【考研类试卷】考博英语-76及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-76 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sound to express thoughts and

2、 feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words. The pow

3、er of words, then, lies in their associationsthe things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words

4、 that mean something to us increases. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can

5、convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and dull.（分数：20.00）(1).The origin of language is _.（分数：4.00）A.a le

6、gend handed down from the pastB.a matter that is hidden secretlyC.a question difficult to answerD.a problem not vet solved(2).One of the reasons why men invented certain sounds to express thoughts and actions was that _.（分数：4.00）A.they could agree upon certain signsB.they could write them downC.they

7、 could communicate with each otherD.they could combine them(3).What is true about the words?（分数：4.00）A.They are used to express feelings only.B.They can not be written down.C.They are simply sounds.D.They are mysterious.(4).In expressing their thoughts, great writers are able _.（分数：4.00）A.to confuse

8、 the readersB.to move men to tearsC.to move our actionsD.to puzzle our feelings(5).Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true?（分数：4.00）A.He is no more a master of words than an ordinary person.B.He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.C.He can move men to tears.

9、D.His style is always charming.三、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Today is the anniversary of that afternoon in April a year ago that I first saw the strange and appealing doll in the window of Abe Sheftel“s toy shop on Third Avenue near Fifteenth Street, just around the comer from my office, where the plate o

10、n the door reads: Dr. Samuel Amory. I remember just how it was that day: the first hint of spring floated across the East River, mixing with the soft-coal smoke from the factories and the street smells of the poor neighborhood. As I turned the comer on my way to work and came to Sheftel“s, I was mad

11、e once more aware of the poor collection of toys in the dusty window, and I remembered the approaching birthday of a small niece of mine in Cleveland, to whom I was in the habit of sending modest gifts. Therefore, I stopped and examined the window to see if there might be anything suitable, and look

12、ed at the confusing collection of unappealing objectsa red toy fire engine, some lead soldiers, cheap baseballs, bottles of ink, pens, yellowed envelopes, and advertisements for soft drinks. And thus it was that my eyes eventually came to rest upon the doll stored away in one corner, a doll with the

13、 strangest, most charming expression on her face. I could not wholly make her out, due to the shadows and the film of dust through which I was looking, but I was aware that a tremendous impression had been made upon me as though I had run into a person, as one does sometimes with a stranger, with wh

14、ose personality one is deeply impressed.（分数：20.00）(1).What made an impression on the author?（分数：4.00）A.The doll“s unusual face.B.The collection of toys.C.A stranger he met at the store.D.The resemblance of the doll to his niece.(2).Why does the author mention his niece?（分数：4.00）A.She likes dolls.B.T

15、he doll looks like her.C.She lives near Sheftel“s.D.He was looking for a gift for her.(3).Why did the author go past Sheftel“s?（分数：4.00）A.He was on his way to work.B.He was looking for a present for his niece.C.He wanted to buy some envelopes.D.He liked to look in the shop windows.(4).The story take

16、s place in the _.（分数：4.00）A.early summerB.early springC.midsummerD.late spring(5).Most of the things in the store window were _.（分数：4.00）A.expensiveB.appealingC.neatly arrangedD.unattractive四、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The United States is often considered a young nation, but in fact it is next to the ol

17、dest continuous government in the world, and the reason is that its people have always been willing to accommodate themselves to change. It should be realized, however, that sharing benefits of our achievements was the result of trial and error. Unprincipled businessmen had first to be restrained by

18、 government before they came to learn that they must serve the general good in pursuing their economic interests. Thus, although early statesmen strongly believed in private enterprise, they chose to make the post office a government monopoly and to give the schools to public ownership. Since then,

19、government has broadened its activities in many ways including preventing monopolies from taking over the economy. Increased growth by acquisition by our largest corporations has resulted in a situation where virtually independent economic giants will dominate the American economy. Growth of these v

20、ast corporate structures, even though accompanied by an increase in the number of much smaller and less powerful companies that operate under their control, foretells the creation of monopolylike structures throughout American business. In general, the major acquisitions by the sample companies were

21、 corporate organizations that were profitable and successful before acquisition. The main effect of the merger or acquisition was to transfer control and management of an already successful enterprise to a new group. Profitability ratios indicate that, in most instances, the acquired companies opera

22、ted less efficiently after acquisition. Americans hold with Lincoln that “the legitimate object of government is to do for a community of people whatever they need to have done but cannot do at all, or cannot do so well for themselves, in their separate and individual capacities.“ Clearly merger res

