【考研类试卷】考博英语-580及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-580 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.The environmental balance among ecological communities is exceedingly complex.（分数：0.50）A.almostB.successfullyC.extremelyD.rarely2.The primary objective of Basic Econometric, is to provide an elementary but a comprehensive introd

2、uction to the art and science of econometrics.（分数：0.50）A.briefB.preciseC.simplifiedD.extensive3.The plainer is a bowerbirds plumage, the more brightly it decorates its nest to attract a mate.（分数：0.50）A.more spectacularB.dullerC.flatterD.more melancholy4.General acceptance of 3-D films may prove hard

3、 to come by, as the experience of three decades ago indicated.（分数：0.50）A.obtainB.explainC.understandD.discern5.Psychologists have errantly mounted an offensive against what they describe as nastiness toward students by educators.（分数：0.50）A.arbitrarinessB.unpleasantnessC.severityD.aloofness6.When we

4、were in the mountains, we often found ourselves entirely enveloped by the fog.（分数：0.50）A.confinedB.surroundedC.darkenedD.blocked7.In the flint decades of the twentieth century, the individual gem could not be seen, but could be worked with fruitfully.（分数：0.50）A.blindlyB.completelyC.productivelyD.car

5、efully8.Recent studies have identified four major global environmental risks; acid rain, ozone depletion, deforestation and the greenhouse effect.（分数：0.50）A.recognizedB.provedC.got rid ofD.multiplied9.A number of animals in Aesops fables are portrayed as being crafty.（分数：0.50）A.vainB.virtuousC.artis

6、ticD.cunning10.Adverse reviews in the New York press may greatly Change the prospects of a new Broadway production.（分数：0.50）A.additionalB.encouragingC.unfavorableD.subversive11.Chimpanzees are frequently used as stand-ins for human beings in experiment.（分数：0.50）A.partnersB.role-modelsC.stand-bysD.su

7、bstitute12.Cowries shells were once in widespread use as a token of value.（分数：0.50）A.a symbolB.an amountC.a thingD.an investment13.Attitudes on the two sides in the Revolutionary War precluded the possibility of a peaceful solution.（分数：0.50）A.presagedB.prejudicedC.anticipatedD.prevented14.In ancient

8、 Egyptian paintings, royal figures were differentiated by making them several times larger than others.（分数：0.50）A.distinguishedB.estrangedC.deferredD.enlarged15.One word describes what makes Singapore work: discipline.（分数：0.50）A.punishmentB.regulationC.unemploymentD.salary16.Differences in positions

9、 adopted by oxygen and hydrogen atoms account for variations in the crystalline structure of different forms of ice.（分数：0.50）A.are caused byB.explainC.derive fromD.constitute17.The two psychologists had to modify the American Sign Language somewhat in order to accommodate the chimpanzees spontaneous

10、 gestures.（分数：0.50）A.changeB.abortC.shortenD.enhance18.The United States Food and Drag Administration has shown itself to be particularly wary with regard to alleged “miracle“ drugs in recent times.（分数：0.50）A.bellicoseB.exhaustedC.cautiousD.strange19.Many politicians find that they can no longer aff

11、ord the luxury of a personal chauffeur.（分数：0.50）A.valetB.driverC.secretaryD.servant20.Both a persons heredity and his environment help to shape his character.（分数：0.50）A.relativeB.educationC.nationalityD.surroundings21.Recent research into aging suggests that the bodys defense mechanisms may lose the

12、 ability to distinguish what is alien.（分数：0.50）A.insaneB.infectiousC.foreignD.poisonous22.In 1984, President Ronald Reagan proposed that the United States construct a launch laboratory for a new era of space exploration.（分数：0.50）A.probingB.revengeC.invasionD.expansion23.She was so obstinate that she

13、 wouldnt adjust her opinions.（分数：0.50）A.inflexibleB.alertC.wiseD.talented24.The mother is told that her child is desperately illthe chances of survival are slim, and the treatment is as dreadful as the disease.（分数：0.50）A.incurableB.fearfulC.impossibleD.troublesome25.No other newspaper columnist has

