【考研类试卷】考研英语(一)-540及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语(一)-540 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Walter Schloss was by no means a celebrity. He was never a face on financial television programs, 1 was he known for marketing his skills to investors. His death last month, at the age of 95, 2 little public comment but among

2、 a certain crowd it meant the 3 of a mind that was brave, independent and 4 distinct from much of modern finance. Mr. Schloss was part of a small group who worked with Benjamin Graham, a Columbia Business School professor whose most famous 5 is Warren Buffett. Mr. Schloss did not spend time 6 corpor

3、ate managers. His research team doubled in size when his son joined. He favored discarded “cigar butt“ stocks that could be 7 off the floor. Often, they weren“t worth much but they sold for far 8 . As for high-flying shares, he was not afraid to go 9 . During the late 1990s, when a “new era“ caused

4、many people to 10 any normal valuation measures as hopelessly 11 , Mr. Schloss stayed 12 and bet against some of the most popular and inflated names. In part, he could do so 13 a famous cost saving structure. In part, he was protected by an extraordinary long-term record. When he 14 managing money f

5、or outsiders, his returns were reported to have 15 16% annually, six percentage points higher than the market. He had other 16 , too. In 1999, when his portfolio was composed of everything no one wanted, he was asked how, 17 his own convictions were unshaken, he could ensure that his investors 18 wi

6、th him. Being a true 19 required just one rule, he said: “ 20 tell a client what they own.“（分数：10.00）A.neitherB.butC.notD.norA.revitalizedB.evokedC.stompedD.madeA.lossB.impairmentC.damageD.failureA.instantlyB.utterlyC.faintlyD.alternativelyA.idolB.starC.followerD.eliteA.chasingB.tailingC.shadowingD.

7、discoveringA.sweptB.movedC.brushedD.dispersedA.muchB.worseC.moreD.lessA.awayB.aheadC.shortD.evenA.throw outB.work outC.turn outD.give outA.obscureB.primitiveC.extinctD.obsoleteA.awakeB.firmC.deafD.aliveA.instead ofB.regardless ofC.because ofD.apart fromA.ceasedB.continuedC.pausedD.interruptedA.award

8、edB.auditedC.aimedD.averagedA.tacticsB.routesC.strategiesD.tricksA.as ifB.beforeC.even ifD.untilA.reliedB.dependedC.attachedD.stuckA.investorB.contrarianC.businessmanD.adviserA.SoB.ClearlyC.NeverD.Only二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Britain“s Nationa

9、l Health Service (NHS) has been hailed as “a national religion“ inspiring uncritical attachment. Recently though, revelations of high death rates in a number of provincial hospitals have shaken this faith. Yet as arguments rage about whose policies are to blame for failings and errors, the NHS seen

10、from beyond Britain“s shores looks more impressive than its bad reputation at home. Many emerging economies are showing renewed interest in the system that was founded by Aneurin Bevan, a Labour politician, in 1948. Nigel Edwards, a former NHS official and health analyst with the King“s Fund, a char

11、itable think-tank, says the main reason is its status as a “national“ enterprise, providing a wide range of services to the entire population, regardless of people“s ability to pay. That aspiration unites governments as diverse as China, India, Mexico and South Africa: they are all trying to forge n

12、ational health provision from piecemeal set-upsand spending growing chunks of their GDP on the quest. Although many emerging economies also want to hang onto private insurance schemes, they relish the NHS“s emphasis on fairness towards poorer folk. Julio Frenk, a former Mexican health minister now a

13、t Harvard, praises the British approach for breaking the link between earnings and health entitlements, a problem for insurance-based systems, because premiums are often linked to wages. That solution appeals to places with large populations outside regular paid employment. “If you have to wait unti

14、l they all get regular jobs,“ Mr. Frenk says, “you“ll wait too long.“ Tailoring British-inspired services to low budgets can also spark bright new ideas, with more entrepreneurial focus than is welcome at home. Niti Pall, a doctor from Birmingham, has set up a social-enterprise company with former N