23、triction is one example of legitimate government intervention.（分数：20.00）(1).It is implied that the main quality of the United States stressed is its _.（分数：4.00）A.youthB.shared wealthC.trial and errorD.flexibility(2).The term “general good“ (Line 5, Para. 1) refers to _.（分数：4.00）A.efficient practices

24、B.ethical practicesC.common well-beingD.profitable decisions(3).The creation of U.S. post office monopoly is cited as an example of a _.（分数：4.00）A.replacement of the existing economic orderB.restraint of unprincipled businessmenC.flexible view of governmentD.system of shared profits(4).From the text

25、 we learn that when mergers occurred, the added companies had _.（分数：4.00）A.low profitability ratiosB.management difficultiesC.poor productivityD.achieved success(5).The author“s view of mergers is _.（分数：4.00）A.criticalB.cautiousC.qualifiedD.favorable五、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Around the world more and

26、more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventurethose who have climbed the highest mountains, explored unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people

27、who seek an immediate excitement from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. I would consider bungee jumping to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot-air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic rope tied

28、 to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is estimated that two million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee jumping involve jumping from tall bu

29、ildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modem societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people“s lives were constantly under threat. They had to go out and h

30、unt for food, diseases could not easily be cured, and life was a continuous battle for survival. Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe environment; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if

31、they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to seek danger in activities such as bungee jumping.（分数：20.00）(1).A suitable title for the passage is _.（分数：5.00）A.Dangerous Sports: What and Why?B.The Boredom of Modem LifeC.Bungee Jumping: Is It Really Dangerous?D.The Need for Excitement(2).M

32、ore and more people today _.（分数：5.00）A.are trying activities such as bungee jumpingB.are climbing the highest mountainsC.are close to death in sportsD.are looking for adventures such as exploring unknown places(3).People probably take part in dangerous sports nowadays because _.（分数：5.00）A.they have

33、a lot of free timeB.they can go to hospital if they are injuredC.their lives lack excitementD.they no longer need to hunt for food(4).The writer of the passage has a(n) _ attitude towards dangerous sports.（分数：5.00）A.positiveB.negativeC.objectiveD.subjective六、Text 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)When they advise yo

34、ur kids to “get an education“ if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide man power for your society, but not too much that you prove an embarrassment to your society. Get a high school diploma, at least. Witho

35、ut that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school. Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go f

36、or a master“s degree, make sure it is an MBA, and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect. Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more a year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those trucker

37、s was $24,000, while the full professors managed to average just $23,930. A Ph.D is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are

38、 more Ph.Ds unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far. If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages orworst of allin philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national dem

39、ands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands. Thousands of Ph.Ds are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns. You

40、 can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to rum out peopl

41、e who _.（分数：5.00）A.will not be a shame to the societyB.will become loyal citizensC.can take care of themselvesD.can meet the demands as a source of manpower(2).Many Ph.Ds are out of job because _.（分数：5.00）A.they are wrongly educatedB.they are of little commercial value to the societyC.there are fewe

42、r jobs in high schoolsD.they prefer easy jobs to more money(3).The nation is only interested in people _.（分数：5.00）A.with diplomasB.specialized in physics and chemistryC.valuable to the gross national productD.both A and C(4).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：5.00）A.Bernard Shaw didn“t finish hi

43、gh school, nor did Edison.B.One must think carefully before going for a master“s degree.C.The higher your educational level, the more money you will earn.D.If you are too well educated, you“ll make things difficult for the society.考博英语-76 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.0

44、0)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sound to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with eac

45、h other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words. The power of words, then, lies in their associationsthe things they bring up

46、before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases. Great writers are those who not

47、only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their

48、position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and dull.（分数：20.00）(1).The origin of language is _.（分数：4.00）A.a legend handed down from the pastB.a matter that is hidden secretlyC.a qu

49、estion difficult to answerD.a problem not vet solved 解析：解析 本题的依据是文章第 1段的第 1句话：How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery。从中可知 D项是正确答案。(2).One of the reasons why men invented certain sounds to express thoughts and actions was that _.（分数：4.00）A.they could agree upon certain signsB.they could write them downC.they could communicate with each other D.they could combine them解析：解析 本题可参照第 1段的第 2句话，从 so that所引导的状语从句 so that they could com