【考研类试卷】考研数学三-函数、极限、连续(三)及答案解析.doc

《【考研类试卷】考研数学三-函数、极限、连续(三)及答案解析.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【考研类试卷】考研数学三-函数、极限、连续(三)及答案解析.doc（29页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、考研数学三-函数、极限、连续(三)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Scientists around the world are racing to learn how to rapidly diagnose, treat and stop the spread of a new, deadly disease. SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome was (1) for the first time in February 2003 in Hanoi, (2

2、) since then has infected more than 1,600 people in 15 countries, killing 63. At this (3) , there are more questions than answers surrounding the disease.Symptoms start (4) a fever over 100.4 degrees F, chills, headache or body (5) . Within a week, the patient has a dry cough, which might (6) to sho

3、rtness of breath. In 10% to 200% of cases, patients require (7) ventilation to breathe. About 3.5% die from the disease. Symptoms (8) begin in two to seven days, but some reports suggest it (9) take as long as 10 days. Scientists are close to (10) a lab test to diagnose SARS. In the meantime, it is

4、diagnosed by its symptoms. There is no evidence (11) antibiotics or anti-viral medicines help, (12) doctors can offer only supportive care. Patients with SARS are kept in isolation to reduce the risk of (13) . Scientists arent sure yet, but some researchers think its a (14) discovered coronavirus, t

5、he family of viruses that cause some common colds.Most cases appear to have been passed (15) droplets expelled when infected patients cough or sneeze. Family members of infected people and medical workers who care for them have been most likely to (16) the illness. But recent developments in Hong Ko

6、ng suggest that the (17) might spread through air, or that the virus might (18) for two to three hours on doorknobs or other (19) Health experts say it is (20) , though, that sharing an elevator briefly with an infected person would be enough to pass the virus.（分数：10.00）(1).A detected B caught C dis

7、closed D revealed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A but B and C or D yet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A time B point C aspect D instance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A from B over C upon D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A hurt B sore C aches D feelings（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A process B advance C progress D convert（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A

8、automatic B artificial C mechanical D controlled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A regularly B ordinarily C traditionally D generally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A will B might C should D must（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A cultivating B fostering C developing D designing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A which B that C whether D what（分数

9、：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A so B but C still D yet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A communication B transportation C transformation D transmission（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A lately B newborn C newly D renewed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A under B through C beneath D from（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A acquire B receive C obtain D cont

10、ract（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A ailment B ill-health C disease D infection（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A continue B linger C delay D persist（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A exteriors B outside C surfaces D coverings（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A probably B obviously C unlikely D clearly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题

11、数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)You really do have to wonder whether a few years from now well look back at the first decade of the 21st centurywhen food prices spiked, energy prices soared, world population surged, tornados plowed through cities, floods and droughts set r

12、ecords, populations were displaced and governments were threatened by the confluence of it alland ask ourselves. What were we thinking? How did we not panic when the evidence was so obvious that wed crossed some growth, climate, natural resource and population redlines all at once? “The only answer

13、can be denial,“ argues Paul Gilding, an Australian environmentalist, in a new book called The Great Disruption. “When you are surrounded by something so big that requires you to change everything about the way you think and see the world, then denial is the natural response. But the longer we wait,

14、the bigger the response required.“Gilding cites the work of the Global Footprint Network, an alliance of scientists, which calculates how many “planet Earths“ we need to sustain our current growth rates. G. F. N. measures how much land and water area we need to produce the resources we consume and a

15、bsorb our waste, using prevailing technology. On the whole, says G. F. N. , we are currently growing at a rate that is using up the Earths resources far faster than they can be sustainably replenished, so we are eating into the future.This is not science fiction. This is what happens when our system

16、 of growth and the system of nature hit the wall at once. We are now using so many resources and putting out so much waste into the Earth that we have reached some kind of limit, given current technologies. The economy is going to have to get smaller in terms of physical impact.We will not change sy