14、managed as yet to rival Ann Landers popularity in terms of readership.（分数：0.50）A.thoughB.in spite of thisC.evenD.so far26.Giving the child problems he cannot solve will only frustrate him.（分数：0.50）A.baffleB.worryC.alarmD.cultivate27.Jane and Tom have been able to reconcile their difference and are a

15、 happy family again.（分数：0.50）A.settleB.arrangeC.balanceD.pacify28.Sometimes a dictionary designates a noun as attributive, which means that it can be used to describe another noun or name its attributes.（分数：0.50）A.conveysB.definesC.indicatesD.explains29.Perhaps more than anything else, it was onerou

16、s taxes that led to the Peasants Revolt in England in 1381.（分数：0.50）A.multipleB.unjustC.burdensomeD.infamous30.One of the most interesting inhabitants of our world is the bee, an insect which is indigenous to all parts of the globe except the polar regions.（分数：0.50）A.residentsB.petsC.intimatesD.crea

17、tures二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：5，分数：10.00)31.By saying “Manufacturing industries and most agricultural enterprises are more distant from the censurers“, the author means _.（分数：2.00）A.their products are never sold directly into consumers handsB.they usually build their fact

18、ories far away from marketsC.they usually need agents to sell and deliver their goods into consumers handsD.they have used trucks to carry their products to consumers hands32.Paper sold to a publishing industry _.（分数：2.00）A.will influence the price of paper industryB.is a product delivered to the fi

19、nal userC.is a consumer productD.is an industrial product33.A wholesaler (Paragraph 2, Line 2) is _.（分数：2.00）A.a person who sells a great variety of foodsB.an agent who deals with industrial productsC.a person that manages big stores and factoriesD.an agent that buys and sells goods in great quantit

20、ies34.It can be inferred that _.（分数：2.00）A.most of the products exchanged at traditional markets are consumer goodsB.most of the products bought and sold at traditional markets are industrial goodsC.most farmers lived far away form marketplaces and never sold their products directlyD.most service in

21、dustries have not yet developed mature markets for their products35.Medical equipment sold to doctors is an instance of _.（分数：2.00）A.consumer productB.industrial productC.raw materialD.direct exchanged product四、Passage Two(总题数：5，分数：10.00)36.The word “prospective“ in the first sentence of the passage

22、 means _.（分数：2.00）A.would beB.prosperousC.richD.old37.Direct advertising _.（分数：2.00）A.includes all forms of sales appeals to the prospective buyerB.is produced mainly for newspaper or televisionC.is an activity by which real products are shown to buyersD.uses post as a chief means to contact prospec

23、tive buyers38.Direct-mail advertising _.（分数：2.00）A.uses letters as a chief means of providing informationB.sends old customers detailed information about new productsC.uses letters to tell prospective buyers about the local sellersD.sends over the prospective buyers sample products by parcels39.From

24、 the last paragraph we learn _.（分数：2.00）A.direct advertising is the best way to promote a productB.companies are trying to find the best way to sell their productsC.advertising is becoming enriched by the research in this areaD.old ways of advertising is giving ways to new ways of doing it40.The chi

25、ef function of unmailed advertising is _.（分数：2.00）A.to send sample products from door to doorB.to familiarize the customers with the productsC.to deliver the products directly to the retail storesD.to send information about the products in quick ways五、Passage Three(总题数：5，分数：10.00)41.Which of the fol

26、lowing income may enjoy a reduced tax or exclusion?（分数：2.00）A.Off-the-record incomeB.Self-employment earningsC.Business earningsD.Income from charitable activities42.The majority of the US state governments _.（分数：2.00）A.use different sets of roles for various taxable incomeB.apply the same policy to

27、 all sources of incomeC.allow for a reduction for self. employment earningsD.treat business and investment income in the same way43.In 1985, _.（分数：2.00）A.inflation was taken into account in the federal governments income tax policyB.inflation rate was brought under control and income lax rate was re

