【考研类试卷】考研英语-203及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-203 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Researchers have found that migrating animals use a variety of inner compasses to help them navigate. Som

2、eU (1) /Uby the position of the Sun. Others navigate by the stars. Some use the Sun asU (2) /Uguide during the day, and thenU (3) /Uto star navigation by night. One study shows that the homing pigeon uses the Earths magnetic fields as a guideU (4) /Ufinding its way home, and there are indications th

3、at various other animals, from insects to mollusks (软体动物), can also makeU (5) /Uof magnetic compasses.U (6) /Uis of course very useful for a migrating bird to be able to switch to magnetic compass when clouds cover the sun;U (7) /Uit Would just have to land and wait for the Sun to come out again.U (

4、8) /Uwith the Sun or stars to steer by, the problems of navigation are more complicatedU (9) /Uthey might seem at first. For example, a worker honeybeeU (10) /Uhas found a rich source of nectar and pollen flies rapidly home to the hive toU (11) /U: A naturalist has discovered that the bee scoutU (12

5、) /Uher report through complicated dance in the hive,U (13) /Ushe tells the other workers not only how far away the food is, but also what direction to fly inU (14) /Uto the Sun.U (15) /Uthe Sun does not stay in one place all day. As the workers startU (16) /Uto gather the food, the Sun mayU (17) /U

6、have changed its position in the sky somewhat. In later trips during the day, the Sun seems to move farther and farther toward the west. Yet the worker bees seem to have noU (18) /Uat all in finding the food source. Their innerU (19) /Utell them just where the Sun will be, and they change their cour

7、seU (20) /U.（分数：10.00）A.moveB.flyC.steerD.swimA.theirB.itsC.onesD.theirsA.convertB.switchC.plungeD.revolveA.inB.atC.forD.onA.wayB.senseC.useD.advantageA.ThisB.ThatC.WhatD.ItA.otherwiseB.howeverC.meanwhileD.neverthelessA.StillB.EvenC.YetD.WhileA.whenB.asC.thanD.as thoughA.thatB.ifC.whenD.irA.reportB.

8、sayC.tellD.remindA.transmitB.doC.transfersD.deliversA.howB.whyC.in whichD.in this wayA.orderB.functionC.relationD.responseA.AndB.AlsoC.ForD.ButA.awayB.onC.withD.outA.alreadyB.yetC.certainlyD.finallyA.funB.troubleC.useD.wayA.timesB.clocksC.journalsD.circumferencesA.cooperativelyB.coordinatelyC.corres

9、pondinglyD.coherently二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/B Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. BText 1/BImagine being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which cons

10、isted only of members of your own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldnt be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising, therefore, that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their childr

11、en-conditions which they themselves wouldnt put up with for one minute!Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing childrens heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of education is to equip future citizens with all th

12、ey require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.A co-educational school offers child

13、ren nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic a

14、chievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is (to give just a small example) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense, boys and girls are made

15、 to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a co-educational school, everything falls into its proper place.But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys dont grow up believing that women are mysterious cr

16、eaturesairy goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human beings. Girls dont grow up imagining that men axe romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There axe no goddesses with freckles, pigtails, piercing voices and inky fingers. There

17、 are no romantic heroes with knobby knees, dirty fingernails and unkempt hair. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a coeducational environment. Segregated schools sometimes provid

18、e the right conditions for sexual deviation. This is hardly possible under a co-educational system. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that

19、 face men and women.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Only co-education can be in harmony with society.B.People Are in Great Need of Co-education.C.Any form of Education Other Than Co-education Is Simply UnthinkableD.Co-education Has Many Features.(2).What does co-educ

20、ation offer to children?（分数：2.00）A.A society.B.A true small model of society.C.A real life.D.True version of social condition.(3).According to the passage, what is one of the chief aims of education?（分数：2.00）A.It is for students to acquire knowledge,B.It is to equip future citizens with scientific t

21、echnology.C.It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.D.It is for students to get academic achievements.(4).Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?（分数：2.00）A.They live together and know each other too well.B.Years of living

22、 together at school dismiss such illusions.C.Co-education encourages them to have an healthy attitude toward life.D.They are familiar with each others problems.(5).We can infer from the passage that some parents send their children to receive education other than co-education, because_.（分数：2.00）A.Pa

23、rents worry about their childrens safetyB.Parents are afraid of their childrens being involved in love affairs at an early ageC.Parents think that these schools are perfectD.Parents hope that their children can acquire as much knowledge as possibleBText 2/BIn the angry debate over how much of IQ com

24、es from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of Londons Institute of Psychiatry decide

25、d to look for some:Plomins colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each. They are all White living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 136. In the other group, the average IQ is 103. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each childs chrom

26、osome 6 (One of the 23 human chromosomes). Of the 37 land marks on chromosome 6that the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in high IQ group as in the average grouw-32 percent versus 16 percent. The study concludes that it is this fo

27、rm of the IGF2R gene, called allele 5, that contributes to intelligence.Plomin cautions that “This is not a genius gene. It is one of many.“ (About half the differences in intelligence between one person and another are thought to reflect different genes, and half reflect different life experiences.

