【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷287及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 287及答案解析(总分：154.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Humans are unique in the extent to which they can reflect on themselves and others. Hu

2、mans are a-ble to 1 , to think in abstract terms, to reflect on the future. A meaningless, 2 world is an insecure world. We do not like extensive insecurity. When it 3 to human behavior we infer meaning and 4 to make the behavior understandable. What all this means is that people develop “quasi theo

3、ries“ of human behavior, that is, theories that are not developed in an objective, scientific 5 When doing so, people believe they know 6 humans do the things they do. Let“s consider an example. In the United States people have been 7 with the increasing amount of crime for several years. The extent

4、 of crime bothers us; we ourselves could be 8 But what also bothers us is that people behave in such ways. Why can such things happen? We develop quasi theories. We 9 concerned about the high crime rate, but we now believe we 10 it; our criminal justice system is 11 ; people have grown selfish and i

5、nconsiderate as our moral values 12 from the influence of liberal ideas; too many people are 13 drugs. These explanations suggest possible solutions. 14 the courts; put more people in jail as 15 to other law breakers. There is hope that the problem of crime can be solved if only we 16 these solution

6、s. Again, the world is no longer meaningless nor 17 so threatening. These quasi theories 18 serve a very important function for us. But how accurate are they? How 19 will the suggested solutions be? These questions must be answered 20 how people normally go about developing or attaining their quasi

7、theories of human behavior.（分数：40.00）A.understandB.reasonC.meditateD.reckonA.unanimousB.unimaginableC.disorganizedD.unpredictableA.comesB.getsC.goesD.amountsA.initiativesB.illustrationC.conclusionsD.motivesA.meansB.mediumC.mannerD.approachA.whetherB.howC.whenD.whyA.concernedB.worriedC.disturbedD.inv

8、olvedA.preysB.victimsC.casualtiesD.sacrificesA.retainB.maintainC.remainD.refrainA.knowB.understandC.comprehendD.graspA.deficientB.precautiousC.destructiveD.inadequateA.weakenB.shrinkC.circumscribeD.evadeA.withB.againstC.forD.onA.StrengthenB.StiffenC.IntensifyD.ConsolidateA.examplesB.modelsC.casesD.s

9、amplesA.see toB.work outC.act onD.come up withA.quiteB.ratherC.veryD.muchA.moreoverB.otherwiseC.neverthelessD.thereforeA.effectiveB.efficientC.proficientD.sufficientA.with respect toB.as a result ofC.on behalf ofD.in line with二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：12，分数：70.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_

10、3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._When stars like our Sun die, they bloat to become red giants and then eject gigantic clouds of gas and dust into space. Increasingly, however, scientists found themselves at a profound l

11、oss to explain how exactly dying stars could blow away these clouds. Now astrophysicists propose that unexpected chemical reactions during the formation of stardust could help solve this mystery. Stars smaller than the Sun and up to eight times as massive die by swelling up into red giants before sh

12、edding most of their mass to shrink into very compact, dying embers(灰烬) called white dwarfs. Two kinds of red giants exist-those with lots of carbon, and others richer in oxygen than in carbon. Carbon-rich stars release carbon particles during their death throes. Scientists proposed these pitch-blac

13、k grains absorb rays from the dying star and get shot into space by starlight, a theory that fit both the observations and computer models. Increasingly, however, researchers could not explain how oxygen-rich stars like our own Sun could propel their clouds away during the final stages of mass loss.

14、 Oxygen-rich stars create large quantities of water vapor and silicates, such as quartz(石英砂) or sand. These are transparent, meaning starlight should go right through them. Possible solutions have been contemplated by scientists. They first pondered whether the silicates might have iron in them, whi

15、ch would render them opaque instead of transparent. But calculations showed the dust grains would have evaporated if they had iron in them. They next wondered if enough molecules surrounded the core of a dying oxygen-rich star to block out its light and thus create a wind that blew the star“s outerm

16、ost layer into space. But their models suggested these molecules could not block off enough light and create strong enough Rinds. The scientists then suggested that pulsations occurred when stars die could perhaps force a star“s matter out, but this idea did not match with astronomers“ observations.

