【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷128及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 128及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_A common assumption about the private sector in education is that it caters only to th

2、e elite. (1)_, recent research points in the opposite direction. If we want to help some of most (2)_ groups in society, then encouraging deeper private sector (3)_ is likely to be the best way forward. Several developments are (4)_ in India, all of which involve the private education sector meeting

3、 the needs of the poor in distinct ways. But India is not (5)_ in this respectsimilar phenomena are happening all over the developing world. As a point of (6)_, how do government schools serve the poor? Usefully, the government sponsored Public Report on Basic Education in India from 1999 paints a v

4、ery (7)_ picture of the“ (8)_ “of the government schools for the poor. When researchers (9)_ unannounced on their random (10)_ of schools, only 5% had any “teaching activity“ going on. Alarmingly, the team noted that the (11)_ of teaching standards was not to do (12)_ disempowered teachers, but inst

5、ead could be (13)_ “plain negligence“. They noted “several cases of irresponsible teachers keeping a school close for months at a time“. But is there any (14)_ to these school? Surely no one else can do better than government (15)_ the resources available. As it happens, the Report pointed to privat

6、e schools that were serving the poor and (16)_ rather reluctantly that such problems were not found in these schools. Most parents believed that private schools were successful because they were more accountable. “The teachers are accountable to the manager who can fire them, and, (17)_ him or her,

7、to the parents who can (18)_ their children.“ Such accountability was not present in the government schools, and “this contrast is (19)_ with crystal (20)_ by the vast majority of parents“.（分数：40.00）A.In additionB.On the contraryC.In effectD.In generalA.disadvantagedB.disabledC.discriminatedD.privil

8、egedA.engagementB.intercourseC.investmentD.involvementA.ongoingB.outgoingC.precedingD.underwayA.uniqueB.unparalleledC.exclusiveD.onlyA.departureB.viewC.discussionD.debateA.desolateB.bleakC.ingeniousD.delicateA.disorganizationB.breakdownC.malfunctioningD.disorderA.calledB.decidedC.tookD.lookedA.speci

9、menB.exampleC.designationD.sampleA.deprivationB.deformationC.deficiencyD.deteriorationA.withoutB.aboutC.forD.withA.attributed toB.resulted fromC.followed byD.accounted forA.alternativeB.optionC.substituteD.preferenceA.thinkingB.supposingC.supposeD.givenA.acquaintedB.admittedC.allowedD.permittedA.toB

10、.byC.withD.throughA.retreatB.revokeC.withdrawD.recallA.conceivedB.maintainedC.retainedD.perceivedA.clarityB.transparencyC.densityD.purity二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b

11、y choosing A, B, C or D._Shortly after September 11th, President Bushes father observed that just as Pearl Harbor awakened this country from the notion that we could somehow avoid the call of duty to defend freedom in Europe and Asia in World War Two, so, too, should this most recent surprise attack

12、 erase the concept in some quarters that America can somehow go it alone in the fight against terrorism or in anything else for that matter. But America“s allies have begun to wonder whether that is the lesson that has been learnedor whether the Afghanistan campaign“s apparent success shows that uni

13、lateralism works just fine. The United States, that argument goes, is so dominant that it can largely afford to go it alone. It is true that no nation since Rome has loomed so large above the others, but even Rome eventually collapsed. Only a decade ago, the conventional wisdom lamented an America i

14、n decline. Bestseller lists featured books that described America“s fall. Japan would soon become “Number One“. That view was wrong at the time, and when I wrote “Bound to Lead“ in 1989, I, like others, predicted the continuing rise of American power. But the new conventional wisdom that America is

15、invincible is equally dangerous if it leads to a foreign policy that combines unilateralism, arrogance and parochialism. A number of advocates of “realist“ international-relations theory have also expressed concern about America“s staying power. Throughout history, coalitions of countries have arise

16、n to balance dominant powers, and the search for traditional shifts in the balance of power and new state challengers is well under way. Some see China as the new enemy; others envisage a Russia-China-India coalition as the threat. But even if China maintains high growth rates of 6% while the United

17、 States achieves only 20%, it will not equal the United States in income per head until the last half of the century. Still others see a uniting Europe as a potential federation that will challenge the United States for primacy. But this forecast depends on a high degree of European political unity,