28、ducedC.a number of states made their own laws against the rising inflationD.the federal government adopted several inflation combating policies44.In the 1970s, _.（分数：2.00）A.many people called for the cancellation of income taxB.many people questioned the fairness of income taxC.many people stopped t

29、o pay lax because of povertyD.inflation rose beyond the governments control45.Most people accept income as a fair tax since _.（分数：2.00）A.every individual enjoys public welfareB.every citizen of a country has the duty to pay taxesC.it is within their capability to pay itD.it is closely related to the

30、 individuals benefits六、Passage Four(总题数：5，分数：10.00)46.What does the word “deprivation“ mean (Paragraph 3, Line 1)?（分数：2.00）A.DeficiencyB.ScarcityC.RemovalD.Denial47.The best title for the passage is _.（分数：2.00）A.The TwentiesB.The Great CrashC.The DepressionD.The End of World War I48.We can infer tha

31、t the author of this passage _.（分数：2.00）A.disapproves of Roosevelts “New Deal“B.thinks the Depression could have been avoidedC.blames the Depression on the “Great Crash“D.feels there was some similarity between Roosevelt and Hitler49.The “Great Crash“ in the passage refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.the end of

32、 World War IB.the Great DepressionC.high employment figuresD.a slump in the stock market50.Which of the following was NOT true at the time Roosevelt was elected?（分数：2.00）A.Stock prices were recovering slowly.B.The nation were recovering slowly.C.There were 12 million unemployed workers.D.The nation

33、needed help from the federal government.七、Passage Five(总题数：5，分数：10.00)51.Which of the following was the cause of cold weather in England from 1815 to 1818?（分数：2.00）A.Englands proximity to the North SeaB.Volcanic ash in the atmosphereC.Floorings in the areaD.Pollution caused by the International Revo

34、lution52.No one realized the cause of the deterioration of the world agricultural commodity market because _.（分数：2.00）A.there was a long interval between cause and effectB.the weather was difficult for us to forecastC.weather forecasts were inaccurateD.ecologists didnt exist until modem times53.Acco

35、rding to the passage, the effects of Tempuras eruption were _.（分数：2.00）A.of several days duration worldwideB.felt mainly in the Dutch East IndiesC.evident in the decreased world temperatureD.immediately evident to the worlds scientists54.What does the word “deteriorated“ mean? (in the last line of p

36、aragraph 2 )（分数：2.00）A.WeakenedB.ImprovedC.DepreciatedD.Decline55.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the cause of dropping temperatures?（分数：2.00）A.Volcanic eruptionsB.Mountain torrentsC.Crop and livestock productionD.The floods after the storm八、Part Cloze(总题数：0，分数：0.00)九、The fir

37、st man who co(总题数：20，分数：10.00)56.（分数：0.50）A.forestB.cookedC.man-madeD.lighting57.（分数：0.50）A.foodB.a fireC.himselfD.it58.（分数：0.50）A.byB.onC.overD.at59.（分数：0.50）A.beatingB.fryingC.dryingD.placing60.（分数：0.50）A.zoneB.sectorC.methodD.fashion61.（分数：0.50）A.volcanoB.caveC.mountainD.valley62.（分数：0.50）A.incap

38、ableB.unavoidableC.impossibleD.unpopular63.（分数：0.50）A.byB.overC.onD.to64.（分数：0.50）A.utensilB.instrumentC.toolD.equipment65.（分数：0.50）A.stoneB.boardC.tableD.plate66.（分数：0.50）A.newestB.latestC.firstD.worst67.（分数：0.50）A.brokenB.destroyedC.spoiledD.pierced68.（分数：0.50）A.rawB.crudeC.readyD.fresh69.（分数：0.50

39、）A.strongerB.betterC.moreD.longer70.（分数：0.50）A.inB.onC.throughD.for71.（分数：0.50）A.to cookB.cookingC.cookedD.cook72.（分数：0.50）A.supportedB.replacedC.changedD.switched73.（分数：0.50）A.thoughB.sinceC.soonD.even74.（分数：0.50）A.WhenB.whichC.untilD.as75.（分数：0.50）A.placesB.realmsC.areasD.domains十、Part Writing(总题数

