1、考研英语-287 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead tile following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Starting with his review of Skinners Verbal Behavior, Noam Chomsky had led the psycholingu
2、ists who argue that man has developed an innate (天生的) capacity for dealing with the linguistic universals common to all languages. Experience and learning then provide only information about theU (1) /Uinstances of those universal aspects of language which are needed to communicate with other people
3、 within a particular languageU (2) /U.This linguistic approachU (3) /Uthe view that language is built upon learned associations between words. What is learned is not strings of words per se (本身), butU (4) /Urules that enable a speaker toU (5) /Uan infinite variety of novel sentences. U(6) /Usingle w
4、ords are learned as concepts: they do not stand in a one-to-oneU (7) /Uwith the particular thing signified, butU (8) /Uall members of a general class.This view of the innate aspect of language learning is at first not readilyU (9) /Uinto existing psychological frameworks andU (10) /Ua challenge that
5、 has stimulated much thought and new research directions. Chomsky argues that a precondition for language development is the existence of certain principles “intrinsic (原有的) to the mind“ that provide invariant structuresU (11) /Uperceiving, learning and thinking. LanguageU (12) /Uall of these proces
6、ses; thus its studyU (13) /Uour theories of knowledge in general.Basic to this model of language is the notion that a childs learning of language is a kind of theoryU (14) /U. Its thought to be accomplishedU (15) /Uexplicit instruction, U(16) /Uof intelligence level, at an early age when he is not c
7、apable of other complexU (17) /Uor motor achievements, and with relatively little reliable data to go on. U(18) /U, the child constructs a theory of an ideal language which has broadU (19) /Upower. Chomsky argues that all children could not develop the same basic theoryU (20) /Uit not for the innate
8、 existence of properties of mental organization which limit the possible properties of languages.（分数：10.00）A.specialB.specificC.definiteD.explicitA.regionB.districtC.vicinityD.communityA.attacksB.assaultsC.chargesD.accusesA.transformationalB.institutionalC.systematicD.constitutionalA.originateB.init
9、iateC.launchD.generateA.YetB.EvenC.StillD.LikewiseA.consistenceB.conformityC.correspondenceD.agreementA.symbolizeB.embodyC.depictD.representA.combinedB.integratedC.blendedD.mixedA.meetsB.presentsC.offersD.makesA.underliningB.highlightingC.markingD.underlyingA.dealsB.coversC.involvesD.engagesA.tunes
10、intoB.sheds light onC.leaves behindD.sets forthA.fabricationB.erectionC.creationD.constructionA.withB.underC.byD.withoutA.irrespectiveB.independentC.regardlessD.implausibleA.intellectualB.intelligentC.intelligibleD.intellectA.NeverthelessB.FurthermoreC.ThoughD.AccordinglyA.instinctiveB.addictiveC.te
11、ntativeD.predictiveA.hadB.shouldC.wereD.be二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)BText 1/BThe Federal Communications Commission is not alone i
12、n worrying about television stations that air corporate advertisements masquerading as news stories. In fact, the FCC requires that broadcast stations disclose the corporate backers of “video news releases“ or face a maximum fine of $32,500 for each violation. Enough violations and a station could l
13、ose its license. The FCC sets out a clear policy: All outside news reporting must be identified, disclosing the source of any video news release aired on a news program.There are occasional declines. A nonprofit consumer watchdog group reported to the FCC that 77 stations broadcast video features ab
14、out products from 49 companies without pointing out that they were produced by public relations firms representing these corporations. Public relations firms have one goal: to make their video news releases look as if they are legitimate news reports, not propaganda.However, PR-produced video news r
15、eleases merely are the tip of the iceberg. Ever since newspapers began, special-interest groups have tried to influence the quality and quantity of the news printed. Often, in exchange for advertising revenue, newspapers would print glowing stories of their sponsors and suppress any news that might
16、hurt their heavy advertisers. Those without the ability to inform the press, either through news releases or contacts usually are ignored unless they commit a crime or act in attention-getting ways.For most of the 20th century, women and people of color found it almost impossible to break the specia
17、l-interest news barriers. Their stories were ignored unless there was a sensational or unique element. Usually, though, items concerning these minorities required an enormous wrongdoing, such as the murder of someone in the white community or some attack on the status quo that threatened the peace a