15、HS colleagues to deliver around 150 primary care practices to Indian cities, mod-elled on British GP services. Few countries want to copy say, the Care Quality Commission, which ignored hospital failures. But other British organizations are emulated. Faced with a high cost of drugs, the Chinese are

16、studying the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, which checks on the cost-efficiency of medicines and treatments. Just as the NHS influences other countries, could it learn from them? Harvard“s Mr. Frenk believes the NHS might emulate the Oportunidades, scheme of conditional cash tran

17、sfers set up in Mexico in 2002 to encourage the country“s poorest people to look after their health. Britain still lacks widespread incentives for healthy living, like South Africa“s Vitality scheme, which offers discounts on wholesome foods in return for attending the gym. And as the demand for bet

18、ter health-care value grows, countries with tight budgets and high aspirations, from Brazil to Ethiopia and Mozambique are breaking down stiff workplace demarcations to enhance hospital productivity, a debate still largely out of bounds in Britain. The NHS“s success overseas shows that it is not as

19、hopeless a cause as domestic doom mongers believe. But as it exports its best features, it also needs to pay more attention to the improvements of younger, less hidebound systems. The nation“s religion has much to teachhut a lot to learn, too.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the attitude of other countries tow

20、ards Britain“s National Health Service?（分数：2.00）A.Critical.B.Appreciative.C.Skeptical.D.Impartial.(2).What is the advantage of NHS over insurance-based systems according to Julio Frenk?（分数：2.00）A.Premiums are often linked to wages.B.It saves much time for poorer people.C.It separates earnings from h

21、ealth entitlements.D.It helps poorer folk get regular jobs.(3).The word “premiums“ (Line 4, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.expenses for policiesB.health servicesC.premisesD.taxes(4).NHS might improve itself by learning from the following EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.the scheme of conditional cash t

22、ransfers in MexicoB.the Vitality scheme of South AfricaC.the practice of enhancing hospital productivityD.the organization of Care Quality Commission(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Criticism of Britain“s Healthcare SystemB.Export of Britain“s Healthcare Sys

23、temC.Britain“s Healthcare SystemA National ReligionD.Britain“s Fairness towards Poorer Folk五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)With the usual flood of immigrants from non-English-speaking countries, there comes a multi-cultural work force. Along with this diversity comes resentment felt by natives in the market

24、place. Feelings of antagonism surface when accents are strong and foreign languages are used that some workers cannot understand. There is now a clash of forces in the workplace; the battle is centered on English-only policies. A growing number of workers are alleging discrimination on the basis of

25、language. The federal law prohibiting job discrimination comes under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title ), which prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. National-origin discrimination makes it illegal to discriminate against an indivi

26、dual because of birthplace, ancestry, and culture or linguistic characteristics common to a specific ethnic group. A rule requiring that employees speak only English on the job may violate Title VII unless an employer shows that the requirement is necessary for conducting the business. If the employ

27、er believes such a rule is necessary, employees must be informed of when English is required and the consequences for violating the rule. Donna Fernandez, language rights attorney at the Employment Law Center of San Francisco, finds that language discrimination is very prevalent in the workplace. Fe

28、rnandez states that the biases may include “English-only policies when the employee“s primary language is other than English“ or “some people may be treated differently because they speak with an accent.“ It is illegal for an employer to discriminate against an employee because of language. However,

29、 the increase in language discrimination suits indicates that employers are treating employees speaking with an accent or in a foreign language differently. “Many companies don“t know they are breaking the law with the English-only policies,“ says Fernandez. The law in this area is still developing

30、and many courts consider these policies to be a form of discrimination on the basis of race or national origin. (National origin refers to the country that a person, or that person“s ancestors, came from.) Employees can challenge a speak-English-only policy if: the rule is applied to employees who s

31、peak no English; they have difficulty speaking English; or the policy creates, or is part of, a work environment that is hostile toward national origin minority employees. An employer must show some “business necessity“ for the policy. Even if there is a business need, the policy is still illegal if

32、 there are less discriminatory alternative to the policy. Sibylle Gruber, assistant professor of English at Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Ariz., finds that employees may feel they are viewed as less intelligent if they cannot speak English perfectly. “Workers may miss out on promotions to

