【考研类试卷】考研英语705及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语 705 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)News reports often focus on disputes among scientists over the validity of preliminary (untested) data, hypotheses, and models (which by definition are tentative). This aspect of science- 1 because it has not been widely 2 and accep

2、ted-is called frontier science. The media 3 to focus on frontier science because its so-called “breakthroughs“ make good news stories. Just because something is in the 4 of frontier science, 5 , does not mean that it isnt worthy of serious consideration; 6 , such matters need further study to determ

3、ine their 7 . 8 contrast, consensus science consists of data, models, theories, and laws that are widely accepted. This aspect of science is very reliable but is 9 considered newsworthy. The trouble is that the word science is used to 10 both frontier and consensus science, without 11 The media pref

4、erence 12 frontier science gives the public the 13 impression that frontier science 14 very certain conclusions, which may or may not be correct. However, 15 some frontier science is later shown to be unreliable, members of the public often falsely 16 that consensus science is also quite uncertain.

5、We need to take both frontier and consensus science 17 but recognize their differences. One way to find out what scientists generally agree 18 is to seek out reports by scientific bodies that attempt to 19 consensus in 20 areas of science and technology. （分数：1.00）(1).News reports often focus on disp

6、utes among scientists over the validity of preliminary (untested) data, hypotheses, and models (which by definition are tentative). This aspect of science- 1 because it has not been widely 2 and accepted-is called frontier science. The media 3 to focus on frontier science because its so-called “brea

7、kthroughs“ make good news stories. Just because something is in the 4 of frontier science, 5 , does not mean that it isnt worthy of serious consideration; 6 , such matters need further study to determine their 7 . 8 contrast, consensus science consists of data, models, theories, and laws that are wi

8、dely accepted. This aspect of science is very reliable but is 9 considered newsworthy. The trouble is that the word science is used to 10 both frontier and consensus science, without 11 The media preference 12 frontier science gives the public the 13 impression that frontier science 14 very certain

9、conclusions, which may or may not be correct. However, 15 some frontier science is later shown to be unreliable, members of the public often falsely 16 that consensus science is also quite uncertain. We need to take both frontier and consensus science 17 but recognize their differences. One way to f

10、ind out what scientists generally agree 18 is to seek out reports by scientific bodies that attempt to 19 consensus in 20 areas of science and technology. （分数：0.05）A.controversialB.suspiciousC.debatableD.untrustworthyA.checkedB.testedC.approvedD.confirmedA.therebyB.howeverC.moreoverD.notwithstanding

11、A.ratherB.otherwiseC.anywayD.thereforeA.integrityB.availabilityC.reliabilityD.stabilityA.ByB.ToC.OnD.InA.merelyB.oddlyC.fairlyD.rarelyA.referB.indicateC.modifyD.describeA.discriminationB.distinctionC.exceptionD.presumptionA.toB.onC.forD.withA.fancyB.falseC.vividD.virtualA.presentsB.reachesC.provides

12、D.grantsA.preferB.temptC.intendD.tendA.untilB.unlessC.whenD.whileA.imagineB.concludeC.predictD.perceiveA.identicallyB.uniformlyC.cautiouslyD.seriouslyA.onB.toC.withD.inA.summarizeB.systematizeC.recognizeD.revitalizeA.latentB.intactC.oddD.keyA.hedgeB.circleC.realmD.scope二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.0

13、0)1.Outline: 1 ) importance of good health 2 ) ways to keep fit 3 ) my own practices Outline: 1 ) importance of good health 2 ) ways to keep fit 3 ) my own practices （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)We have to realise how old, how very old, we are. Nations are classified as “aged“ when they

14、 have 7 per cent or more of their people aged 65 or above, and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries had become like this. Of the really ancient societies, with over 13 per cent above 65, all are in Northwestern Europe. We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a societ

15、y approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be- at least, for any future that concerns us now. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently recognised. There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause of the

16、high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths. There is the economic principle that the dependency ratio- the degree to which those who cannot earn depend for a living on those who can-is more advantageous in older societies like ours than in the younger societies of the developing world,

17、because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged. There is the appreciation of the historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change. If “revolution“ is a rapid resettlement of the social structure, and if the age composition of

18、the society counts as a very important aspect of that social structure, then there has been a social revolution in European and particularly Western European society within the lifetime of everyone over 50. Taken together, these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged. T

19、hese facts and circumstances had a leading position at a world gathering about aging as a challenge to science and to policy, held at Vichy in France. There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birth rate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than b

20、ecause of any change in the death rate, that we have grown so old. Long life is altering our society, of course, but in experiential terms. We have among us a very much greater experience of continued living than any society that has ever preceded us anywhere, and this will continue. But too much of

21、 that lengthened experience, even in the wealthy West, will be experience of poverty and neglect, unless we do something about it. If you are in your thirties, you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. The older you are now, of c

22、ourse, the greater this proportion will be, and greater still if you are a woman. （分数：1.00）(1).According to the text, really aged societies may include（分数：0.20）A.all developed nations without exception.B.every one of Western European countries.C.Germany, France, and the United Kingdom.D.Sweden, Swit