18、nd quiet, as well as the productivity, of a neighborhood.There have been splendid exceptions, but not many. One reason the Hispanic news media has been so successful is that it caters to its audience in the same manner all media does. While its bias may seem different, it actually is the same bias a
19、ll media has: an overwhelming concern to keep its supporters happy. So, while the hue and cry over PR-created video news releases are well and good, they really do not attack the problem of biased news, and appeals to a specific group that shares the same prejudices and concerns about the present an
20、d future.All of this is one key reason Americans so often are surprised when the news outlets are forced to report stories that do not please advertisers or consumers. Better to continue, when possible, a steady supply of news about the latest celebrity baby or yet another piece about sex offenders
21、or restaurant health violations.（分数：10.00）(1).Television stations in the U.S. are NOT allowed to broadcast programs of _（分数：2.00）A.advertisement videos that can be easily recognized by audience as promotions.B.reports on crimes committed by colored people.C.news releases to help with the product dis
22、tribution of its sponsor.D.stories on successes of minorities.(2).By describing the public relations companies that produce news videos, the author intends to _（分数：2.00）A.make them seem like stories that are reliable and convincible.B.disguise their propaganda in the appearance of news report.C.refl
23、ect the phenomena of news for special interest groups.D.introduce a new policy of the Federal Communications Commission.(3).It is most possible for a supporter of a newspaper to be reported for _（分数：2.00）A.his offending of unimportant rules and regulations.B.the health violation of a restaurant held
24、 by his group.C.a sexual scandal which he involves in.D.the launch of a new invention in his company.(4).According to the text, the Hispanic news media are successful because _（分数：2.00）A.they meet the interests of Spanish America.B.they report the current wrongdoings of minorities.C.they help keep t
25、he productivity of the society of white people.D.they focus on the same news as other news media do.(5).From the text we can conclude that news media that release biased news reports would probably _（分数：2.00）A.be punished by a large sum of fine.B.lose the right to operate for a period.C.be forced to
26、 report news that do not please advertisers and consumers.D.have no punishment at all.BText 2/BPresident Bush has once again started speaking out for comprehensive immigration reform, and a draft plan to rally Republican senators on the issue is circulating just as Congressional hearings on the issu
27、e approach. Members of Congress recognize that voters are looking for real reform that rests on resolute, effective enforcement of our immigration laws.The only serious legislative proposal on the table offers such enforcement, because it focuses on making employers accountable for their hiring prac
28、tices. To that end, the bill incorporates lessons learned from the largest immigration enforcement operation ever undertaken. Last December, Department of Homeland Security agents descended on meat processing plants run by Swirl on the Ravens, one third did. Healthy children showed no such disparity
29、.That presents a puzzle. If many autistics arc more intelligent than an IQ test shows, why havent their parents noticed? Partly because many parents welcome a low score, which brings their child more special services from schools and public agencies. But another force is at work. “We often think of
30、intelligence as what you can show, such as by speaking fluently,“ says a psychologist. “Parents as well as professionals might be biased to look at that“ rather than dig for the hidden intellectual spark.The challenge is to coax that spark into the kind of intelligence that manifests itself in pract
31、ice. That is something autism researchers are far from doing. Many experts dismiss autistics exceptional reading, artistic or other abilities as side effects of abnormal brain function. They advise parents to steer their child away from what he excels at and obsesses over, and toward what he struggl
32、es with. It makes you wonder how many other children, whose intellectual potential were too blind to see, weve also given up on.（分数：10.00）(1).Autistic children always get lower scores in IQ tests than other children because _（分数：2.00）A.they are retarded due to lack of communication.B.the test method
33、s require too may interactions.C.their intelligence level is lower than other children.D.they cannot understand the instructions of strangers.(2).The new type of IQ test taken by researchers is one that _（分数：2.00）A.is designed solely for autistic children.B.requires the children to respond to questi