17、 But inspiration then dawned upon them. Perhaps some of the carbon in the oxygen-rich stars could help force the outer layers of the stars into space. They believe shock waves from the pulsations of dying stars could make carbon in oxygen-rich stars form pitch-black dust. “The theory fits with all o

18、ur subsequent model calculations, and it matches observations from dying oxygen-rich red giants“. Moreover“, this mechanism strongly favors the presence of magnesium silicates over iron silicates in the interstellar medium“, in agreement with recent findings from NASA“s comet-sampling Stardust space

19、 probe. If proven correct, the beauty of the new scenario is that it suggests a common driving mechanism for many dying stars shedding their mass via dusty winds“, with possible long-reaching consequences for the origin of chemical elements relevant for life“.（分数：10.00）(1).By introducing the theory

20、of red giant, the author intends to _（分数：2.00）A.explain-the possible way of death of our Sun.B.show the two types of red giants.C.discuss on the way of red giants to become white dwarfs.D.explore the origin of life.(2).Which of the following is true of the text?（分数：2.00）A.There are more than two typ

21、es of red giants.B.Carbon-rich star releases carbon when it dies.C.Stardust mainly consists of carbon, iron and silicon.D.Star reposes during the process of death.(3).When our Sun dies, it may _（分数：2.00）A.shed most of its mass to the space and shrink into a dwarf directly.B.break up into pure water

22、and sand.C.blow its transparent outermost layer into space by starlight.D.bloat to a red giant and make carbon from pitch-black dust.(4).According to the author, the new discovery about Oxygen-rich red giants _（分数：2.00）A.is significant for the explanation of the origin of life.B.can prevent the Sun

23、from death.C.is able to well describe the death of white dwarfs.D.has been proven to be true.(5).The major component of the “pitch-black dust“(Line 5, Paragraph 3) should be _（分数：2.00）A.iron.B.magnesium.C.silicate.D.carbon.With 22 years on the job, Jackie Bracey could be considered a career employee

24、 of the Internal Revenue Service. But she defies any stereotype of an over-eager agent running down a reluctant taxpayer. Instead, she spends her time defending people who owe the government money. Ms. Bracey, based in Greensboro N. C., is a taxpayer advocate, a created by Congress in 1998 as part o

25、f the kinder, gentler theme adopted by the tax collection agency. Bracey and advocates at 73 Other offices nationwide, backed by 2,100 field workers and staff, go to bat for taxpayers who are in financial straits because of something the agency has done or is about to do. Though it may seem contrary

26、 to the IRS, the advocate service not only helps taxpayers, but identifies procedural problems. The main goal, though, is for the ombudsman to step into a dispute a taxpayer is having with the IRS when it appears that something the IRS is doing, or planning, would create an undue hardship on the tax

27、payer. This can range from speeding up resolution of a dispute that has dragged on too long, to demanding that the IRS halt a collection action that the taxpayer can show he or she “is suffering or is about to suffer a significant hardship.” Taxpayer ombudsmen have been around in one form or another

28、 since 1979, says Nina Olson, the national taxpayer advocate. But they were given much more power in 1998 when Congress decided that the workers would no longer report to regional directors but to her office. While this gave them a great deal more authority, outside watchdogs say more can be done. “

29、There is a long way to go to get an agency that feels independent and emboldened to work for taxpayers”, says Joe Seep, a vice president of the Washington-based tax-advocacy group. The taxpayers union also has complained that Congress and the Bush administration dont seem to be taking the advocates

30、seriously enough. Each year, the IRS group reports to Congress on the top problems that advocates see. Many of these are systemic problems that can gum up the works for both taxpayer and collector, such as a December notice from Ms. Olson that the IRS should have just one definition of a dependent c

31、hild, rather than the three definitions currently used. While taxpayer advocates can help smooth things out in many cases, they cannot ignore laws. If taxpayers havent made legitimate claims for credits, theres nothing the advocate can do to reverse that course. And Olson says that while taxpayers a

32、re free to use her service, they should keep in mind that it does not replace the normal appeals process and should be the last place a citizen calls upon for help, not the first. “Were really there for .when the processes fall down,” she says. Every state has at least one taxpayer-advocate service

33、office.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the main task of tax advocates is（分数：2.00）A.to chase and collect tax from reluctant taxpayers.B.to cooperate with field workers and support staff.C.to help taxpayers and find problems in IRS work.D.to negotiate with National Taxpayers Union.(2).The advocat

