【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷124及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 124 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The communications explosion is on the scale of the rail, automobile or telephone rev

2、olution. Very soon you“ll be able to record your entire life (1)_anything a microphone or a camera can sense you“ Il be able to (2)_. In particular, the number of images a person captures in a lifetime is set to rise exponentially. The thousand (3)_ a year I take of my children on a digital camera a

3、re all precious to me. (4)_ a generation“s time, my children“s children will have total image documentation of their entire livesa (5)_ log of tremendous personal value. By then we“ll be wrestling with another question: how we control all the electronic (6)_ connected to the internet: trillions of P

4、Cs, laptops, cell phones and other gadgets. In Cambridge, we“re already working (7)_ millimetre-square computing and sensing devices that can be linked to the internet through the radio network. This sort of (8)_ will expand dramatically (9)_ microscopic communications devices become dirt-cheap and

5、multiply. Just imagine (10)_ the paint on the wall could do if it had this sort of communications dust in it: change colour, play music, show movies or even speak to you. (11)_ costs raise other possibilities too. (12)_ launching space vehicles is about to become very much cheaper, the number of sat

6、ellites is likely to go up exponentially. There“s lots of (13)_ up there so we could have millions of them. And if you have millions of loworbit satellites, you can establish a (14)_ communications network that completely does away with towers and masts. If the satellites worked on the cellular prin

7、ciple so you got spatial reuse of frequencies, system (15)_ would be amazing. Speech is so (16)_ that I expect voice communication to become almost free eventually: you“ 11 pay just a monthly fixed (17)_ and be able to make as many calls as you want. By then people will also have fixed links with bu

8、siness (18)_, friends and relatives. One day I (19)_ being able to keep in touch with my family in Poland on a fibreoptic audio-video (20)_; we“ll be able to have a little ceremony at supper-time, open the curtains and sit down “together“ to eat.（分数：40.00）A.electricallyB.electronicallyC.automaticall

9、yD.technicallyA.reserveB.conserveC.restoreD.storeA.picturesB.imagesC.drawingsD.episodesA.DuringB.AfterC.InD.BetweenA.visualB.videoC.digitalD.audioA.equipmentsB.devicesC.appliancesD.noveltiesA.toB.onC.forD.withA.conversionB.interactionC.connectivityD.continuityA.asB.ifC.afterD.beforeA.whatB.thatC.whi

10、chD.asA.IncreasingB.FallingC.ReducingD.RfocketingA.WhenB.ThoughC.IfD.BecauseA.distanceB.vacancyC.spaceD.gapA.universalB.globalC.solarD.lunarA.capacityB.capabilityC.competencyD.contentA.intricateB.availableC.flexibleD.fluctuantA.subsidyB.chargeC.tuitionD.revenueA.contactsB.communicationsC.conversatio

11、nsD.interactionsA.anticipateB.intendC.expectD.dreamA.routeB.tunnelC.linkD.path二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Earlier this summer Arnold Schwarz

12、enegger, California“s governor, said that the state“s penal system was “falling apart in front of our very eyes“. Indeed so. Some 172,000 inmates are crowded into institutionsfrom the state“s 33 prisons to its 12 “community correctional facilities“that are meant to house fewer than 90,000. Drug abus

13、e is rampant; so too are diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C. Race-based gangs pose the constant threat of violence, riot and even murder. And with more than 16,000 prisoners sleeping in prison gymnasiums and classrooms, rehabilitation programs are virtually non-existentwhich helps to explain why t

14、wo-thirds of California“s convicts, the highest rate in the country, are back in prison within three years of being released. Will the governor“s summons of a special session of the state legislature, beginning this week, bring a remedy? The reason for the session is to discuss Mr. Schwarzenegger“s

15、request for almost $5.8 billion of public money to be pumped into the prison system. Bonds for $2 billion would finance ten 500-bed “re-entry facilities“ for prisoners nearing the end of their sentences; another $2 billion would expand existing prisons; $1.2 billion would be earmarked for two new pr

16、isons; and $500m would go for new prison hospitals. Money alone will provide neither an immediate solution nor a lasting one. The first problem is that California simply puts too many offenders in prison. The imprisonment rate, which has risen almost eight-fold since 1970 and is way ahead of any Eur

