【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷127及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 127及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than that is

2、possible to learn in general history classes. Most (1)_ history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. (2)_, art history (3)_ on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious (4)_, emotions, and psychology. (5)_, information abou

3、t the daily activities of our own can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the (6)_ qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than what can be found in most history books. In history books, objective information about the political life of a c

4、ountry is (7)_; that is, facts about political are given, but (8)_ are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is (9)_: it reflects emotions and impressions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya severely criticized the Spanish government for its (10)_ of power over people. Over a hundred years la

5、ter, symbolic (11)_ were used in Pablo Picasso“s Guemica to express the (12)_ of war. (13)_, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera depicted these Mexican artists“ concealed (14)_ and sadness about social problems. In the same way, art can (15)_ a culture“s religious beliefs. F

6、or hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was (16)_ the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. (17)_ most people couldn“t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures

7、on church walls. (18)_, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its (19)_ of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are (20)_.（分数：40.00）A.interestingB.plausibleC.superiorD.typicalA.IndeedB.HenceC.HoweverD.ThereforeA.commentsB.focus

8、esC.dependsD.centersA.beliefB.faithC.trustD.credibilityA.In additionB.In summaryC.In any caseD.In effectA.equivalentB.temporaryC.essentialD.effectiveA.subscribedB.presentedC.deliveredD.manifestedA.perspectivesB.counselsC.argumentsD.opinionsA.impliedB.displayedC.biasedD.createdA.misuseB.controlC.adva

9、ntageD.triumphA.imagesB.signsC.stimuliD.messagesA.aweB.shockC.horrorD.griefA.NeverthelessB.ConsequentlyC.SimultaneouslyD.MeanwhileA.guardB.angerC.contentD.assaultA.containB.mirrorC.involveD.includeA.aloneB.barelyC.almostD.scarcelyA.AlthoughB.SinceC.SupposeD.ProvidedA.WithB.ForC.ByD.OnA.relevanceB.pr

10、esenceC.existenceD.absenceA.ineligibleB.unholyC.mistakenD.disloyal二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._After the terrorist attacks in America last Se

11、ptember, terrorist risk became the pariah of perils. The airline industry was most directly affected by the attacks, and it was the first to find that no one wanted to insure terrorist risk. Insurance companies immediately increased premiums and cut cover for airlines“ third-party terror and war lia

12、bilities to $50m per airline, per “event“. Under pressure from airlines, the American government and the members of the European Union agreed to become insurers of last resort for airlines“ war and terrorist liabilities, for a limited period. These government guarantees are due to expire at the end

13、of the month. The American government has already agreed to extend its guarantee for another 60 days. The EU“s transport ministers are meeting next week in Brussels to decide what to do. Insurers and reinsurers are keen for the commercial market to resume the provision of all airline insurance as so

14、on as possible. No wonder: The premiums for such cover have inevitably increased considerably. However, in the case of terrorism, and especially of terrorism in the skies, a number of special factors arise. Some are purely practical: a disaster as sudden and unforeseen as the attacks on the World Tr

15、ade Center has had destructive effects on the insurance industry. The maximum cover for third-party terrorist risk available in the primary aviation market is now $50m, and that is not nearly enough cover risks that are perceived to be much higher since September 11th. Even if the market could offer

16、 sufficient cover, another catastrophe on such a scale would be more than the market could cope with. In addition, a rare and devastating risk of a political nature is arguably one that it is right for governments to cover, at least in part. In the wake of attacks by Irish terrorists the British gov

17、ernment has recognized this point by agreeing to back a mutual fund to cover risks to property from terrorist attack. In the case of the airlines, the appropriate answer is some form of mutual scheme with government backing. In fact, under the code-name “Equitime“, representatives of airlines, insur

18、ers and the American government are setting up an insurance vehicle to be financed by airlines and reinsured by the government. Governments would guarantee the fund“s excess risk, but their role would diminish as the fund grew. Setting something up will take time. So, to bridge the gap, governments