17、stems, though, without a crisis. But dont worry, were getting there. Were currently caught in two loops: One is that more population growth and more global warming together are pushing up food prices, causing political instability in the Middle East, which leads to higher oil prices, thus to higher

18、food prices and more instability. At the same time, improved productivity means fewer people are needed in every factory to produce more stuff. So if we want to have more jobs, we need more factories. More factories making more stuff make more global warming, and that is where the two loops meet.But

19、 Gilding is actually an eco-optimist. As the impact o the imminent Great Disruption hits us, he says, “our response will be proportionally dramatic, mobilizing as we do in war. We will change at a scale and speed we can barely imagine today, completely transforming our economy, including our energy

20、and transport industries, in just a few short decades. “ We will realize, he predicts, that the consumer-driven growth model is broken and we have to move to a more happiness-driven growth model, based on people working less and owning less.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paul Gilding, faced with disastr

21、ous evidence, people wouldA be frightened into rethinking the ways we treat the earth.B refuse to admit the follies committed by human beings.C set a redline for population growth and the exploration of nature.D come up with a response required to cope with the worsening situation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(

22、2).The G. F.N. scientistsA have overstated the sustainability of the earth.B are ignorant of the serious situation the earth faces.C are overconfident about the role of current technology.D issue a warning message about the sustainability of the earth.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author agrees with Gild

23、ing thatA both growth and tapping of nature have reached their limits.B one way of breaking the loops is making better use of the technology.C the current situation is not as bad as the G. F. N. scientists state it.D improved productivity will eventually help raise the employment rate.（分数：2.00）A.B.C

24、.D.(4).To correct the situation, Gilding advocatesA stabilizing the political and economic situation.B learning useful lessons from wartime mobilization.C keeping economic growth at a sustainable rate.D making better use of current technologies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred that the happin

25、ess-driven growth model is characterized byA higher economic productivity.B slower economic growth.C less dramatic political change.D constant technological innovations.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The topic of cloning has been a politically and ethically controversial one since its very

26、 beginning. While the moral and philosophical aspects of the issues are entirely up to the interpretation of the individual, the application of cloning technology can be studied objectively. Many in the scientific community advocate the use of cloning for the preservation and support of endangered s

27、pecies of animals, which aside from cloning, have no other practical hope for avoiding extinction.The goal of the use of cloning to avoid extinction is the reintroduction of new genes into the gene pool of species with few survivors, ensuring the maintenance and expansion of genetic diversity. Likel

28、y candidates for this technique are species known to have very few surviving members, such as the African Bongo Antelope, the Sumatran Tiger, and the Chinese Giant Panda. In the case of Giant Panda, some artificial techniques for creating offspring have already been performed, perhaps paving the way

29、 for cloning as the next step in the process.With the estimated population of only about 1000 Giant Pandas left in the world, the urgency of the situation has led to desperate measures. One panda was born through the technique of artificial insemination in the San Diego Zoo in the United States. “Hu

30、a Mei“ was born in 1999 after her parents, Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling, had trouble conceiving naturally.The plan to increase the Giant Panda population through the use of cloning involves the use of a species related to the Giant Panda, the American Black Bear. Egg cells will be removed from female b

31、lack bears and then fertilized with Panda cells such as those from Ling-Ling or Hsing-Hsing. The fertilized embryo will then re-implanted into the black bear, where it will grow and mature, until a new panda is delivered from the black bear host.Critics of cloning technology argue that the emphasis

32、on cloning as a method by which to preserve species will draw funding away from other methods, such as habitat preservation and conservation. Proponents of cloning counter that many countries in which many endangered species exist are too poor to protect and maintain the species habitats anyway, mak

33、ing cloning technology the only practical way to ensure that those species survive to future generations. The issue is still hotly debated, as both sides weigh the benefits that could be achieved against the risks and ethical concerns that constantly accompany any argument on the issue. (402 words)N