17、opean country, has consistently meant overcrowding despite the construction of 22 new prisons in the past 20 years. The 1994 “three-strikes“ law, approved by voters in a referendum, means handing out 25-years-to-life sentences for often trivial third offences-and results in the growing presence in p

18、rison of elderly inmates who cost the taxpayer far more than the average of $34,000 a prisoner. Meanwhile, the practice of returning parole violators to prison, even for relatively trivial missteps such as missing a drugs test, also strains the system; some 11% of inmates are parole violators. Added

19、 to all these are more than 5,000 illegal immigrants being held on behalf of the federal government. The second problem is that any attempt to reform California“s penal policy becomes hostage to politics. Two years ago, the governor was expressing optimism. He added the word “rehabilitation“ to Cali

20、fornia“s department of corrections, appointed Rod Hickman, a reform-minded former prison guard, to oversee the system and promised to lessen the power of the 31,000-strong prison guards“ union, not least by breaking the “code of silence“ that protects corrupt or violent guards. But that was then. Th

21、e reality now is that Mr. Hickman resigned in March. Evidence indicates that the governor“s office may have given the code of silence in California“s prisons a new lease on life. Many experts say that with no moderation in sentencing policies on the horizon, the prison population is expected to grow

22、 by another 21,000 over the next five yearsenough to outpace any prison-building program. Thus, the dream of prison reforms will never touch the ground.（分数：10.00）(1).By quoting governor Schwarzenegger“s remark, the author intends to（分数：2.00）A.emphasize the fact that Schwarzenegger is still in his of

23、fice.B.show the fact that drug abuse is rampant in prisons.C.point out that California has the highest convict rate in the US.D.introduce the topic of overcrowding problem in California prisons.(2).According to the passage, California has the highest rate of returning prisoners because（分数：2.00）A.the

24、 prisons in California are too crowded.B.the prisons failed to rehabilitate the prisoners.C.the prisoners can sleep in the gymnasiums and classrooms.D.the prisoners are released after only three years of imprisonment.(3).Arnold Schwarzenegger calls for a legislation session because（分数：2.00）A.he want

25、s to raise more money to enhance prison facilities.B.he believes public money should be responsible for prison construction.C.he realizes the problem with prisons is a lack of investment.D.he plans to win a second term for his governorship.(4).Which of the following is true about the “three-strikes“

26、 law?（分数：2.00）A.It actually wastes more resources in terms of finance.B.It is approved by voters to save money for the taxpayers.C.It severely punishes those who violate the law for the third time.D.It increases the cost of keeping a prisoner to $34,000.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that（分

27、数：2.00）A.the “code of silence“ often helps protect guards from violence.B.the governor“s office has decided to give a new life to the prisons.C.the solution to overpopulation in prisons lies in softening sentences.D.the prison population calls for more prison-building programs.When Ted Kennedy gazes

28、 from the windows of his office in Boston, he can see the harbor“s “Golden Stairs“, where all eight of his great-grandparents first set foot in America. It reminds him, he told his Senate colleagues this week, that reforming America“s immigration laws is an “awesome responsibility“. Mr. Kennedy is t

29、he Democrat most prominently pushing a bipartisan bill to secure the border, ease the national skills shortage and offer a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegal aliens already in the country. He has a steep climb ahead of him. As drafted, the bill seeks to mend America“s broken immigrati

30、on system in several ways. First, and before its other main provisions come into effect, it would tighten border security. It provides for 200 miles (320 km) of vehicle barriers, 370 miles of fencing and 18,000 new border patrol agents. It calls for an electronic identification system to ensure empl

31、oyers verily that all their employees are legally allowed to work. And it stiffens punishments for those who knowingly hire illegals. As soon as the bill was unveiled, it was stoned from all sides. Christans, mostly Republicans, denounced it as an “amnesty“ that would encourage further waves of ille

32、gal immigration. Tom Tancredo, a Republican congressman running for president (without hope of success) on an anti-illegal-immigration platform, demanded that all but the border-security clauses be scrapped. Even these he “derided as “so limited it“s almost a joke“. Conservative talkradio echoed his

