外形的目击，远远谈不上对其性质的认识，因此四个选项中只有 B项符合文意。(12).A. Many B. Few C. Some D. No（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。本题后面的内容是“在这件事情上取得最终的结论”。根据上下文所述，文中始终没有对 LIFO得出最终结论或提出合理的解释。所以，此空格应选 DNo，意为“在这件事情上从来没有取得最终的结论”。(13).A. After B. Unless C. If D. Once（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。虽然此句有三个空格，可是

36、根据相关的信息和时间先后顺序，考生仍可以推断出，“复原不明残骸”后，罗斯维尔陆军机场说发现了一个飞碟，所以此句的正确选项为AAfter，其他三个选项皆不符合逻辑和文意。(14).A. occupancy B. possession C. ownership D. property（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。根据句意，“不明残骸在一个罗斯维尔农场被复原”，再看选项，可以确定此空格应填一个跟地产，不动产有关的单词，即强调在一个罗斯维尔农场的里面。这样再回到选项里，通过分析比较，我们发现 Dproperty 最符合文意。(15).A. got B. issued C

37、. reached D. fixed（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。此题推测出空格的词义并不是很难，根据上下文，“在罗斯维尔农场复原一不明残骸后，罗斯维尔陆军机场说发现了一个飞碟”，“说发现了一个飞碟”作为宾语补足语修饰和补充前面的“statement 声明”，由此可见，应是“发布了一个声明，说发现了一个飞碟”。在提供的四个选项中，只有 issue有“发布命令，声明”的意思，所以正确的选项应该是 Bissued。(16).A. restated B. stressed C. retracted D. retreated（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析

38、 考查动词辨析。根据空格所在的上文，“罗斯维尔陆军机场发布了一个声明，说发现了一个飞碟”，下文紧接着又说道：“仅仅一小时后，宣布它只是一个气象气球而已”。由此可见，后面宣布的内容跟前面宣布的内容不同，机场是撤回或取消了原来的声明。根据选项提供的词汇，最合适的选项应为 Cretracted。(17).A. general B. local C. particular D. worth（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。本题意在考查考生对并列结构的把握。本题空格后面的“nation-wide“暗示了所要填入之词与前面的内容存在密切的关系，此句后面还谈到了外来不明飞行物冲

39、入了新墨西哥沙漠，所以此句的最佳选项应为 Blocal，即这引起了地方以及全国范围的谣言。(18).A. cover-all B. cover-point C. cover-cap D. cover-up（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。本句意为：这引起了地方以及全国范围的谣言，即声称政府_了外来不明飞行物冲入了新墨西哥沙漠。如果知道各个选项的含义，此题就容易许多。其他各项放入空格后均不符合文意。答案为 Dcover-up“掩饰，隐藏”。(19).A. Original B. Definitive C. Tentative D. Derivative（分数：2.50

40、）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。上文中提到外来不明飞行物冲入了新墨西哥沙漠，而政府则隐瞒了这种说法，所以对于这一谣言或推测至今还没有定论，即没有确定的证据来证明这一推测，故此题应选BDefinitive。(20).A. surpass B. deny C. support D. apprehend（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。根据上句句意，这引起了地方及全国范围的谣言，即声称政府隐瞒了外来不明飞行物冲入了新墨西哥沙漠。可以推测，仍然没有确定的证据来支持这种谣言或推测。所以，最佳选项应为 Csupport。Whats your earliest c

41、hildhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you (1) thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom (2) events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four (3) retain any specific, personal experiences.A v

42、ariety of explanations have been (4) by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia“. One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature (5) about the age of two. But the most popular theory (6) that, since adults do not think like child

43、ren, they cannot (7) childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8) one event follows (9) as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10) for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fits the

44、(11) . Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12) for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply (13) any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to

45、use (14) spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly (15) impressions of them into long-term memories. In other (16) , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about (17) Mother talking about the afternoon (18) looking for

46、 seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean park. Without this (19) reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20) memories of their personal experiences.（分数：50.00）(1).A. listened B. felt C. touched D. heard（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查动词辨析。从句子结构可知，划线处需要一个动词与 thunder搭配

47、构成动宾词组。thunder“雷”既然是声音，应与 heard搭配，即“听到雷声”。listened 是不及物动词，只有与 to连用才能跟宾语；touched“触摸”和 felt“感觉”，均不符合题意。故选 Dheard。(2).A. involve B. interpret C. recall D. resolve（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。从句子结构可知，划线处需要一个能与 events“发生的事情、事件”构成动宾结构的谓语动词。本文主要是讲儿童的记忆，本段的前半部分提到童年时代的记忆，此处将成年人的记忆力与儿童的记忆力进行对照。谓语动词应是与记忆有关的词

48、，因此正确答案是 Crecall“记起，回想起”。involve 意为“涉及，包含”，主语常为事情或动作；interpret 意为“口译；解释，说明”；resolve意为“决定，打定主意要”，均不符合题意。(3).A. largely B. rarely C. merely D. really（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查副词辨析。此处句意为：正如年龄低于三或四岁的儿童_能记住任何具体的个人经历一样，成年人很少能记起上学前一年或之前发生的事情。just as 意为“正如”，表明主从句之间是顺承的关系。既然修饰主句的是否定副词，那么修饰从句的副词也应具备同样的含义。四个选项

49、中只有rarely“极少，罕见”是否定副词，因此 B项是正确答案。(4).A. canceled B. figured C. proposed D. witnessed（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。本题要求根据上下文及词义搭配选择适当的动词。本句的意思是：针对这种儿童失忆症，心理学家_各种各样的解释。下文具体列举了几种解释。Cproposed 意为“提出”，符合语境。canceled“取消”，不符合上下文的逻辑关系，也不能与 explanations搭配；figured 作动词解时，意为“计算”，不能与 explanations搭配；witnessed 意为“目击，作证”，不符合题意。故选 C项。(5).A. until B. once C. after D. since（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查固定搭配。not until 是固定搭配，意为“直到才“。句意是：大脑中主管记忆的部分直到两岁左右才发育成熟。after“以后”，