【考研类试卷】考研英语-287及答案解析.doc
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1、考研英语-287 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数:1,分数:10.00)BDirections:/BRead tile following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Starting with his review of Skinners Verbal Behavior, Noam Chomsky had led the psycholingu
2、ists who argue that man has developed an innate (天生的) capacity for dealing with the linguistic universals common to all languages. Experience and learning then provide only information about theU (1) /Uinstances of those universal aspects of language which are needed to communicate with other people
3、 within a particular languageU (2) /U.This linguistic approachU (3) /Uthe view that language is built upon learned associations between words. What is learned is not strings of words per se (本身), butU (4) /Urules that enable a speaker toU (5) /Uan infinite variety of novel sentences. U(6) /Usingle w
4、ords are learned as concepts: they do not stand in a one-to-oneU (7) /Uwith the particular thing signified, butU (8) /Uall members of a general class.This view of the innate aspect of language learning is at first not readilyU (9) /Uinto existing psychological frameworks andU (10) /Ua challenge that
5、 has stimulated much thought and new research directions. Chomsky argues that a precondition for language development is the existence of certain principles “intrinsic (原有的) to the mind“ that provide invariant structuresU (11) /Uperceiving, learning and thinking. LanguageU (12) /Uall of these proces
6、ses; thus its studyU (13) /Uour theories of knowledge in general.Basic to this model of language is the notion that a childs learning of language is a kind of theoryU (14) /U. Its thought to be accomplishedU (15) /Uexplicit instruction, U(16) /Uof intelligence level, at an early age when he is not c
7、apable of other complexU (17) /Uor motor achievements, and with relatively little reliable data to go on. U(18) /U, the child constructs a theory of an ideal language which has broadU (19) /Upower. Chomsky argues that all children could not develop the same basic theoryU (20) /Uit not for the innate
8、 existence of properties of mental organization which limit the possible properties of languages.(分数:10.00)A.specialB.specificC.definiteD.explicitA.regionB.districtC.vicinityD.communityA.attacksB.assaultsC.chargesD.accusesA.transformationalB.institutionalC.systematicD.constitutionalA.originateB.init
9、iateC.launchD.generateA.YetB.EvenC.StillD.LikewiseA.consistenceB.conformityC.correspondenceD.agreementA.symbolizeB.embodyC.depictD.representA.combinedB.integratedC.blendedD.mixedA.meetsB.presentsC.offersD.makesA.underliningB.highlightingC.markingD.underlyingA.dealsB.coversC.involvesD.engagesA.tunes
10、intoB.sheds light onC.leaves behindD.sets forthA.fabricationB.erectionC.creationD.constructionA.withB.underC.byD.withoutA.irrespectiveB.independentC.regardlessD.implausibleA.intellectualB.intelligentC.intelligibleD.intellectA.NeverthelessB.FurthermoreC.ThoughD.AccordinglyA.instinctiveB.addictiveC.te
11、ntativeD.predictiveA.hadB.shouldC.wereD.be二、BSection Readi(总题数:4,分数:40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)BText 1/BThe Federal Communications Commission is not alone i
12、n worrying about television stations that air corporate advertisements masquerading as news stories. In fact, the FCC requires that broadcast stations disclose the corporate backers of “video news releases“ or face a maximum fine of $32,500 for each violation. Enough violations and a station could l
13、ose its license. The FCC sets out a clear policy: All outside news reporting must be identified, disclosing the source of any video news release aired on a news program.There are occasional declines. A nonprofit consumer watchdog group reported to the FCC that 77 stations broadcast video features ab
14、out products from 49 companies without pointing out that they were produced by public relations firms representing these corporations. Public relations firms have one goal: to make their video news releases look as if they are legitimate news reports, not propaganda.However, PR-produced video news r
15、eleases merely are the tip of the iceberg. Ever since newspapers began, special-interest groups have tried to influence the quality and quantity of the news printed. Often, in exchange for advertising revenue, newspapers would print glowing stories of their sponsors and suppress any news that might
16、hurt their heavy advertisers. Those without the ability to inform the press, either through news releases or contacts usually are ignored unless they commit a crime or act in attention-getting ways.For most of the 20th century, women and people of color found it almost impossible to break the specia
17、l-interest news barriers. Their stories were ignored unless there was a sensational or unique element. Usually, though, items concerning these minorities required an enormous wrongdoing, such as the murder of someone in the white community or some attack on the status quo that threatened the peace a
18、nd quiet, as well as the productivity, of a neighborhood.There have been splendid exceptions, but not many. One reason the Hispanic news media has been so successful is that it caters to its audience in the same manner all media does. While its bias may seem different, it actually is the same bias a
19、ll media has: an overwhelming concern to keep its supporters happy. So, while the hue and cry over PR-created video news releases are well and good, they really do not attack the problem of biased news, and appeals to a specific group that shares the same prejudices and concerns about the present an
20、d future.All of this is one key reason Americans so often are surprised when the news outlets are forced to report stories that do not please advertisers or consumers. Better to continue, when possible, a steady supply of news about the latest celebrity baby or yet another piece about sex offenders
21、or restaurant health violations.(分数:10.00)(1).Television stations in the U.S. are NOT allowed to broadcast programs of _(分数:2.00)A.advertisement videos that can be easily recognized by audience as promotions.B.reports on crimes committed by colored people.C.news releases to help with the product dis
22、tribution of its sponsor.D.stories on successes of minorities.(2).By describing the public relations companies that produce news videos, the author intends to _(分数:2.00)A.make them seem like stories that are reliable and convincible.B.disguise their propaganda in the appearance of news report.C.refl
23、ect the phenomena of news for special interest groups.D.introduce a new policy of the Federal Communications Commission.(3).It is most possible for a supporter of a newspaper to be reported for _(分数:2.00)A.his offending of unimportant rules and regulations.B.the health violation of a restaurant held
24、 by his group.C.a sexual scandal which he involves in.D.the launch of a new invention in his company.(4).According to the text, the Hispanic news media are successful because _(分数:2.00)A.they meet the interests of Spanish America.B.they report the current wrongdoings of minorities.C.they help keep t
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