【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷291及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 291 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people

2、 involved in prominent cases (1)_ trial of Rosemary West. In a significant (2)_ of legal controls over the press. Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a (3)_ bill that will propose making payments to witnesses (4)_ and will strictly control the amount of (5)_ that can be given to a case

3、(6)_ a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he (7)_ with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not (8)_ sufficient control. (9)_ of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a (10)_ o

4、f media protest when he said the (11)_ of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges (12)_ to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which (13)_ the European Convention on Human Rights legally (14)_ in Britain, laid down that every

5、body was (15)_ to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands (16)_ our British judges,“ he said. Witness payments became an (17)_ after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were (18)

6、_ to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised (19)_ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to (20)_ guilty verdicts.（分数：40.00）A.as toB.for instanceC.in particularD.such asA.tighteningB.intensifyingC.focusingD.fasteningA.sketchB.

7、roughC.preliminaryD.draftA.illogicalB.illegalC.improbableD.improperA.publicityB.penaltyC.popularityD.peculiarityA.sinceB.ifC.beforeD.asA.sidedB.sharedC.compliedD.agreedA.presentB.offerC.manifestD.indicateA.ReleaseB.PublicationC.PrintingD.ExposureA.stormB.rageC.flareD.flashA.translationB.interpretati

8、onC.exhibitionD.demonstrationA.better thanB.other thanC.rather thanD.sooner thanA.changesB.makesC.setsD.turnsA.bindingB.convincingC.restrainingD.sustainingA.authorizedB.creditedC.entitledD.qualifiedA.withB.toC.fromD.byA.impactB.incidentC.inferenceD.issueA.statedB.remarkedC.saidD.toldA.whatB.whenC.wh

9、ichD.thatA.assureB.confideC.ensureD.guarantee二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Populations tend to grow at an exponential rate. This means that th

10、ey progressively double. As an example of this type of growth rate, take one penny and double it every day for one month. After the first week, you would have only 64 cents, but after the fourth week you would have over a million dollars. This helps explain why the population has come on “all of a s

11、udden“. It took from the beginning of human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then it took from 1830 to 1930 for world population to reach 2 billion. The next billion was added by 1960, only thirty y

12、ears, and in 1975 world population reached 4 billion, which is another billion people in only Fifteen years. World population is increasing at a rate of 9,000 per hour, 220,000 per day, 80 million per year. This is not only due to higher birth rates, but to lower death rates as well. The number of b

13、irths has not declined at the same rate as the number of deaths. Some countries, such as Columbia, Thailand, Morocco, Costa Rica, and the Philippines, are doubling their populations about every twenty-one years, with a growth rate of 3.3 percent a year or more. The United States is doubling its popu

14、lation about every eighty-seven years, with a rate of 0.8 percent per year. Every time a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including hospitals, schools, resources, food and medicines to care for its people. It is easy to see that this is very difficult to ac

15、hieve for the more rapidly growing countries.（分数：10.00）(1).This passage chiefly discusses _.（分数：2.00）A.the growth of world populationB.one type of the exponential rateC.the population problem of more rapidly growing countriesD.the possible ways of dealing with the rapid population growth(2).Accordin

16、g to the passage, what helps to explain why the population problem has come on “all of a sudden“?（分数：2.00）A.The penny which doubles itself every day for one month.B.The time span of at least two million years in human history.C.An illustration of the exponential growth rate given by the author.D.The

17、 large amount of money you would luckily make after the fourth week.(3).It took _ for the world to increase its population from 1 billion to 4 billion.（分数：2.00）A.100 yearsB.145 yearsC.1975 yearsD.Over two million years(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.World population is i

18、ncreasing at a rate of 150 per minute.B.Lower death rates also contribute to world population growth.C.The population of Columbia has been doubling every year for 21 years.D.The United States is usually doubling its population about every 87 years.(5).When a population doubles, the country involved

19、needs twice as much of everything, including _.（分数：2.00）A.hospitals and medicinesB.schools and studentsC.food and manpower resourcesD.all of the aboveWomen are, on the whole, more verbal than men. They are good at language and verbal reasoning, while men tend to be skilled at tasks demanding visual

20、spatial abilities. In fact, along with aggression, these are the most commonly accepted differences between the sexes. Words are tools for communicating with other people, especially information about people. They are mainly social tools. Visual and spatial abilities are good for imagining and manip

21、ulating objects and for communicating information about them. Are these talents programmed into the brain? In some of the newest and most controversial research in neurophysiology, it has been suggested that when it comes to the brain, males are specialists while women are generalists. But no one kn

22、ows what, if anything, this means in terms of the abilities of the two sexes. Engineering is both visual and spatial, and it“s true that there are relatively few women engineers. But women become just as skilled as men at shooting a rifle or driving a car, tasks that involve visual spatial skills. T

23、hey also do equally well at programming a computer, which is neither visual nor spatial. Women do, however, seem less likely to fall in love with the objects themselves. We all know men for whom machines seem to be extensions of their identity. A woman is more likely to see her car, rifle, or comput