33、positions of authority if they can“t express themselves or communicate clearly,“ says Gruber. Often, there are subtle prejudices against some accents more than others. Speaking with a French or British accent is less frowned upon than a Spanish or Vietnamese accent. By not promoting employees becaus

34、e of an accent or language bias, a ghetto effect is created in the work force, keeping certain accents and immigrants in low-level positions.（分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph is written to introduce _.（分数：2.00）A.the appearance of diversity in work forceB.the impact of a multi-cultural labor force on

35、 the marketplaceC.the alleged language prejudice in the workplaceD.the incompatibility of immigrants with native employees(2).Which of the following is illegal according to the law mentioned in Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.English is the only language permissible in business without any exception.B.Employ

36、ees are required to speak English only on the job out of business necessity.C.An employee knows the result if no English is spoken in case of its necessity.D.Job applicants are discriminated because of their intelligence difference.(3).The writer would agree with you that _.（分数：2.00）A.language discr

37、imination is hardly a widely accepted practice in workplaceB.it is unlawful to treat an employee unequally because of languageC.many companies know English-only policies are against the lawD.language discrimination results in the English-only policy(4).According to the last paragraph, workers may mi

38、ss promotions because _.（分数：2.00）A.they are less intelligent than other workersB.they are from non-English-speaking countriesC.they fail to present themselves in perfect EnglishD.they come from less developed countries(5).The text is mainly about _.（分数：2.00）A.adverse non-English speakers“ accentsB.t

39、he discrimination against immigrantsC.hostile work environmentD.language discrimination in workplace六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Barring an extraordinary change in investor behavior in the largest emerging economies, the role of equities in the global financial system will likely be reduced in the coming

40、 decade. That“s the central finding of a new report from the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI). As emerging-market households attain a level of income that enables them to purchase financial assets, they are becoming a powerful new investor class, whose choices will help determine global demand for di

41、fferent asset classes. The actions of these new investors will, in turn, shape how businesses obtain the capital they need to grow, how other investors around the world fare, and how stable and resilient economies will be. The MGI study found that financial assets held by investors in developing nat

42、ions have been growing at more than three times the rate of assets in developed nations, raising their share of global financial wealth from 7 percent to 21 percent over the past decade, or about $ 41.3 trillion. By the end of the current decade, investors in developing economies will hold as much a

43、s 36 percent of global financial wealth, or between $114 trillion and $141 trillion. Emerging-market investors currently behave differently than those in mature economies. Investors in Europe, the United States, and wealthier parts of Asia, hold 30 to 40 percent or more of their financial assets in

44、equities, but the new investors of the emerging economies keep three-quarters of theirs in deposit accounts. While the use of equities in developing economies to finance growth and build savings is increasing, this evolution is taking place slowly. The likely result: a shift in the global allocation

45、 of financial assets toward deposits and fixed-income instruments and away from equities in this decade. This shift is being exacerbated by aging and other trends in the developed world that are dampening investor appetite for equities. As a result, equities could decline from 28 percent of global f

46、inancial assets in 2010 to 22 percent in 2020. What“s behind the slow adoption of equity investing in developing markets? For an equity-investing culture to take root, there must be trusted, transparent markets with strong protections for small investors, as well as the institutions and systems to p

47、rovide easy market access. Rules and regulations may be in place in emerging markets today, but enforcement is often unreliable. When the correct conditions are in place, investors are likely to gravitate to equities for higher returns. In the meantime, even though total investor demand for equities

48、 will grow over the next decade, it will fall short of what corporations need by $12. 3 trillion. This imbalance between the supply and demand for equity will be most pronounced in emerging economies, where companies need significant external financing for growth.（分数：10.00）(1).Equities may become le

49、ss influential unless _.（分数：2.00）A.emerging-market households buy more financial assetsB.the incomes of the new investors continue to growC.emerging-market investors change their choicesD.the new investors make the best of their powerfulness(2).What the new investors decide to do will _.（分数：2.00）A.enhance the stability and adaptability of the global economyB.shape the way businesses obtain their growth capitalC.change the fate of other investors around the worldD.effect fundamental changes in the demand for different asset classes(3).Which of the following