40、：1，分数：15.00)76.1. People say we are now in a very competitive society. Do you agree with it or not? Why?2. What will we do as talented people to make our country powerful and prosperous in the new century?3. A countrys economic prosperity can be reflected in peoples daily life. Do you agree or disag

41、ree7 Give your reasons in detail.（分数：15.00）_十一、Part Translation(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Instead acid rain, ozone depletion, deforestation and the greenhouse effect.（分数：0.50）A.recognized B.provedC.got rid ofD.multiplied解析：recognize 认可，承认；prove 证明，检验；get rid of 消除；multiply 繁殖，增加；identify识别，鉴别。9.A number of a

42、nimals in Aesops fables are portrayed as being crafty.（分数：0.50）A.vainB.virtuousC.artisticD.cunning 解析：vain 徒劳的，空虚的；virtuous 善良的，纯洁的；artistic 艺术的，有美感的；cunning 狡猾的，巧妙的；crafty 狡诈的，诡计多端的。10.Adverse reviews in the New York press may greatly Change the prospects of a new Broadway production.（分数：0.50）A.add

43、itionalB.encouragingC.unfavorable D.subversive解析：additional 附加的，额外的；encouraging 奖励的；unfavorable 令人不快的，不顺利的； subversive颠覆性的，破坏性的；adverse 敌对的，相反的。11.Chimpanzees are frequently used as stand-ins for human beings in experiment.（分数：0.50）A.partnersB.role-modelsC.stand-bysD.substitute 解析：partner 合伙人，股东；rol

44、e-model 典型；stand-by 后备人员；substitute 替身，替代品； stand-ins替代品。12.Cowries shells were once in widespread use as a token of value.（分数：0.50）A.a symbol B.an amountC.a thingD.an investment解析：symbol 符号，记号，象征；amount 数量；thing 东西，事情；investment 投资；token 象征，记号。13.Attitudes on the two sides in the Revolutionary War

45、precluded the possibility of a peaceful solution.（分数：0.50）A.presagedB.prejudicedC.anticipatedD.prevented 解析：presage 预示；prejudice 损害；anticipate 预定，预见；prevent 防止，预防；preclude 排除。14.In ancient Egyptian paintings, royal figures were differentiated by making them several times larger than others.（分数：0.50）

46、A.distinguished B.estrangedC.deferredD.enlarged解析：distinguish 区别，辨别；estrange 疏远；defer 推迟，延期；enlarge 扩大，放大；differentiate区别，区分。15.One word describes what makes Singapore work: discipline.（分数：0.50）A.punishmentB.regulation C.unemploymentD.salary解析：punishment 惩罚，处罚；regulation 规则，规章；unemployment 失业，失业人数；s

47、alary 薪水；discipline纪律。16.Differences in positions adopted by oxygen and hydrogen atoms account for variations in the crystalline structure of different forms of ice.（分数：0.50）A.are caused byB.explain C.derive fromD.constitute解析：are caused by 由引起；explain 解释；derive from 源自；constitute 制订，组成；account for解

48、释。17.The two psychologists had to modify the American Sign Language somewhat in order to accommodate the chimpanzees spontaneous gestures.（分数：0.50）A.change B.abortC.shortenD.enhance解析：change 改变，变化，转变；abort 异常中断，中途夭折；shorten 缩短；enhance 提高，增强； modify修改，更改。18.The United States Food and Drag Administrat

49、ion has shown itself to be particularly wary with regard to alleged “miracle“ drugs in recent times.（分数：0.50）A.bellicoseB.exhaustedC.cautious D.strange解析：bellicose 好战的，好斗的；exhausted 耗尽的，疲惫的；cautious 谨慎的，小心的；strange 生疏的，陌生的；wary 机警的。19.Many politicians find that they can no longer afford the luxury of a personal chauffeur.（分数：0.50）A.valetB.driver C.secretaryD.serva