34、e service “may seem contrary to the IRS” (Line 1, Para. 2) because（分数：2.00）A.it works for the National Taxpayers Union.B.it often finds faults with their own work.C.it speeds up a collection action.D.it always criticizes IRS on behalf of taxpayers.(3).According to Paragraph 3, which of the following

35、 is correct?（分数：2.00）A.Taxpayer ombudsmen have been around and given much power since 1979.B.Taxpayers had to report to the regional directors before 1998.C.Taxpayers have no worries since 1998.D.More efforts are needed before an independent agency is established.(4).The phrase “gum up the works” (L

36、ine 3, Para. 4) probably mean（分数：2.00）A.to impair the benefits.B.to bring about solutions.C.to lead to trouble.D.to improve the relations.(5).When Olson say “Were really there for when the processes fall down” (Line 4, Para. 5), she means that（分数：2.00）A.they will provide help whenever taxpayers make

37、 claims.B.they will get involved in the normal appeals process.C.they will offer counseling when citizen calls.D.they will give help when procedural problems occur.Media mogul Ted Turner yesterday sold more than half of his AOL Time Warner Inc. holdings for about $780 million, a move that reflects h

38、is efforts to slash his financial stake in the media giant. After the close of regular trading yesterday, Turner sold a block of 60 million shares to Goldman Sachs 2) sometimes there is no sound, and the color is not stable; 3) Customer First, Service Best. You should write about 100 words. Do not s

39、ign up your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address.（分数：2.00）_10.Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information._11.Write an essay of 160 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)

40、 describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comment.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) （分数：2.00）_考研英语-试卷 287答案解析(总分：154.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the

41、best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Humans are unique in the extent to which they can reflect on themselves and others. Humans are a-ble to 1 , to think in abstract terms, to reflect on the future. A meaningless, 2 world is an insecure world. We do not like exten

42、sive insecurity. When it 3 to human behavior we infer meaning and 4 to make the behavior understandable. What all this means is that people develop “quasi theories“ of human behavior, that is, theories that are not developed in an objective, scientific 5 When doing so, people believe they know 6 hum

43、ans do the things they do. Let“s consider an example. In the United States people have been 7 with the increasing amount of crime for several years. The extent of crime bothers us; we ourselves could be 8 But what also bothers us is that people behave in such ways. Why can such things happen? We dev

44、elop quasi theories. We 9 concerned about the high crime rate, but we now believe we 10 it; our criminal justice system is 11 ; people have grown selfish and inconsiderate as our moral values 12 from the influence of liberal ideas; too many people are 13 drugs. These explanations suggest possible so

45、lutions. 14 the courts; put more people in jail as 15 to other law breakers. There is hope that the problem of crime can be solved if only we 16 these solutions. Again, the world is no longer meaningless nor 17 so threatening. These quasi theories 18 serve a very important function for us. But how a

46、ccurate are they? How 19 will the suggested solutions be? These questions must be answered 20 how people normally go about developing or attaining their quasi theories of human behavior.（分数：40.00）A.understandB.reason C.meditateD.reckon解析：解析：本文主要讲述人们对问题的思考能力，又根据该句中的并列成分“to think in abstract terms，to

47、reflect on the future”，可知答案为 reason，意为“推理”。Aunderstand 需要加宾语才符合语法；Cmeditate“深思，默想”，常跟 on或 upon引出宾语；Dreckon“预料，料想”，常跟that引出宾语从句。A.unanimousB.unimaginableC.disorganizedD.unpredictable 解析：解析：与 meaningless并列的合理选项为 unpredictable，意为“不可预测的”，其他选项均不符合文意。Aunanimous“一致同意的”；Bunimaginable“不可想象的”；Cdisorganized“杂乱无章的”。A.comes B.getsC.goesD.amounts解析：解析：when it comes to 为惯用法搭配，其他选项均不符合用法。A.initiativesB.illustrationC.conclusionsD.motives 解析：解析：要想理解人类行为需要揣摩他们的意义和动机，故选 motives，意为“目的，动机”，其他选项均不符合文意。Ainitiatives“首创能力”；Billustrations“说明，图解”；Cco