28、)The gene accounts for no more than four extra IQ points. And it is neither necessary nor sufficient for high IQ: 23 percent of the average-IQ kids did have it, but 54 percent of genius kids did not.The smart gene is known by the snappy name “insulin like growth factor 2 receptor“ (IGH2R to its fun)

29、. It lets hormones like one similar to insulin dock with cells. Although a gene involved with insulin is not the most obvious candidate for an IQ gene, new evidence suggests it might indeed play the role. Sometimes when s hormone docks with the cell, it makes the cell grow; sometimes it makes the ce

30、ll commit suicide. Both responses could choreograph the development of the brain. Scientists at the National Institutes of Health find that insulin can stimulate nerves to grow. And in rat brains, regions involved in learning and memory are chock full of insulin receptors.Even though this supports t

31、he idea that IGF2R can affect the brain and hence intelligence, some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomins group fell for whats called the chopsticks fallacy. Geneticists might think theyve found a gene for chopsticks dexterity, but all theyve rea

32、lly found is a gene more common in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomins IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement. “What if the gene theyve found reflects ethnicity?“ asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. “I would t

33、ake these findings with a whole box of salt.“（分数：10.00）(1).As for how much of IQ comes from the genes and how much come from experiences,_.（分数：2.00）A.scientists have reached an agreementB.scientists opinions varyC.no genes have ever been identifiedD.scientists have found many smart genes(2).A health

34、y person has_. chromosomes all together.（分数：2.00）A.6B.23C.37D.46(3).It is found that insulin_.（分数：2.00）A.is IQ geneB.has nothing to do with IQ geneC.stimulates nerves to growD.is decisive to the development of intelligence(4).Some geneticists dont accept the IGF2R gene-study because_.（分数：2.00）A.the

35、subjects are not worldwideB.the subjects are from the groups that emphasize academic achievementC.the findings have not been replicated by other researchersD.both A and B(5).The phrase “with a whole box of salt“ in the last paragraph means_.（分数：2.00）A.skepticallyB.willinglyC.publiclyD.undoubtedlyBTe

36、xt 3/BE-mailcant live with it, cant live without it. Con artists and real artists, advertisers and freedom fighters, lovers and sworn enemies-theyve all flocked to email as they would to any new medium of expression. E-mail is convenient, saves time, brings us closer to one another, helps us manage

37、our ever-more-complex lives. Books are written, campaigns conducted; crimes committed-all via e-mail. But it is also inconvenient, wastes our time, isolates us in front of our computers and introduces more complexity into our already too-harried lives. To skeptics, E-mails just the latest chapter in

38、 the evolving history of human communication. A snooping husband now discovers his wifes affair by reading her private e-mail-but he could have uncovered the same sin by finding letters a generation ago.Yet E-mail-and all online communication-is in fact something truly different; it captures the ess

39、ence of life at the close of the 20th century with an authority that few other products of digital technology can claim. Does the pace of life seam ever faster? E-mail simultaneously allows us to cope with that acceleration and contributes to it. Are our attention spans shriveling under barrages of

40、new, improved forms of stimulation? The quick and dirty E-mail is made to order for those whose ability to concentrate is measured in nanoseconds. If we accept that the creation of the globespanning Internet is one of the most important technological innovations of the last half of this century, the

41、n we must give E-mail-the living embodiment of human connections across the Net-pride of place. The way we interact with each other is changing; E-mail is both catalyst and the instrument of that change.The scope of the phenomenon is mind-boggling. Worldwide, 225 million people can spend and receive

42、 E-mail. Forget about the Web or e-commerce or even online pornography: E-mail is the Internets true killer appthe software application that we simply must have, even if it means buying a $2,000 computer and plunking down 20 a month to America Online. According to Donna Hoffman, a professor of marke

43、ting at Vanderbilt University, one survey after another finds that when online users are asked what they do on the Net, “E-mail is always No. 1.“Oddly enough, no one planned it, and one predicted it. When research scientists first began cooking up the Internets predecessor, the Arpanet, in 1968, the

44、ir primary goal was to enable disparate computing centers to share resources. “But it didnt take very long before they discovered that the most important thing was the ability to send mail around, which they had not anticipated at all,“ says Eric Auman, chief technical officer of Sendmail, Inc.（分数：1

45、0.00）(1).What does the first sentence of the passage mean?（分数：2.00）A.E-mail brings convenience as well as inconvenience.B.E-mail complicates our lives.C.E-mail links us to others more closely, but at the same time, it isolates us as well.D.E-mail draws crowds of people who cant live with or without

46、it.(2).Despite the vast popularity of E-mail, there are still people who don t think much of it because_.（分数：2.00）A.they think as the latest invention in communication technology it hasnt reach its bestB.they think it may be replaced by newer communication technology it does the older ways of commun

47、icationC.they think it is no better than the older ways of communicationD.they think its invention is one inevitable step in human evolution just like that of the older ways of communication(3).To the author E-mail is_.（分数：2.00）A.the authority on the acceleration of life paceB.the essence of lifeC.b

48、oth the catalyst and the instrument of the change in human interactionD.the living embodiment of human connection in all areas(4).What does the word “mind-boggling“ (Sentence 1, Paragraph 3) probably mean?（分数：2.00）A.Amazing.B.Worrying.C.Satisfying.D.Confusing.(5).In 1968, research scientists began cooking the Arpanet for the purpose of_.（分数：2.00）A.finding a better way of public communicationB.creating e-mailC.sharing resources among disparate computing centersD.sending mail aroundBText 4/BCillian Shephard is to announce a review of examination standards today as controversy surroun