34、ons.C.is more widely used in todays society.D.asks the children to find logical relationships among patterns.(3).Which of the following is not the reason why parents are unable to find the hidden intelligence in their autistic children?（分数：2.00）A.They want their children to have a low intelligence l
35、evel to get some benefits.B.The lower IQ test scores can bring to their children more special services.C.The social recognition of intelligence mainly relies on the ability of expression.D.Some experts always consider the hidden intelligence as abnormal functions.(4).The author indicates that autism
36、 researchers should not focus on _（分数：2.00）A.trying to use IQ test methods which are suitable for autistic children to get reasonable scores.B.asking the parents of autistic children to find abilities such as reading in their children.C.finding ways to teach autistic to communicate and engage with s
37、trangers.D.encouraging autistic children to make use of their own intelligence in practice.(5).Which of the following conflicts with what the text conveys?（分数：2.00）A.Children with hidden intelligence are easily considered as low IQ by adults.B.The current prevailing IQ test methods pay much attentio
38、n to verbal intelligence.C.Autistic children are in fact more intelligent than normal children.D.Parents should try to find the potential of their children and make it into practice.BText 4/BAn analysis of workplace trends shows that employee perks, a reliable indicator of job market strength, are b
39、eginning to make a comeback. While not as Extravagant as those offered in the late 1990s, companies clearly are shifting their focus from workforce reduction to workforce retention. Firms realize that they require a foundation of experienced, trained, and motivated workers. These employers are impro
40、ving and/ or adding perks to prevent an exodus of workers that could occur as the economy continues improving. They also may be looking further down the road when severe labor shortages are expected to return.An analysis of perks offered in todays workplace shows that many of the 1990s-style benefit
41、s, such as game rooms and luxury car leases, have been abandoned. The perks that remain popular with employers and employees are those that help workers stay healthy, career focused, and financially stable. Perhaps the most appreciated are those that help individuals maintain work-life balance.Work-
42、life balance is just one part of the growing concern companies have about the overall emotional and physical health of their workers. Employees who are stressed out or depressed because they do not feel as if they are giving enough attention to the nonwork aspects of their lives ultimately are unpro
43、ductive. More and more companies also are learning that workers desire the opportunity to grow professionally in the workplace. HewlettPackard, for instance, has boosted its employee education and development budget by 20%.Nationwide Insurance, based in Columbus, Ohio, established a career-planning
44、website in 2003. The site provides information on company job opportunities, career development, and an in-house mentoring program. Nationwide also is helping to educate its employees in financial matters, acknowledging that workers distracted by such issues on the job are not giving their full atte
45、ntion to the companys priorities. It is adding classes and seminars on personal finance issues and 401(k) investments.Sometimes perks simply are about keeping employee morale elevated. Knowing that an improving economy might prompt valued employees to seek new opportunities, the owner of Ticketcity.
46、 com has lavished his best performers with tickets to the Masters golf tournament (锦标赛), access to country clubs, and invitations to a management retreat in Sedona, Ariz.Moreover, even companies that cannot afford to institute costly perks can find ways to make sure current employees are happy. Doug
47、 Dorman, vice president of human resources for the Greenville (S.C.) Hospital System explains that there is a definite sense of urgency when it comes to employee retention, knowing that labor shortages are returning. Dorman notes, however, that they have not focused on perks, “but rather on creating
48、 a culture of recognition and appreciation. Employees stay when they have good two-way communication with management and are truly appreciated and recognized for their contributions.“（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word “perks“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means _（分数：2.00）A.a payment or profit r
49、eceived in addition to a regular wage or salary.B.release of entertainment facilities such as game rooms or luxury cars.C.the balance between the work and balance of employees.D.the opportunities to improve one s expertise in his work.(2).Which of the following is not the reason why companies have begun to shift their att
