【考研类试卷】考研英语-511及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-511 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules that summarize conveniently- (1) qualitatively but quantitatively-how the world works. We might (2) a universe in which there are no such laws, in which the 1080 ele

2、mentary particles that (3) a universe like our own behave with utter and uncompromising abandon. To understand such a universe we would need a brain (4) as massive as the universe. It seems (5) that such a universe could have life and intelligence, because being and brains (6) some degree of interna

3、l stability and order. But (7) in a much more random universe there were such beings with an intelligence much (8) than our own, there could not be much knowledge, passion or joy.(9) for us, we live in a universe that has at least important parts that are knowable. Our common-sense experience and ou

4、r evolutionary history have (10) us to understand something of the workaday world. When we go into other realms, however, common sense and ordinary intuition (11) highly unreliable guides. It is stunning that as we go close to the speed of light our mass (12) indefinitely, we shrink toward zero thic

5、kness (13) the direction of motion, and time for us comes as near to stopping as we would like. Many people think that this is silly, and every week (14) I get a letter from someone who complains to me about it. But it is virtually certain consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einste

6、ins (15) analysis of space and time called the Special Theory of Relativity. It does not matter that these effects seem unreasonable to us. We are not (16) the habit of traveling close to the speed of light. The testimony of our common sense is suspect at high velocities.The idea that the world plac

7、es restrictions on (17) humans might do is frustrating. Why shouldnt we be able to have intermediate rotational positions? Why cant we (18) faster than the speed of light? But (19) we can tell, this is the way the universe is constructed. Such prohibitions not only (20) us toward a little humility;

8、they also make the world more knowable.（分数：10.00）A.justB.veryC.just notD.not justA.seeB.thinkC.imagineD.believeA.makeB.make ofC.make upD.make fromA.at leastB.at mostC.at lastD.at the costA.likelyB.unlikelyC.reallyD.unrealA.wantB.needC.requireD.acquireA.unlessB.untilC.ifD.even ifA.moreB.largerC.bigge

9、rD.greaterA.FortunatelyB.UnfortunatelyC.HappilyD.UnhappilyA.providedB.preparedC.armedD.got readyA.turn toB.turn onC.turn out to beD.turn away fromA.decreaseB.increasesC.reduceD.addA.inB.atC.withD.fromA.or twoB.and twoC.even twoD.of twoA.cleverB.wiseC.brilliantD.intelligentA.ofB.inC.withD.atA.thatB.w

10、hichC.matterD.whatA.goB.walkC.travelD.runA.ifB.unlessC.so farD.so far asA.pressB.haveC.makeD.entail二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)People in business can use foresight to identify new products and services, as well as markets for those products and s

11、ervices. An increase in minority populations in a neighborhood would prompt a grocer with foresight to stock more foods linked to ethnic tastes. An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make exhibits more appealing to younger visitors.Foresight may reveal pot

12、ential threats that we can prepare to deal with before they become crises. For instance, a corporate manager with foresight might see an alarming rise in local housing prices that could affect the availability of skilled workers in the region. The publics changing values and priorities, as well as e

13、merging technologies, demographic shifts, economic constraints (or opportunities), and environmental and resource concerns are all parts of the increasingly complex world system in which leaders must lead.People in government also need foresight to keep systems running smoothly, to plan budgets, and

14、 to prevent wars. Government leaders today must deal with a host of new problems emerging from rapid advances in technology.Even at the community level, foresight is critical: School officials, for example, need foresight to assess numbers of students to accommodate, numbers of teachers to hire, new

15、 educational technologies to deploy, and new skills for students (and their teachers) to develop.Many of the best-known techniques for foresight were developed by government planners, especially in the military, when the post-World War II atomic age made it critical to “think about the unthinkable“

16、and prepare for it. Pioneering futurists at the RAND Corporation (the first “think tank “) began seriously considering what new technologies might emerge in the future and how these might affect U. S. security. These pioneering futurists at RAND, along with others elsewhere, refined a variety of new

17、 ways for thinking about the future.The futurists recognized that the future world is continuous with the present world, so we can learn a great deal about what may happen in the future by looking systematically at what is happening now. The key thing to watch is not events ( sudden developments or