18、 and a low state of transatlantic relations. Although realists raise an important point about the leveling of power in the international arena, their quest for new cold-war-style challengers is largely barking up the wrong tree. They are ignoring deeper changes in the distribution and nature of powe

19、r in the contemporary world. The paradox of American power in the 21st century is that the largest power since Rome cannot achieve its objectives unilaterally in a global information age.（分数：10.00）(1).The author begins his article with George Bush“s father“s words（分数：2.00）A.to warm of the doom of a

20、terrorist attack.B.to criticize Americans“ unilaterialism.C.to call on Americans to defend freedom.D.to show the primacy of US economy.(2).The advocates of realist international relations tend to think that（分数：2.00）A.potential federation will pose a challenge to U.S. primacy.B.Japan is a positive ex

21、ample for the U.S. to follow.C.U.S. will maintain its staying power in information age.D.America can go it alone in the fight against terrorism.(3).The attitude of those who are “barking up the wrong tree“ towards the primacy of US in the 21st century seems to be（分数：2.00）A.Indifferent.B.Optimistic.C

22、.Indignant.D.Apprehensive.(4).The example of a Russia-China-India coalition is used to show（分数：2.00）A.a sign of arrogance.B.an example of empires.C.a potential federation.D.an advocate of challengers.(5).What does the author think of unilateralism?（分数：2.00）A.It underlies power.B.It is to be pursued

23、enthusiastically.C.It is second to terrorism.D.It is to be dealt with cautiously.Can this be the right time to invest in luxury goods? Miuccia Prada was obviously biting her nails. The granddaughter of the founder of the Italian fashion group has just opened spectacular new stores in quick successio

24、n in New York and London. With its magic mirrors, silver displays and computer-controlled changing rooms, Prada“s two-month-old shop in Manhattan cost a staggering $40m, sits just a mile from Ground Zero, and sells practically nothing. The luxury-goods business has been in despair in hasty successio

25、n against a background of a weakening global economy, an enduring slump in Japanese spending, and the September 11th terrorist attacks. The Japanese, who used to buy a third of the world“s luxury goods, cut their foreign travel in half after the attacks and tightened their Louis Vuitton purse-string

26、s. At the same time, wealthy Americans stopped flying, which has a dramatic effect on the luxury-goods purveyors of London, Paris and Rome. At home too, Americans“attitudes to luxury changed, at least temporarily. “Conspicuous abstention“ replaced greedy consumerism among the fast-growing, younger b

27、reed of newly rich. The decline in job security, the lower bonuses in financial services, and the stock market bust that wiped out much of the paper wealth generated in the late 1990s, bred a new frugality. Sales of expensive jewelry, watches and handbagsthe products that make the juiciest profits f

28、or the big luxury-goods groupsdropped sharply. The impact has been most striking among the handful of large, quoted luxury-goods companies. France“s Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy (LVMH), the industry leader, issued four profits warnings after September 11th and ended up reporting a 20% decline in oper

29、ating profit for 2001, after having repeatedly promised its investors double-digit growth; and Italy“s Gucci Group, the third largest, announced this week that second-half profits dropped by 33%. Meanwhile, privately held Prada had to postpone its stock market flotation and was forced to sell a rece

30、ntly acquired stake in Fendi, a prestigious Italian bag maker, in order to reduce its debts. Luxury is an unusual business. A luxury brand cannot be extended indefinitely: if it becomes too common, it is devalued, as Pierre Cardin and Ralph Lauren proved by sticking their labels on everything from T

31、-shirts to paint. Equally, a brand name can be undermined if it is not advertised consistently, or if it is displayed and sold poorly. Sagra Maceira de Rosen, a luxury-goods analyst at J.P. Morgan, argues that, “Luxury companies are primarily retailers. In retailing, the most important thing is exec

32、ution, and execution is all about management. You may have the best designed product, but if you don“t get it into the right kind of shop at the right time, you will fail.“（分数：10.00）(1).By “Miuccia Prada was obviously biting her nails“(Paragraph 1), the author means（分数：2.00）A.Prada is in a desperate

33、 situation.B.Prada is notorious for her hasty execution.C.Prada is always in her bad habit.D.Prada is too much engaged in her work.(2).What is the attitude of consumers towards luxury goods in the present situation?（分数：2.00）A.Carefree.B.Panicked.C.Cautious.D.Confused.(3).It can learned from the text

