【考研类试卷】考研英语(一)-24 (1)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语(一)-24 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“What About the Men?“ was the title of a Congressional briefing last week timed to (1) National Work and Family Month. “What about them ?“ you may be (2) to yell.When Ellen Galinsky, president of the Families and Work Insti

2、tute, first went out on the road to talk about her organizations research into mens work-family (3) , she received many such grumpy responses. Work-life experts laughed at her. Men are (4) , they said. They dont have the right to complain. That was in 2008, before the Great Recession had hit. And th

3、is year, when Galinsky went out on the road again to talk about the results of a new study on male work-life conflict, she got a very (5) response. Some men became very (6) . They felt they didnt have permission to feel (7) . “This is what I think about each and every day, “ she recalled another man

4、 telling her. “ I didnt realize that anyone else did, “ he said. “He thought he was alone, “ Galinsky told me.(8) men are (9) work-family conflict isnt new. Indeed, its been some time now that theyand younger men in particularhave been complaining of feeling the (10) in even greater numbers of women

5、. Failure, (11) , uncertainty, the (12) that comes from spending a lifetime playing one game (13) , mid-way through, that the rules have suddenly changed, seem to have (14) the old categories of self, work and meaning for many men.Is this a bad thing? Id rather see it as a moment ripe (15) possibili

6、ty. “A new beginning, “ said Ellen Galinsky. After all, what men are starting to say sounds an awful lot like the conversational stirrings that (16) the way for the modern womens movement.For some years now, sociologists have been tracking the patterns of what they call (17) in men and womens lives.

7、 Mostly, when we think of this, we tend to focus (18) how they live, what they do, spend their time, whether they do or do not empty the dishwasher or care for their children. But what about how they feel? Now that this final frontier is being breached, I wonder if we arent fully prepared to see mor

8、e meaningful change in mensand womens and families lives than ever before. That is: if we can (19) the change and act (20) it with courage, not fear.（分数：10.00）(1).A. commemorate B. memorize C. remember D. memorial（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. attempted B. tempted C. contempted D. prompted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.

9、(3).A. balance B. combination C. conflict D. separation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. benefited B. destined C. privileged D. favored（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. similar B. different C. negative D. positive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. compassionate B. sensational C. rational D. emotional（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. overwh

10、elmed B. stressful C. lost D. inferior（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. That B. What C. As D. Whatever（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. striving B. experiencing C. struggling D. confronting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. disaster B. torture C. pain D. squeeze（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. indifference B. innocence C. instability D.

11、 insanity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. self-awareness B. self-worth C. self-esteem D. self-doubt（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. only to find B. seeking C. to find D. to seek（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. shattered B. spoiled C. shed D. shivered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. beyond B. by C. for D. with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).

12、A. laid B. cleared C. paved D. set（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. distinction B. convergence C. divergence D. discrepancy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. in B. on C. with D. by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. acquire B. anticipate C. acknowledge D. appreciate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. for B. to C. with D. upon（分数：0.50）A.B.C

13、.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Overall, belief in climate change has declined in the American public from roughly 75 percent to 55 percent between 2008 and 2011, with a recent rebound to 62 percent in the fall of 2011, the Brookings Institution s

14、urvey finds. One noted reason for the rebound was personal experiences with warmer fall and winter temperatures.Though this kind of weather disruption is what climate scientists predict, they hesitate to place too much emphasis on one or two unusual seasons as a trend that changes public opinion. If

15、 next winter is more normal, the public may get the wrong impression about the dangers of climate change. Better for science to be more convincing.But theres the rub. The American public is generally illiterate when it comes to science. And when American scientists complain about public illiteracy a

16、nd lethargy on the vitally important subject of climate change, they also have themselves to blame.Generally, those who know the most about climateand other important scientific fieldsare locked up in their university ivory towers and conference rooms, speaking a language only they can understand. A

17、nd they speak mostly to each other, not to the general public, policymakers, or business peoplenot to those who can actually make things happen.This is dangerous. We live in an age when scientific issues permeate our social, economic, and political culture. People must be educated about science and

18、the scientific process if we are to make rational and informed decisions that affect our future. But instead, the relative absence of academics and academic scholarship in the public discourse creates a vacuum into which uninformed, wrong, and downright destructive viewpoints get voiced and take hol

19、d.Heres a typical example. After the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010, conservative talk show host Rush Limbaugh argued that “The ocean will take care of this on its own if it was left alone. “ In fact, the spill created extensive damage to wide ranging marine habitats as well as the Gulf Coasts

20、fishing and tourism industries. Long-term impacts are still unclear as scientists continue to monitor underwater plumes of dissolved oil that lie along the bottom.The fact is that todays scientists are indeed lost to the academy. The failure begins with training in doctoral programs and continues th

21、rough professional development where the constant immersion in academic seminars and journals serves to weaken scientists literacy in the language of public, economic, and political discourse. Scientists limit involvement in such “outside activities“ because tenure and promotion are based primarily

22、on publication in top-tier academic journals.“In my view, few contemporary issues warrant critical analysis by problem-focused researchers more than environmental sustainability, and particularly climate change. Universities need to train emerging and seasoned scholars in the skills of communicating

23、 science to the public and policy makers. We need to develop a new generation of scholars for whom the role of public intellectual is not an anachronism. Without such changes, the climate change debate devolves into a “ logic schism“ where the ideological extremes dominate the conversation and the s

24、pace for solutions disappears into a rhetorical shouting match.（分数：10.00）(1).The recent rebound in Americans belief in climate change is _.A. the result of a successful environment campaignB. an accurate prediction by scientistsC. a natural response to unusual temperatureD. a regular cycle in public