19、will have to remain insurer of last resort for airlines“ war and terrorist risk for some time to come.（分数：10.00）(1).By “terrorist risk became the pariah of perils“ (Paragraph 1), the author means _.（分数：2.00）A.insurance companies increased premiums.B.airlines seek to avoid legal liabilities.C.terrori

20、st attacks left insurers panicked.D.terrorist risk is unlikely to be insured.(2).According to the text, now it is beyond the ability of commercial insurance market _.（分数：2.00）A.to win the support from governments.B.to cancel provision for airline insurance.C.to cope with overwhelming disasters.D.to

21、rule out third-party terrorist risks.(3).The word “vehicle“ (Para. 5) denotes _.（分数：2.00）A.vulnerability.B.capability.C.liability.D.availability.(4).The writer argues that in the foreseeable future the insurer of last resort for airline“s terrorist risk will be _.（分数：2.00）A.insurance companies.B.gov

22、ernments“ guarantees.C.airlines themselves.D.mutual fund schemes.(5).It can be concluded from the text that airlines“ war and terrorist risk _.（分数：2.00）A.should be attended to cautiously.B.should be left with the government alone.C.should be accepted reluctantly.D.should be left up to insurance comp

23、anies.Shortly after September 11th, President Bush“s father observed that just as Pearl Harbor awakened this country from the notion that we could somehow avoid the call of duty to defend freedom in Europe and Asia in World War Two, so, too, should this most recent surprise attack erase the concept

24、in some quarters that America can somehow go it alone in the fight against terrorism or in anything else for that matter. But America“s allies have begun to wonder whether that is the lesson that has been learnedor whether the Afghanistan campaign“s apparent success shows that unilateralism works ju

25、st fine. The United States, that argument goes, is so dominant that it can largely afford to go it alone. It is true that no nation since Rome has loomed so large above the others, but even Rome eventually collapsed. Only a decade ago, the conventional wisdom lamented an America in decline. Bestsell

26、er lists featured books that described America“s fall. Japan would soon become “Number One“. That view was wrong at the time, and when I wrote “Bound to Lead“ in 1989, I, like others, predicted the continuing rise of American power. But the new conventional wisdom that America is invincible is equal

27、ly dangerous if it leads to a foreign policy that combines unilateralism, arrogance and parochialism. A number of advocates of “realist“ international-relations theory have also expressed concern about America“s staying-power. Throughout history, coalitions of countries have arisen to balance domina

28、nt powers, and the search for traditional shifts in the balance of power and new state challengers is well under way. Some see China as the new enemy; others envisage a Russia-China-India coalition as the threat. But even if China maintains high growth rates of 6% while the United States achieves on

29、ly 2%, it will not equal the United States in income per head until the last half of the century. Still others see a uniting Europe as a potential federation that will challenge the United States for primacy. But this forecast depends on a high degree of European political unity, and a low state of

30、transatlantic relations. Although realists raise an important point about the leveling of power in the international arena, their quest for new cold-war-style challengers is largely barking up the wrong tree. They are ignoring deeper changes in the distribution and nature of power in the contemporar

31、y world. The paradox of American power in the 21st century is that the largest power since Rome cannot achieve its objectives unilaterally in a global information age.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the beginning of the text that what strikes Bush“s father is that _.（分数：2.00）A.American allies began to a

32、ppreciate unilateralism.B.Americans come to get over some misconceptions.C.the U.S. became the largest power since Rome.D.Americans can achieve its objectives unilaterally.(2).What is realists“ attitude towards the continuing rise of American power?（分数：2.00）A.Apprehensive.B.Boastful.C.Optimistic.D.G

33、rieved.(3).According to the text, cooperative bodies of countries have emerged _.（分数：2.00）A.to defeat new state challengers.B.to defend international relations.C.to maintain high growth rates.D.to equalize dominant powers.(4).The author criticizes those who are “barking up the wrong tree“ for their