18、one-day occurrences) but trends (long-term ongoing shifts in such things as population, land use, technology, and governmental systems) .Using these techniques and many others, futurists now can tell us many things that may happen in the future. Some are nearly certain to happen, such as the continu

19、ing expansion in the worlds population. Other events are viewed as far less likely, but could be extremely important if they do occur, such as an asteroid colliding with the planet.（分数：10.00）(1).Correctly exercising foresight is shown in the case of_.（分数：2.00）A.new products and servicesB.an increase

20、 in minority populationsC.stocking more foods with ethnic tastesD.the appealing art museum director(2).Which of the following may be regarded as potential crises?（分数：2.00）A.An alarming rise in local housing prices.B.The availability of skilled workers in the region.C.The lack of skilled workers in t

21、he region.D.The publics changing values and priorities.(3).All the following are cited as examples of the importance of exercising foresight EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.government administratorsB.school officialsC.school students and teachersD.government planners(4).According to the text, the most important

22、for the futurists to grasp is_.（分数：2.00）A.the future worldB.the present worldC.what is happening nowD.the world trends(5).The best title for the passage may be_.（分数：2.00）A.The Use of ForesightB.How to Exercise ForesightC.Foresight in Business and GovernmentD.The Best-known Techniques for Foresight五、

23、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A variety of significant, attractive short-term benefits will drive the development of modern self-sufficient homes. These include security from severe weather, climate changes, and natural disasters; security from infectious diseases and related health problems; a fresh and nu

24、tritious diet; a dependable food supply; and security from global unrest.But the real benefit of Earth Homes will be the long-term sustainability of our planet. It should be no secret that the planet is experiencing unusual weather and climate abnormalities. The 10 hottest years in recorded history

25、have all been in the last 15 years; the 1990s were the hottest decade on record. The Midwestern heat wave of 1995 killed 669 people in Chicago. In 1996, we had a season of record heat spells, and 1997 was the single wan nest year on record-until 1998 shattered global temperature records. Record-high

26、 temperatures throughout the southern United States during the summer of 1998 forced the shutdown of Walt Disney Worlds water parks because of the threat of a viral encephalitis outbreak. The United Nations and insurers blame unusual weather for thousands of deaths and billions of dollars in damage.

27、Many scientists agree that the emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentration of the greenhouse gases. These increases will enhance the greenhouse effect, resulting in warming of the earths surface. In 1990, scientists predicted that, if greenhou

28、se gas emissions are not sharply decreased, we might experience a 1C to 3C rise in global temperatures. They suggested that we would have to cut in half our use of coal, oil, and gas in order to lower our emissions enough to maintain concentrations of greenhouse gases at the current levels.Proof of

29、warning includes a decrease in the amount of snow that covers the Northern Hemisphere, a simultaneous decrease in Arctic sea ice, continued melting of alpine glaciers, and a rise in sea level. Rain has even been reported for the first time in Antarctica, and an ice-free patch of ocean about a mile w

30、ide has recently opened near the North Pole.Meanwhile, studies have shown that the carbon dioxide concentration in our atmosphere has been steadily increasing since 1958. Even though the rate of emissions from fossil fuels has been reduced, concentration has risen consistently.In 1995, the size of t

31、he ozone hole over Antarctica doubled to about the size of Europe. For the first time in recorded history, the hole stretched over populated areas, exposing residents in southern Chile and Argentina to very high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Studies have shown that a 1% decrease in ozone in

32、the stratosphere produces a 2% increase in UV radiation reaching the ground, posing more risks to humans.（分数：10.00）(1).In comparison with traditional homes the advantages of modem self-sufficient homes are_.（分数：2.00）A.based on short-term benefitsB.based on the long-term sustainabilityC.free from sev

33、ere weather, climate changes, natural disasters, etc.D.fresh and nutritious, free from global unrest(2).Which of the following suffered the greatest economic loss in the 10 hottest years?（分数：2.00）A.The Midwestern.B.The southern United States.C.Walt Disney Worlds water parks.D.Insurance Companies.(3)

