【考研类试卷】考研英语-701及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-701 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion?It means that we live (1) competing interests. Your roommates need to study for an exam may take (2) over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change

2、your grade. And the (3) of your romantic interest may have other options. In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and (4) consideration to our point of view. When we persuade, we want to influence (5) others believe and behave. We may not always prevail-other points of

3、view may be more persuasive, (6) on the listener, the situation, and the merits of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to (7) that our position receives the attention it deserves. Some people, however, (8) to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome in

4、trusion (9) their lives or as a manipulation or domination. (10) , we believe that persuasion is (11) -to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical or unethical, selfless or selfish, (12) or degrading. Persuaders may enlighten our minds or (13) on our vulnerability. Ethical persuasion, however,

5、 calls (14) sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us (15) the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. (16) , an essential part of education is learning to (17) the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other

6、. (18) its personal importance to us, persuasion is essential to society. The (19) to persuade and be persuaded is the foundation of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment (20) the Constitution.（分数：10.00）A.onB.amongC.forD.byA.priorityB.advantageC.controlD.placeA.objectionB.

7、projectionC.projectD.objectA.unbiasedB.unprejudicedC.favorableD.favoriteA.whatB.whichC.whyD.howA.livingB.dependingC.restingD.insistingA.ensureB.assureC.insureD.reassureA.agreeB.objectC.confrontD.consentA.ontoB.ofC.toD.intoA.In contrastB.In particularC.For instanceD.As a resultA.prominentB.invariable

8、C.evidentD.inevitableA.embarrassingB.inspiringC.upgradingD.innovatingA.preyB.restC.putD.fallA.forB.upC.offD.onA.applyB.contributeC.transferD.connectA.HoweverB.ConverselyC.FurthermoreD.ThereforeA.resistB.performC.insistD.restrainA.BeyondB.ExceptC.IncludingD.ExcludingA.powerB.authorityC.abilityD.right

9、A.toB.forC.onD.in二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The increasingly high rates of juvenile delinquency are a great problem in modem society. More and more people are paying special attention to it. When it comes to the reasons, here are two of them. Mo

10、dem youth are more revolutionary and more independent than the elder generation. When this tendency goes to an extreme, problems arise. Some of the young want to throw away all the traditional principles and beliefs, most of which are very good for self-cultivation. They are reluctant to listen to t

11、he advice from elder generation. If they behave in the way, as they like, they might commit crimes without realizing it. Studies also show that juvenile-delinquency rates are twice as high for youngsters from single-parent homes as for those in traditional households. Children in single-parent famil

12、ies are taken less care of and thus have feelings of being neglected, discriminated and isolated. The lack of parental love makes them hostile and cynical towards the society. There are several ways to prevent the youth from committing crimes. School education plays an important role to teach tradit

13、ional beliefs. Books and programs should be in good quality. There should be more educational books and programs for young children to tell them how to distinguish the right from the wrong. Also, mutual understanding between parents and children is also very important. Parental supervision and guida

14、nce are a key factor of self-cultivation in lifetime. The two generations need to smooth away disagreement. Parents can spend much time staying with their children and patiently carry out the duty of family education. And others are starting to pay attention to another problem in modern society that

15、 may underline all sorts of crimes, including juvenile delinquency, though it is believed that the development of information technology has made the world smaller. Modern people have greater tensions so that they have less time to communicate with each other. More and more people are living in urba

16、n areas, where life is in a quick rhythm. Due to fierce competition, which is the most important reason of all, city dwellers have to be working hard in order to keep up with the steps of city life. Everybody is busy all the time. Work pressures deprive them of a casual way of life. Moreover, living

17、 in apartments in different blocks, people are isolated from each other. It is not convenient for them to meet each other freely.（分数：10.00）(1).The expression “ juvenile delinquency “ (Line 1, Para. 1)most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.young couple who get divorcedB.crimes committed by young peopleC.peo

18、ple getting married at a young ageD.lack of education opportunities for young people(2).What are the reasons for juvenile delinquency presented in paragraph 2 ？（分数：2.00）A.The negative influence of mass media and single parent family.B.Young peoples tendency to be rebellious and high divorce rates.C.

