【考研类试卷】考博英语-647及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-647 及答案解析(总分：86.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：26.50)1.According to the weather forecast, which is usually _ , it will snow this afternoon.A. accurate B. precise C. exact D. perfect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The microscope can _ the object 100 times.A magnify B increase C develop D multiply（

2、分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year _ than automobile accidents. A. seven more times B. seven times more C. over seven times D. seven times（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.A good deal of the _ for his achievement in this field must go to his supervisor, Profes

3、sor Fang.A. credit B. reputation C. respect D. praise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The _ of such I. Q. tests full of questions on American culture was not questioned at that time.A. significance B. validity C. efficiency D. justification（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Chaos theory stresses the magnitude of the results prod

4、uced by so small an event as the fluttering of a butterflys wings.A. size B. volume C. result D. fame（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Some authorities trace the jury system to Anglo Saxon or even more _Germanic times.A. remote B. similar C. austere D. barbaric（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.One word describes what makes Singa

5、pore work: discipline.A. punishment B. regulation C. unemployment D. salary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The economy is showing signs of _.A. halting B. overflowing C. outbreaking D. faltering（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The rigor of the winter in Russia was often described by Mogol.A. harshness B. perturbation C. dism

6、ay D. pessimism（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.He was seriously injured in a car accident, which was _ to faulty brakes.A. attributed B. contributed C. blamed D. applied（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.His inability to learn foreign languages was a(n) obstacle to his career.A. barrier B. excess C. carrier D. impulse（分数：1.00

7、）A.B.C.D.13.I would like to get another table like this one, but the company that made it is out of_.A. order B. business C. practice D. style（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The prices quoted above do not include any taxes and levies _ upon the personnel by the government of the project-host country.A. imposed

8、B. imported C. improved D. impressed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.15.The drug store at the comer of our street sells aspirins and _ penicillin prescriptions.A. dispenses B. disposesC. disperses D. dispatches（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had mo

9、re at_.A. danger B. stake C. loss D. threat（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.He will _ resign in view of the complete failure of the research project.A doubtfully B adequately C presumably D reasonably（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.You must _ yourself, or they will continue to bully you, so you will go on living in disgrace

10、.A. promote B. strengthen C. assert D. assess（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.In fact, no matter what lengths others go to in their attempts to destroy your arguments or_your confidence, you are certain to remain unmoved and unimpressed.A. erode B. undermine C. deprive D. underestimate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.There i

11、s a real possibility that we could finish the task ahead of schedule, _ enough time.A. being there B. there wasC. should there be D. there having been（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.Even today, (through) the (hustle and bustle) of Nevsky Prospect, St. Petersburgs main street, the (classical) beauty of the city

12、(mesmerizes) the eye.A. through B. hustle and bustle C. classical D. mesmerizes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.Perhaps the only _ that physicists have are, for big science, the cultural appeal to the public of fundamental laws of nature and of the Universe.A alley B alliesC alloy D allergy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Wh

13、en the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at _.A. wrong B. trouble C. fault D. difficulty（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.24.Do you have an afternoon _this week to meet the President?A. obtainable B. available C. visible D. reliable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.A considerable amount

14、 of time and money has been invested in _ this system.A) defining B) implying C) reducing D) perfecting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.He was chosen leader by general _.A. compromise B. command C. consent D. conviction（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.27.The task wont feel so _ if you break it down into small, easy-to-accomplis

15、h steps.A. confusing B. sobering C. overpowering D. exciting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.The man went to prison, but the two boys _ with a warning.A. took off B. got off C. kept off D. set off（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without an

16、 attempt to win a further U.N. sanction.A. allies B. delegates C. voters D. juries（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.His office is _ to the Presidents; it usually takes him about three minutes to get there.A. related B. adhesive C. adherent D. adjacent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage O

17、ne(总题数：1，分数：7.00)I myself first saw Samarkand from a rise across a wilderness of crumbling ruins and great graveyards which lie between it and the airport. Suddenly we caught a glimpse of painted towers and the great blue domes of mosques and tombs shouldering the full weight of the sky among bright

18、 green trees and gardens. Beyond the gardens and the glittering domes still were those watchful mountains and their evocative snow. I found myself thinking of the thrill I had on catching my first sight of Damascus after crossing the desert from Syria. The light, file orchards and many of the trees

19、were the same but deeper still was the sense of coming into contact with one of the most astonishing cultures in history, the world of the one and only Allah and his prophet Muhammad. It was a world that completely overawed me.Yet the memory of Samarkand which stays with me most clearly is quite a h

20、umble one. Coming back to the city from the country on my last evening we passed some unusual elm trees and I stopped to have a look at them. They were, my guide told me, perhaps a thousand years old, older certainly than Genghis Khan. A flock of fat-tailed sheep (the same kind of sheep that my own