34、otes: ethically 道德上。gene pool 基因库。insemination n.受精。fertilize 使受精。embryo 胚胎。proponent 支持者，拥护者。weigh A against B 权衡 A 和 B 的利弊。（分数：10.00）(1).The author raises the issue of ethical consideration in cloning in paragraph 1 in order toA identify the issues that will not be addressed in the text.B reveal a

35、n area of interest that will be explored later in the text.C identify one of the main issues affecting the cloning controversy today.D draw the readers attention to a sensitive issue that bears consideration in the topic of cloning.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author directs attention to “Hua Mei“, the

36、baby panda born in the San Diego Zoo, in order toA show that cloning as an artificial birth technique has succeeded.B argue that pandas are a particularly likely candidate for cloning.C show that artificial birth techniques other than cloning have succeeded.D demonstrate the necessity of cloning and

37、 other artificial birth techniques to the survival of certain species.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4 is written in order toA detail the process by which cloning in the panda population has been executed in the past.B guide the reader to consider the possibility of cloning in restoring the panda po

38、pulation.C demonstrate that the use of cloning to repopulate the panda species is a feasible goal.D inform the reader of how cloning would be carried out in the panda population.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The main purpose of the last paragraph is toA argue in favor of one side on a particularly controvers

39、ial topic of cloning.B display both sides arguments on another contentious issue in cloning.C redirect the readers attention to the previously raised issue of ethics in cloning.D provide further relevant information to the evaluation of cloning as a preservation technique.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can

40、 be inferred from the information given in the text that the best candidate for cloning would beA Giant Pandas.B an endangered species with many living related species.C the species in which previous techniques of artificial reproduction have been successfully applied.D those for which cloning is th

41、e only feasible method by which to reproduce the species.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Arsenic, a naturally occurring poison and carcinogen found in ground water, is strongly linked to adult-onset diabetes, U. S. researchers said on Tuesday. Odorless, tasteless, colorless and easily solub

42、le in water or wine, arsenic has long been a feared poison. A heavy dose is detectable in a corpse, but researchers say small amounts of arsenic may sicken people gradually. Dr. Ana Navas-Aeien and colleagues at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore found a “ relatively strong “ association between

43、commonly found levels of arsenic in urine and type 2 diabetes in a study of American adults. “ It seems there is maybe no safe level of arsenic. “ Navas-Acien said in a telephone interview. “ Worldwide its a huge problem, “ she said. “ As water becomes a scarce resource. the situation becomes even m

44、ore serious. “ Arsenic raises the risk for cancers of the bladder, lung, kidney, skin and, possibly, the pros tate, Navas-Acien said. The 20 percent of nearly 800 study participants who had the most arsenic in their bodies, a tolerable 16. 5 micrograms per liter of urine, had 3. 6 times the risk of

45、developing late-onset diabetes than those in the bottom 20 percent, who had 3 micrograms per liter. Levels of arsenic were 26 percent higher in people with late-onset, or type 2, diabetes than those without the disease, the study found. The U. S. government sets a limit for drinking water at 10 micr

46、ograms of arsenic per liter, which is exceeded in the water consumed by 13 million Americans who mostly live in rural areas that rely on wells to bring up ground water, the researchers wrote in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Arsenic contaminates drinking water for millions of peopl

47、e in Bangladesh, parts of Central Europe, Chile, Argentina and the western United States, where ground water is the source of drinking water and the land has higher concentrations of arsenic. Overall, 7. 8 percent of Americans are believed to have diabetes, although some do not know it. At least 90

48、percent of cases are the type 2 variety, in which the body loses its ability to use insulin properly. Navas-Acien said arsenic may play a significant role in diabetes incidence, but it is difficult to say how much. Arsenic can accumulate in the body, and can ruin the bodys ability to use insulin and

49、 perform the vital task of converting blood sugar into energy. Normally, insulin fits into cells via molecular doorways called receptors, which in turn signal the cell to move glucose inside, but arsenic enters the cell and somehow blocks the activity. Seafood is another source of arsenic, but the organic form found in shellfish and s