19、The influence of mass media and young peoples tendency to be rebellious.D.High divorce rate and single-parent family.(3).Which one of the following is NOT a correct statement about the modern youth?（分数：2.00）A.They want to get rid of the traditional principles.B.They dont want to listen to their elde

20、r generation.C.They often commit crimes without realizing it.D.They want to depend on themselves more than their parents.(4).The most important part for young peoples self-discipline and self-improvement is_.（分数：2.00）A.mutual understanding between parents and childrenB.overseeing and direction from

21、parentsC.parents and children spending as much time as possible togetherD.more educational books and TV programs(5).What is the “ another problem “ mentioned in paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.A lot of problems have been caused by information technology.B.Modern people are feeling isolated from each other.C.

22、Competition is much more severe than ever before.D.Modern society hosts all sorts of crimes.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The current malaise within Zimbabwes tourism industry could benefit its long-term development by forcing it to examine its attitude towards fragile wilderness areas, argues Sally Wynn.

23、 My first experience of the Zambezi Rivers unique wilderness quality was a childhood walk upstream from Victoria Falls. Then, the revering bush really was wild and made a very strong first impression. Years later, a canoe trip from Manna Pools to Lake Cahora Bassa made me a wilderness convert for li

24、fe and I feel truly lucky that my work sometimes takes me into remote parts of this magnificent river valley. I am not alone. The Zambezi Societys membership consists almost entirely of people who value the wild nature of the Zambezi River so much that they want to do something to conserve it. And t

25、he trend is worldwide. Type “ wilderness “ into an Internet search engine；the scores of societies and foundations devoted to wilderness appreciation, preservation and research show how popular this concept has become, as do the wilderness “ discovery “ experiences available to adventurous travelers.

26、 But still some people ask “ how relevant is wihlerness conservation in 21 st century Africa? “ Many argue that developing nations have more important concerns than setting aside wild places for the enjoyment of tourists and wilderness enthusiasts. But if the results of a recent Zambezi Society surv

27、ey are anything to go by, wilderness conservation is very relevant indeed. The argument that wilderness is an unaffordable luxury shows a singular lack of understanding not only of the vital link between tourism and development, but of the true value of Africas wild areas to the continents people. A

28、t the height of its boom in the 1980s and early 90s, Zimbabwes tourism industry was so busy counting the dollars that it paid scant heed either to the impact its success was having on major assets like the Zambezi River, or to whether its customers were satisfied with the experience they were gettin

29、g for their money. The Zambezi Society and other conservation lobby groups were lone voices in the wilderness crying out for environmental sanity at places like Victoria Falls which, by 1995, was receiving bad press even in Time magazine. By October 2000, the Society had defined “ Zambezi wilderness

30、 “ as visitors see it and identified the factors which detract from this wilderness. 98% of respondents felt it important that wild places exist, and it was evident that visitors to Victoria Falls were less satisfied with the quality of their wilderness experience than, for example, visitors to Mana

31、 Pools, due to overdevelopment, commercialisation and overcrowding. It seemed that hotels and tour operators were contributing to the erosion of wilderness values in sensitive areas by promoting high-impact activities, so we defined wilderness-sensitive and appropriate tourism facilities.（分数：10.00）(

32、1).What does the author think about the current situation of Zimbabwes tourism industry?（分数：2.00）A.He is quite worried about its future.B.He is concerned about his own experience there.C.He believes it is a good thing in the long run.D.He is not sure about whether it will step out of the current tro

33、ubles.(2).What is the major argument of those who think wilderness conservation is irrelevant for Africa?（分数：2.00）A.The wilderness should be reserved for African people themselves.B.There is no link between tourism and economic development.C.They have some more urgent needs than wilderness reservati

34、on.D.They do not want to reserve the wilderness just for the enjoyment of tourists.(3).Why is it that Zimbabwes tourism industry does not care too much about touristsexperiences there?（分数：2.00）A.They do not have enough expertise to carry out the investigation needed.B.They are busy making money from