23、zerland, and the United States.(2).The author argues that the main cause of aged societies is（分数：0.20）A.not so much the decrease in deathrate as the fall in birthrate.B.no more the increase in birthrate than that in deathrate.C.not the drop in deathrate any more than the rise in birthrate.D.as much

24、the growth in birthrate as the decline in deathrate.(3).The author asserts his belief that（分数：0.20）A.the growth in number of the old is liable for the fall in that of the young.B.the unusual statement about the main cause of aged societies is quite valid.C.the greater dependency of babies is subject

25、 to the change in social structure.D.the favorable conditions for continued living are perfect in modern societies.(4).Older societies are superior to younger ones in that（分数：0.20）A.old people are more dependent than babies.B.children are more handicapped than the aged.C.the inactive aged are more r

26、eliable than children.D.infants are more of a handicap than the elderly.(5).The writer is most probably in favor of the statement that（分数：0.20）A.an advanced society is to suffer a gradual change from young to old.B.people near 60 in developed societies may witness social reshaping.C.the world confer

27、ence about aging was held as a challenge to current policy.D.a man aged thirty can expect to live up to sixty, and a woman still longer.Its hardly news anymore that Americans are just too fat. A quick look around the mall, the beach or the crowd at any baseball game will leave no room for doubt:our

28、individual weight problems have become a national crisis. Even so, the actual numbers are shocking. Fully two-thirds of U. S. adults are officially overweight, and about half of those have graduated to full-blown obesity. It wouldnt be such a big deal if the problem were simple aesthetic. But excess

29、 poundage takes a terrible toll on the human body. significantly increasing the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, infertility, and many forms of cancer. The total medical bill for illnesses related to obesity is $117 billion a year-and climbing - and the Journal of the American M

30、edical Association reported that poor diet and physical inactivity could soon overtake tobacco as the leading cause of preventable death in the U. S. Why is it happening? The obvious, almost trivial answer is that we eat too much high-calorie food and dont burn it off with enough exercise. If only w

31、e could change those habits, the problem would go away. But clearly it isnt that easy. Americans pour scores of billions of dollars every year into weight-loss products and health-club memberships. Food and drug companies spend even more trying to find a magic food or drug that will melt the pounds

32、away. Yet the nations collective waistline just keeps growing. Its natural to try to find something to blame - fast-food joints or food manufacturers or even ourselves for having too little willpower. But the ultimate reason for obesity may be rooted deep within our genes. Obedient to the inevitable

33、 laws of evolution, the human race adapted over millions of years to living in a world of scarcity, where it paid to eat every good-tasting thing in sight when you could find it. Although our physiology has stayed pretty much the same for the past 50,000 years or so,we humans have utterly transforme

34、d our environment. Over the past century especially, technology has almost completely removed physical exercise from the day-to-day lives of most Americans. At the same time, it has filled supermarket shelves with cheap, mass-produced, good-tasting food that is packed with calories. And finally, tec

35、hnology has allowed advertisers to deliver constant, virtually irresistible messages that say “Eat this now“ to everyone old enough to watch TV. This artificial environment is most pervasive in the U. S. and other industrialized countries, and thats exactly where the fat crisis is most acute. （分数：1.

36、00）(1). The author warns that overweight has（分数：0.20）A.become an obsolete source of news.B.been a common concern in the U. S.C.developed into a critical condition.D.grown into a threat to the nation.(2).The text arranges obesity according to（分数：0.20）A.class.B.size.C.grade.D.rank.(3). Fat crisis seem

37、s to result chiefly from（分数：0.20）A.failure to check fast food joints.B.super-affluent living conditions.C.defects of most weight-loss drugs.D.variable eating habits of humans.(4).According to the 2nd paragraph,（分数：0.20）A.obese individuals appear simply unsightly.B.losing a pound of excess weight is

38、very costly.C.obesity bears liability for most human deaths.D.overweight has appalling effect on our health.(5).All of the following directly account for obesity EXCLUDING（分数：0.20）A.most nourishing diet.B.less drain on strength.C.a lot of extra body fat.D.labor-saving technology.Much of the language

39、 used to describe monetary policy, such as“ steering the economy to a soft landing“ or“ a touch on the brakes“, makes it sound Like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy

40、changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel. Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Aver

41、age inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is also less than most

42、 forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is

43、running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan, over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Bri

44、tain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially Americas ,have little productive slack. Americas capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimate

45、s of the natural rate of unemploymentthe rate below which inflation has taken off in the past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic mo

46、dels that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. （分数：1.00）(1). From the passage we learn that _ .（分数：0.25）A.there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest ratesB.economy will always follow certain modelsC.the economic situation is better than expectedD.eco

47、nomists had foreseen the present economic situation(2).According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：0.25）A.Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car.B.An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.C.A high unemployment rate will result from inflation.D.Interest r

48、ates have an immediate effect on the economy.(3). The sentence“ This is no flash in the pan“ ( Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that _.（分数：0.25）A.the low inflation rate will last for some timeB.the inflation rate will soon riseC.the inflation will disappear quicklyD.there is no inflation at present(4). Th

49、e passage shows that the author is _ the present situation.（分数：0.25）A.critical ofB.puzzled byC.disappointed atD.amazed atWhat accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early Americabreakthroughs such as the telegraph ,the steamboat and the weaving machine? Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology ;the pr