34、_.（分数：2.00）A.dominance.B.insecurity.C.ignorance.D.sensitivity.(5).The author asserts that in dealing with world affairs the U.S should learn to _.（分数：2.00）A.combine unilateralism with nationalism.B.depend upon the conventional wisdom.C.draw a lesson from the collapse of Rome.D.revise its unilateral

35、foreign policy wisely.Yasuhisa Shizoki, a 51-year-old MP from Japan“s ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), starts tapping his finger on the dismal economic chart on his coffee table. “Unless we change the decision-making process“, he says bluntly, “we are not going to be able to solve this kind of

36、 problem“. With the economy in such a mess, it may seem a bit of a diversion to be trying to sort out Japan“s political structures as well as its economic problems. But Mr. Shiozaki can hardly be accused of time-wasting. He has consistently prodded the government to take a firm hand to ailing banks,

37、 and has given warning against complacency after a recent rise in share prices. Far from being a distraction, his latest cause highlights how far Japan is from genuine economic reform. Since cowriting a report on political reform, which was released by an LDP panel last week, Mr. Shiozaki has furthe

38、r upset the party“s old guard. Its legionaries, flanked by columns of the bureaucracy, continue to hamper most attempts to overhaul the economy. Junichiro Koizumi was supposed to change all that, by going over their heads and appealing directly to the public. Yet nearly a year after becoming prime m

39、inister, Mr. Koizumi has precious little to show for his efforts. His popularity is now flagging and his determination is increasingly in doubt. As hopes of immediate economic reform fade, optimists are focusing on another potential benefit of Mr. Koizumi“s tenure. They hope that his highly personal

40、ized style of leadership will pave the way for a permanent change in Japanese politics, towards more united and authoritative cabinets that are held directly accountable for their policies. As that happens, the thinking goes, real economic reforms will be able to follow. A leading candidate for chan

41、ge is the 40-year-old systeminformal but religiously followedthrough which the LDP machinery vets every bill before it ever gets to parliament. Most legislation starts in the LDP“s party committees, which mirror the parliamentary committee structure. Proposals then go through two higher LDP bodies,

42、which hammer out political deals to smooth their passage. Only then does the prime minister“s cabinet get fully involved in approving the policy. Most issues have been decided by the LDP mandarins long before they reach this point, let alone the floor of parliament, leaving even the prime minister l

43、imited influence, and allowing precious little room for public debate and even less for accountability. As a result, progress will probably remain slow. Since they know that political reform leads to economic reform, and hence poses a threat to their interests, most of the LDP will resist any real c

44、hanges. But at least a handful of insiders have now bought into one of Mr. Koizumi“s best slogans. “Change the LDP, change Japan“.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in the first sentence?（分数：2.00）A.The economic situation in Japan is depressing.B.Shizoki is engaged in some time-wasting activity.C.The econ

45、omic chart mirrors genuine revivals.D.Shizoki is addicted to his enjoyable diversions.(2).We learn from the text that an economic reform in Japan _.（分数：2.00）A.is a new boom on the horizon.B.should follow a political reform.C.is in the charge of committees.D.should precede a political unrest.(3).As r

46、egards the political reforms in Japan, the author focuses on its _.（分数：2.00）A.real economic structures.B.formal religious rituals.C.decision-making process.D.legislation accountability.(4).The basic problem in Japanese politics as pointed by the writer lies in _.（分数：2.00）A.the lack of direct account

47、ability.B.the existence of political deals.C.the absence of top-level influence.D.the resistance to real changes.(5).Which of the following can best apply to the current political systems in Japan?（分数：2.00）A.into hierarchies.B.for the better.C.on rigid routines.D.behind the times.“Worse than useless

48、“, fumed Darrell Issa, a Republican congressman from California, on March 19th, when the House Judiciary Committee held a hearing on the Immigration and Naturalization Service. “Terrible, and getting worse“, added Zoe Lofgren, a Democratic colleague who has kept a watchful eye on the INS for ten years. Committee members lined up to take swings at James Ziglar, the head of the INS. He explained, somewhat pathetically, that “outdated procedures“ had kept the visa-processing wheels grindi