35、 the tourism industry.C.They dont think environmental sanity is a serious issue there.D.They never have access to western media like TIME magazine.(4).The example of “ visitors to Victoria Falls “ is presented to show_.（分数：2.00）A.lack of tourism facilitiesB.problem of overdevelopmentC.quality of com

36、mercial atmosphereD.absence of local inhabitants(5).Which one of the following is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The Negative Effect of Wilderness TourismB.Harnessing the Value of Wilderness TourismC.Wilderness Tourism is going Through a Tough TimeD.My Own Experience with Wilderness Tour

37、ism六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Arsenic, a naturally occurring poison and carcinogen found in ground water, is strongly linked to adult-onset diabetes, U. S. researchers said on Tuesday. Odorless, tasteless, colorless and easily soluble in water or wine, arsenic has long been a feared poison. A heavy dos

38、e is detectable in a corpse, but researchers say small amounts of arsenic may sicken people gradually. Dr. Ana Navas-Aeien and colleagues at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore found a “ relatively strong “ association between commonly found levels of arsenic in urine and type 2 diabetes in a stud

39、y of American adults. “ It seems there is maybe no safe level of arsenic. “ Navas-Acien said in a telephone interview. “ Worldwide its a huge problem, “ she said. “ As water becomes a scarce resource. the situation becomes even more serious. “ Arsenic raises the risk for cancers of the bladder, lung

40、, kidney, skin and, possibly, the pros tate, Navas-Acien said. The 20 percent of nearly 800 study participants who had the most arsenic in their bodies, a tolerable 16. 5 micrograms per liter of urine, had 3. 6 times the risk of developing late-onset diabetes than those in the bottom 20 percent, who

41、 had 3 micrograms per liter. Levels of arsenic were 26 percent higher in people with late-onset, or type 2, diabetes than those without the disease, the study found. The U. S. government sets a limit for drinking water at 10 micrograms of arsenic per liter, which is exceeded in the water consumed by

42、 13 million Americans who mostly live in rural areas that rely on wells to bring up ground water, the researchers wrote in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Arsenic contaminates drinking water for millions of people in Bangladesh, parts of Central Europe, Chile, Argentina and the west

43、ern United States, where ground water is the source of drinking water and the land has higher concentrations of arsenic. Overall, 7. 8 percent of Americans are believed to have diabetes, although some do not know it. At least 90 percent of cases are the type 2 variety, in which the body loses its ab

44、ility to use insulin properly. Navas-Acien said arsenic may play a significant role in diabetes incidence, but it is difficult to say how much. Arsenic can accumulate in the body, and can ruin the bodys ability to use insulin and perform the vital task of converting blood sugar into energy. Normally

45、, insulin fits into cells via molecular doorways called receptors, which in turn signal the cell to move glucose inside, but arsenic enters the cell and somehow blocks the activity. Seafood is another source of arsenic, but the organic form found in shellfish and some fish has a carbon molecule atta

46、ched and poses no risk to health, she said.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, arsenic contains_.（分数：2.00）A.smellB.tasteC.poisonD.color(2).The situation of arsenic in water causing diabetes is worsened by_.（分数：2.00）A.the scarcity of water resourcesB.the limited access to medicinesC.the level of

47、arsenic in waterD.type 2 diabetes worldwide(3).What can we infer from paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.Low level of arsenic seems to do no harm to human health.B.Different people have tolerance for different arsenic levels.C.There is a positive correlation between the risk for diabetes and the arsenic levels.

48、D.Arsenic levels will be higher after people suffered from diabetes.(4).From the passage, we know that arsenic is a bigger threat for people who_.（分数：2.00）A.use ground water as the source of drinking waterB.drink contaminated water a lotC.are from European countriesD.live in urban areas(5).It can be

49、 inferred from the passage that the function of insulin is to_.（分数：2.00）A.digest seafoodB.change blood sugar into energyC.accumulate arsenic in the bodyD.protect the cells from arsenic七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)An issue that many corporate executives ignore is the possibility that aggressive people seek reinforcement for their own destructive acts. Television violence, for instance, and the widespread public concern accompanying it have led to calls for strict controls on the depiction of violent programs. In their decision making, some prod