25、 opinion（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The problem the author is mostly concerned with in this article is _.A. the ignorance of Americans in scientific issuesB. scientists obsession with theoretical rather than practical researchesC. the absence of scientists voice in the discussion of public issuesD. the def

26、ects in the promotion mechanism of universities（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is not the“ outside activities“ in the eyes of scientists?A. Writing scientific columns for the broader media.B. Churning out books for commercial press.C. Serving as an advisor in government panel.D. Travelli

27、ng to taking part in an scientific seminar.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The example of oil spill is used to highlight _.A. the publics illiteracy in scientific issuesB. the medias guilt in misleading the publicC. the danger of the absence of scientists voice in public issuesD. the scientists slow response t

28、o public events（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the authors opinion, in order to enhance publics awareness of climate change, the universities should _.A. make more videos to popularize scientific findingsB. encourage scientist to communicate more with the publicC. make more public intellectuals of social sc

29、ientistsD. restrain the time allocated by scientists to unpractical researches（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Why should we bother reading a book? All children say this occasionally. Many among our educated classes are also asking why, in a world of accelerating technology, increasing time

30、poverty and diminishing attention spans, should they invest precious time sinking into a good book?The beginnings of an answer lie in the same technology that has posed the question. Psychologists from Washington University used brain scans to see what happens inside our heads when we read stories.

31、They found that “readers mentally simulate each new situation encountered in a narrative“. The brain weaves these situations together with experiences from its own life to create a new mental synthesis. Reading a book leaves us with new neural pathways.The discovery that our brains are physically ch

32、anged by the experience of reading is something many of us will understand instinctively, as we think back to the way an extraordinary book had a transformative effect on the way we viewed the world. This transformation only takes place when we lose ourselves in a book, abandoning the emotional and

33、mental chatter of the real world. Thats why studies have found this kind of deep reading makes us more empathetic, or as Nicholas Carr puts it in his essay, The Dreams of Readers, “more alert to the inner lives of others“.This is significant because recent scientific research has also found a dramat

34、ic fall in empathy among teenagers in advanced western cultures. We cant yet be sure why this is happening, but the best hypothesis is that it is the result of their immersion in the internet. So technology reveals that our brains are being changed by technology, and then offers a potential solution

35、the book.Rationally, we know that reading is the foundation stone of all education, and therefore an essential underpinning of the knowledge economy. So reading isor should bean aspect of public policy. But perhaps even more significant is its emotional role as the starting point for individual voya

36、ges of personal development and pleasure. Books can open up emotional and imaginative landscapes that extend the corridors of the web. They can help create and reinforce our sense of self.If reading were to decline significantly, it would change the very nature of our species. If we, in the future,

37、are no longer wired for solitary reflection and creative thought, we will be diminished. But as a reader and a publisher, I am optimistic. Technology throws up as many solutions as it does challenges: for every door it closes, another opens. So the ability, offered by devices like e-readers, smartph

38、ones and tablets, to carry an entire library in your hand is an amazing opportunity. As publishers, we need to use every new piece of technology to embed long-form reading within our culture. We should concentrate on the message, not agonize over the medium.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the psychologis

39、ts from Washington University, reading a book will _.A. create new mental experience that is totally different from real-life experienceB. make readers simulate what they have read in real lifeC. bring tangible changes to the readers brainD. enhance the thinking capability of readers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D

40、.(2).For a teenager who is not sensitive to others inner feelings, the author may suggest him to _.A. stay far away from modern technologyB. immerse himself in reading booksC. abandon his old way of viewing the worldD. listen more to the emotional chatter of the real world（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the

41、 authors opinion, the most important function of reading is to _.A. lay solid foundation for all kinds of formal educationB. equip teenagers with basic skills to survive in knowledge economyC. enrich the emotional experiences of childrens inner worldD. provide a pastime for children in stressful com

42、petition（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author of this article views technology as _.A. a replacement for booksB. the root of degradationC. a hotbed for innovationD. a double-edge sword（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude toward the future of books is _.A. reasonably confidentB. blind optimisticC. ove

43、rtly pessimisticD. largely indifferent（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Years ago, Charlie, a highly respected orthopedist and a mentor of mine, found a lump in his stomach. He had a surgeon explore the area, and the diagnosis was pancreatic cancer. He went home the next day, closed his pract

44、ice, and never set foot in a hospital again. He focused on spending time with family and feeling as good as possible. Several months later, he died at home. He got no chemotherapy, radiation, or surgical treatment. Medicare didnt spend much on him.Its not a frequent topic of discussion, but doctors

45、die, too. And they dont die like the rest of us. Whats unusual about them is not how much treatment they get compared to most Americans, but how little. Of course, doctors dont want to die ; they want to live. But they know enough about modern medicine to know its limits. Almost all medical professi

46、onals have seen what we call “futile care“ being performed on people. Thats when doctors bring the cutting edge of technology to bear on a grievously ill person near the end of life. The patient will get cut open, perforated with tubes, hooked up to machines, and assaulted with drugs. I cannot count

47、 the number of times fellow physicians have told me, in words that vary only slightly, “Promise me if you find me like this that you ll kill me. “How has it come to thisthat doctors administer so much care that they wouldnt want for themselves? The simple, or not-so-simple, answer is this: patients,

48、 doctors, and the system.To see how patients play a role, imagine a scenario in which someone has lost consciousness and been admitted to an emergency room, and shocked and scared family members find themselves caught up in a maze of choices. When doctors ask if they want “everything“ done, they ans

49、wer yes. Then the nightmare begins. Feeding into the problem are unrealistic expectations of what doctors can accomplish. For example, many people think of CPR as a reliable lifesaver when, in fact, the results are usually poor.But of course its not just patients making these things happen. Doctors play an enabling role, too. The trouble is that even doctors who hate to administer futile care must find a way to address the wishes of patients and families. Imagine, once again, the eme