34、 that（分数：2.00）A.Excessive advertisement resulted in the failure of Prada“s investment.B.Luxury companies must give thought to the impact of terrorist attacks.C.Execution is nothing but an auxiliary part of business management.D.Outsiders always hold some misconceptions of luxury-goods business.(4).W

35、hen mentioning “double-digit growth“(Paragraph 4), the author is talking about（分数：2.00）A.rewards reaped from investment in real estate.B.bonuses generated in the stock market flotation.C.estimated assets of newly-opened stores.D.operating profits in luxury-goods business.(5).To which of the followin

36、g is the author likely to agree?（分数：2.00）A.Opening new stores, on the horizon.B.More ventures bring more rewards.C.Tight the belt, the single remedy.D.Not every cloud has silver linings.When and how much? Those are the questions on the lips of investors, bondholders, and other Federal Reserve watche

37、rs. The Fed kept interest rates on hold at its Mar. 19 meeting. But the accompanying statement, in which the Fed abandoned its view that economic weakness was the greatest risk in the outlook, makes it clear that policymakers are thinking about the timing of rate hikes in order to bring monetary pol

38、icy back to a neutral stance. Even so, there are other factors that argue for some rise in short-term ratesperhaps as early as June, as Wall Street expects. While the Fed“s words lessen the chances of a rate hike at the May meeting, they do not set the criteria for a possible hike at the June 25-26

39、meeting. The latest data seem to come down on the “evenly mixed“ scenario. Businesses are backing off from last year“s feverish pace of stock-cutting, but domestic demand is holding up. Factories are busier in response to rising orders. In particular, the makers of tech equipment are boosting output

40、 at a rapid clip. At the same time, the wider trade gap in January suggests that some of the inventory swing is benefiting foreign producers. Keep in mind that a bigger trade gap subtracts from economic growth, but a rise in U.S. imports is necessary to give rise to a global rebound. That will event

41、ually boost exports as well and help to better align monetary policy around the world. The Fed“s decision to shift to a neutral stance was probably made easier by the latest good news on industrial production. Output at factories, utilities, and mines increased 0.4% in February on top of a 0.2% Janu

42、ary gain, which was first reported as a 0.1% loss. Manufacturing output rose 0.3% in each month, the best showing since mid-2000. Surprisingly, the long-ailing tech sector is leading the charge. Tech production is growing at a double-digit annual rate in the first quarter, vs. almost no gain in the

43、rest of manufacturing. But even that small rise in nontech manufacturing is a vast improvement from the steep declines of the previous six quarters. Just as tech is fueling the rebound in U.S. factory activity, tech imports are leading the import rise. Incoming shipments of tech goods jumped 14.6% i

44、n January, suggesting stronger capital spending. As demand picks up, the Fed will want to remove itself from the equation of economic pluses and minuses. Step One was the shift in its view of the outlook. Step Two will be a series of rate hikes that will bring policy more in line with sustainable ec

45、onomic growth.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, the American economy（分数：2.00）A.is nowhere near a sustainable growth.B.is at its weakest point.C.is near to complete recovery at hand.D.is much better than it seems.(2).The strong tone of US economic recovery is manifested in（分数：2.00）A.the downsizi

46、ng in manufacturing industries.B.the sharp increase in tech-sector production.C.the incoming shipments of info-tech goods.D.the increasingly wide trade gap in January.(3).As pointed out in Paragraph 3, the “evenly mixed“ scenario（分数：2.00）A.may fail to reflect the true state of U.S. economy.B.is nece

47、ssary to give rise to a global rebound.C.may make it clear that the Fed changed its outlook.D.falls short of the expectations of businesspeople.(4).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The US economy is gradually recovering from the steep declines.B.The Fed should take i

48、n account the shift in its outlook on economy.C.It is not the proper timing for the Fed to consider rate interests.D.It is necessary that the Fed make adjustments to its monetary policy.(5).The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to urge the Fed（分数：2.00）A.to incline to a tighter policy.B.to put investment in tech-sector.C.to consider possible rate hikes.D.to abandon a neutral stance.Plans for buildings that are not just big but truly huge adorn the wails of Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF), an architectural firm in New York. Few people as