24、er as a useful tool, but not in itself fascinating.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, women are usually good at _.（分数：2.00）A.body languageB.logical reasoningC.tasks demanding for the use of wordsD.both A and B(2).The word “accepted“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph roughly means _.（分

25、数：2.00）A.believedB.assumedC.receivedD.reconciled(3).In the author“s opinion, visual and spatial abilities are good for _.（分数：2.00）A.achieving one“s objectsB.mind and bodyC.programming talents into the brainD.imagination and communication(4).All the following tasks involve visual spatial skills EXCEP

26、T _.（分数：2.00）A.imagining and handling objectsB.providing a computer with a set of instructionsC.shooting a gun and driving an automobileD.planning and making things as an engineer does(5).Why do women seem less likely to fall in love with the objects themselves?（分数：2.00）A.Because they have no visual

27、 spatial skills.B.Because they are only good at language and verbal reasoning.C.Because they are less likely to see their charming or interesting aspects.D.Because they rarely use machines such as cars, titles, computers, etc.Investment in the public sector, such as electricity, irrigation, public s

28、ervices and transport (excluding vehicles, ships and planes) increased by about 10%, although the emphasis moved to the transport and away from the other sectors mentioned. Trade and services recorded a 16%17% investment growth, including a 30% increase in investment in business premises. Industrial

29、 investment is estimated to have risen by 8%. Although the share of agriculture in total gross in vestment in the economy continued to decline, investment grew 9% in absolute terms, largely spurred on by a 23% expansion of investment in agricultural equipment. Housing construction had 12% more inves

30、ted in it in 1964, not so much owing to increased demand, as to fears of new taxes and limitation of building. Total consumption in real terms rose by close on 11% during 1964, and per capital personal consumption by under 7%, as in 1963. The undesirable trend towards a rapid rise in consumption, ev

31、ident in previous years, remained unaltered. Since at current prices consumption rose by 16% and disposable income by 13%, there was evidently a fall in the rate of saving in the private sector of the economy. Once again consumption patterns indicated a swift advance in the standard of living. Expen

32、diture on food declined in significance, although consumption of fruit increased. Spending on furniture and household equipment, health, education and recreation continued to increase. The greatest proof of altered living standards was the rapid expansion of expenditure on transport(including privat

33、e cars) and personal services of all kinds, which occurred during 1964. The progressive wealth of large sectors of the public was demonstrated by the changing composition of durable goods purchased. Saturation point was rapidly being approached for items such as the first household radio, gas cooker

34、s, and electric, refrigerators, whereas increasing purchases of automobiles and television sets were registered.（分数：10.00）(1).the author thinks that the trend towards a rapid rise in consumption was “undesirable“ because _.（分数：2.00）A.people saved lessB.people were wealthyC.people consumed lessD.expe

35、nditures on luxuries increased(2).Expenditure increased on all the following consumption EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.foodB.automobilesC.educationD.entertainment(3).It can be inferred from the increase of fruit consumption that _.（分数：2.00）A.people had to spend more on transportation and furnitureB.people wer

36、e more health consciousC.people were more money consciousD.the price of fruit dropped dramatically(4).The word“ registered“ in the last line most probably means _（分数：2.00）A.markedB.approachedC.listedD.booked(5).From this passage, we learn that the people _.（分数：2.00）A.spend more money than they earne

37、dB.saved more money than previouslyC.spent their money wiselyD.invested and consumed at an accelerated paceAnthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which di

38、stinguish one community from all others that belong to a different tradition. The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study more other societies than our own. For its purposes any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant

39、 as our own, though it may be that of the Sea Dyaks, and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologist, our customs and those of a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for dealing with a common problem, arid in so far as he remains an anthropolog

40、ist he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other, lie is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object

41、 is to understand the way in which these cultures change and differentiated, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the individuals. Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great mome

42、nt. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one pe

43、rson can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, we can say that an

44、thropology _.（分数：2.00）A.can deal with human beings as one group of the creatures in the living worldB.can reveal an enormous diversity of traditionsC.can provide insights into the relationship between human beings and natureD.can distinguish the human race from other creatures(2).For serious study,

45、an anthropologist _.（分数：2.00）A.must not study his own cultureB.is not supposed to have a prejudice against any societyC.should focus on those societies which are historically related to each otherD.is obliged to work only on those societies which have no historical relationship to each other(3).In t

46、he third paragraph, the author is trying _.（分数：2.00）A.to be critical of customB.to say that anthropology is more important than psychologyC.to strengthen the role custom plays in experience and beliefD.to draw our attention to the importance of custom(4).Which of the following does the author most p

47、robably agree with?（分数：2.00）A.The goal of the anthropologist is to understand the way in which people express themselves.B.The anthropologist tries to understand why cultures are carried on without any change.C.The anthropologist“s professional interest is as wide as the variety of customs.D.All of

48、the above.(5).Which of the following is the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Human behavior.B.Creatures of Society.C.The Science of Custom.D.The Functions of Cultures.4.Part B_In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choi