34、.According to scientists, to keep down concentrations of greenhouse gases, we should_.（分数：2.00）A.stop gas emissionsB.lower the temperatureC.reduce the use of coal, oil, and gasD.cut off the use of coal, oil, and gas(4).We can infer from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.concentrations of greenhouse will

35、become worseB.Concentrations of greenhouse will become betterC.generally there is no rain in AntarcticaD.the North Pole is no longer covered with ice(5).It is implied that the ozone hole over Antarctica is_.（分数：2.00）A.a threat to the European peopleB.a risk to human healthC.a hazard to southern Chil

36、e and ArgentinaD.the source of UV radiation六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Eating better and more adventurously is becoming an obsession, especially among people with money to spend. Healthier eating-and not-so-healthy eating-as well as the number and variety of food choices and venues continue to increase

37、at an ever quickening pace.Globalization is the master trend that will drive the world of food in the years ahead. Consumers traveling the globe, both virtually and in reality, will be able to sweep up ingredients, packaged foods, recipes, and cooking techniques from every comer of the earth at an e

38、ver-intensifying and accelerating pace. Formerly remote ingredients and cooking styles are creating a whole new culinary mosaic as they are transplanted and reinterpreted all over the world.Many factors are behind this, but none more so than the influence of the great international hotel chains. Vir

39、tually every chef who has worked for Hilton, Westin, Peninsula, or any other major chain gathers global experience in locales as diverse as Singapore, New Orleans, Toronto, and Dubai. At each stop, they carry away cooking ideas and techniques they can and do use elsewhere.This trend will gain even g

40、reater momentum as ambitious young adults stake their own futures on internationalization, treating broader food away as an important aspect of their own advancement. Young people will need knowledge of food and ingredients from different continents and cultures as one aspect of socialization, encul

41、turation, cultural exchange, and success. In country after country, there seems little doubt that global cuisine will make its biggest inroads among the younger set. Many in the generations now coming of age will treat world-ranging food knowledge and experience as key elements in furthering their p

42、ersonal plans, business acumen, and individual growth.The Internet has made global contacts a matter of routine. Computer networking will permit chefs and others in the food industry, including consumers, to link directly with the best available authorities in faraway nations, supplementing or bypas

43、sing secondhand sources of information altogether.Time, with all its implications, will also be a factor in emerging world food trends. More and more of us are destined to operate on global time-that is, at full tilt 24 hours a day. This will become the norm for companies with resources scattered al

44、l over the planet. Beyond the 24-hour supermarkets many of us already take for granted, there will also be three-shift shopping centers open at any hour. Restaurants in the great business capitals intent on cultivating an international clientele will serve midnight breakfasts or break-of-dawn dinner

45、s (with the appropriate wines) without raising a single eyebrow.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first two paragraphs we can learn that the trend of food obsession is_.（分数：2.00）A.adventurousB.more and more popular in the worldC.a global phenomenonD.sweeping up every corner of the earth(2).According to the tex

46、t the trend of new culinary mosaic is most accelerated by_.（分数：2.00）A.globalizationB.remote ingredients and cooking stylesC.great international hotel chainsD.chefs of various nationalities(3).Judging from context, the phrase “global cuisine“ ( Lines 5-6, Par（分数：2.00）A.4) probably mean_.A. a world of

47、 young peopleB. a world style of cookingC. a specific food popular in the worldD. world foods in general(4).We can infer from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.computer networking will be helpful in the food industryB.24-hour supermarkets are not very commonC.few shopping centers are three-shift open at

48、any hourD.24-hour restaurants are not in practice in the great business capitals(5).The best title for the passage may be_.（分数：2.00）A.Eating Better and More AdventurouslyB.A Food GlobalizationC.The Trend of DiningD.The Trend of a Kitchen Revolution七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The telecity is a city whose

49、 life, direction, and functioning are largely shaped by telecommunications. In the twenty-first century; cities will be based more and more on an economy that is dependent on services and intellectual property. Telecommunications and information networks will define a citys architecture, shape, and character. Proximity in the telecity will be defined by the speed and bandwidth of networks as much as by geographical propinquity. In the, age of the telecity, New York and Singapore may be closer than, say, New York an