33、 call. No one is seriously proposing mass deportation, but Mr. Tancredo says the illegals will all go home if the laws against hiring them are vigorously enforced. Most labor unions are skeptical, too. The AFL-CIO denounced the guest-worker program, which it said would give employers “a ready pool o

34、f labor that they can exploit to drive down wages, benefits, health and safety protections“ for everyone else. Two Democratic senators tried to gut the program. One failed to abolish it entirely; another succeeded in slashing it from 400 000 to 200,000 people a year. Employers like the idea of more

35、legal migrants but worry that the new system will be cumbersome. Many object to the idea that they will have to check the immigration status of all their employees. The proposed federal computer system to sort legal from illegal workers is bound to make mistakes. Even ff only one employee in a hundr

36、ed is falsely labeled illegal, that will cause a lot of headaches. And the points system has drawbacks, too. Employers are better placed than bureaucrats to judge which skills are in short supply. That is why the current mess has advantagesillegal immigrants nearly always go where their labor is in

37、demand. Other groups have complaints, too. Immigrant-rights groups say that the path to citizenship would be too long and arduous and too few Hispanics would qualify. Nancy Pelosi, the Democratic speaker of the House, fretted that the new stress on skills would hurt families, adding that her party i

38、s “about families and family values“. Some people worry that House Democrats will kill it to prevent Mr. Bush from enjoying a domestic success. Despite the indignation, public opinion favors the underlying principles. At least 60% of Americans want to give illegals a chance to become citizens if the

39、y work hard and behave.（分数：10.00）(1).Ted Kennedy is mentioned in the first paragraph to（分数：2.00）A.introduce the main topic of immigration law reforming.B.remind the Senate that they have an awesome responsibility.C.stress the importance of securing the border and easing skills shortage.D.emphasize t

40、he fact that even a Senator is a descendant of immigrants.(2).Which of the following is true about the present bill?（分数：2.00）A.The bill is widely supported by various political strips.B.The bill will impose severe punishment on illegal immigrants.C.The bill is designed to improve American immigratio

41、n system.D.The bill will ensure that no illegals are knowingly hired.(3).The word “stoned“(line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.stiffened.B.constructed.C.criticized.D.supported(4).It can inferred from the passage that（分数：2.00）A.the common citizens in the US tend to accept well-behaved

42、illegals.B.the democrats would do anything to prevent Bush from achieving success.C.employers are the only group that enthusiastically support the new bill.D.illegal immigrants“ always know where their skills are in great demand.(5).The author“s attitude towards this immigration reform seems to be（分

43、数：2.00）A.supportive.B.objective.C.confused.D.optimisticPrince Klemens Von Metternich, foreign minister of the Austrian Empire during the Napoleonic era and its aftermath, would have no trouble recognizing Google. To him, the world“s most popular web-search engine would closely resemble the Napoleoni

44、c France that in his youth humiliated Austria and Europe“s other powers. Its rivalsYahoo!, the largest of the traditional web gateways, eBay, the biggest online auction and trading site, and Microsoft, a software empire that owns MSN, a struggling web portalwould look a lot like Russia, Prussia, and

45、 Austria. Metternich responded by forging an alliance among those three monarchies to create a “balance of power“ against France. Google“s enemies, he might say, ought now to do the same thing. Google announced two new conquests on August 7th. It struck a deal with Viacom, an “old“ media firm, under

46、 which it will syndicate video clips from Viacom brands such as MTV and Nickelodeon to other websites, and integrate advertisements into them. This makes Google the clear leader in the fledgling but promising market for web-video advertising. It also announced a deal with News Corporation, another m

47、edia giant, under which it will pro- vide all the search and text-advertising technology on News Corporation“s websites, including MySpace, an enormously popular social-networking site. These are hard blows for Yahoo! and MSN, which had also been negotiating with News Corporation. Both firms have be

48、en losing market share in web search to Google over the past yearGoogle now has half the market. They have also fallen further behind in their advertising technologies and networks, so that both make less money than Google does from the same number of searches. Sara Rashtchy, an analyst at Piper Jaffray, a securities firm, estimates that for every advertising dollar that Google makes on a search query, Yahoo! makes only 60-70 cents. Last month Yahoo! said that a new advertising algorithm that it had designed to close the gap in profitab