21、ancestors saw a Hottentot keeping when they landed at the Cape of Good Hope 321 years ago), tended by some Tadshik children, moved slowly home in the distance. Then from the city came quite clearly the call to prayer from mosque and minaret. I had not expected any calls at all and it made no differe

22、nce that some of the calls came over loud-speakers. Then beyond the trees an old man appeared on a donkey, dismounted, spread a prayer mat on the ground, and kneeling towards Mecca, he began to pray.From Samarkand I journeyed on to Bokhara which was once the holiest city in Central Asia. At one time

23、 it possessed over a hundred religious colleges and close to four hundred mosques. It drew adventurers of all races towards it as it did Marco Polo. Not many of them reached their destination. These days at what used to be one of the richest market places in the world, one buys ice-cream instead of

24、slaves; watches and mass-produced trinkets and fizzy drinks instead of gold, silks and turquoise jewellery. Few of the four hundred mosques remain and most have vanished without even leaving a trace.（分数：7.02）(1).Samarkand lies _A. in a desert B. high in the mountainsC. in front of Damascus D. betwee

25、n the mountains and the airport（分数：1.17）A.B.C.D.(2).The author said that he was overawed byA. the beauty of the scene B. the sight of DamascusC. the age of the place D. the world of Allah and Muhammad（分数：1.17）A.B.C.D.(3).The author refers to his clearest memory of Samarkand as “humble“ because _.A.

26、it was an ordinary scene that he rememberedB. it was his last night in the city and his last memoryC. the elm trees were older than Genghis KhanD. the trees looked impressive in the evening light（分数：1.17）A.B.C.D.(4).The author says that the sheep he saw were similar to _.A. the ones his ancestors ha

27、d keptB. the ones that lived in his own countryC. those his ancestors had seen at the Cape of Good HopeD. those his ancestors had taken to the Cape of Good Hope（分数：1.17）A.B.C.D.(5).The author was surprised to hear the calls to prayer because _.A. he was far away from the city, yet he could hear them

28、 clearlyB. he did not think there would be any callsC. the calls came from the mosquesD. the calls were no different over loud-speakers（分数：1.17）A.B.C.D.(6).The market has changed in character because now _.A. it does sell jewelleryB. the holy men do not sell thereC. it sells goods for tourists and i

29、tems of little valueD. the traders have disappeared because it is too dangerous to sell there（分数：1.17）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of

30、time. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep and wake. It controls body temperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams. These natura

31、l daily events are circadian rhythms.Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year French astronomer, Jean-Jacques dOrtous de Mairan, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time eve

32、ry morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that mans biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours instead o

33、f the 24 hours on a man-made clock. About four years ago an American doctor, Eliot Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzm

34、an hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratory is in the Monteflore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or

35、moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area. The instruments measure heartbeat, body temperature, hormones in the blo

36、od, other substances in the urine and brain waves during sleep. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches, so the person in the laboratory has no idea what time it is

37、. In the first four years of research, Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, a science reporter for The New York Times newspaper, Dava Sobol, became the first woman to take part in t

38、he experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobol wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the newspaper.（分数：6.00）(1).The biological clock is believed to play an essential role in _.A. the regulation of body temperatureB. th

39、e secretion of hormonesC. animal reproductionD. many aspects of plant and animal physiology（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In his observation, the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained its opening-and-closing cycles _.A. even when it was kept in a murky place all dayB. even if

40、it was placed in the moonlightC. even when he was observing it from a dark placeD. even during the night time（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The sentence “They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.“ (In Paragraph 4) probably means _.A. They can lead their daily lives according to their bio

41、logical clocks, without referring to a man-made clock.B. They can listen to the wonderful rhythms of the biological clock and live close to them.C. They can live by regulating their own circadian rhythms.D. They are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the experime

42、nt conducted by Mr. Weitzman, the doctor who is on duty does not work the same time each day _.A. in order to observe the abnormal behavior of the people at different timesB. so as not to be recognized by the peopleC. so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is when he starts workD. so a

43、s to leave the peoples circadian rhythms in disorder（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is Mr. Weitzmans ultimate purpose of establishing a laboratory?A. He wanted to have his experiment report published in the newspapersB. People are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythmsC. He wanted to find a

44、 way to treat peoples diseasesD. He could gain some reputation for the first scientific observation of circadian（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Miss Sobol left the laboratory _.A. on June 13th B. on June 25thC. at the end of June D. on July 7th（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：2，分数：8.00)The question of whet

45、her war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as

46、 opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social enti

47、ties function in the disservice, of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevita

48、ble in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not conflict; nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably ,an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal spec

49、ies, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this comp