【考研类试卷】考博英语-579及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-579 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.I would like to say that a theory is essentially an abstract, symbolic representation of reality.（分数：1.00）A.what it is conceivedB.that is conceivedC.that is being conceived ofD.what is conceived of2.She

2、 _ her vacation so much that she didnt want it to end.（分数：1.00）A.missedB.budgetedC.loathedD.relished3._ is medical technology that allows the prolongation of life artificially while the world is already over-populated?（分数：1.00）A.Of what useB.What useC.Of which useD.Which use4.People who like to wear

3、 red clothes are more likely to be talkative and _.（分数：1.00）A.lucrativeB.introvertedC.vivaciousD.perilous5.They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about the _ meeting.（分数：1.00）A.intangibleB.sedateC.impudentD.clandestine6.Childless couples sometimes acquire _ pets to whom they can

4、 give parental love.（分数：1.00）A.size of a babyB.size like a babyC.baby-sizedD.babys size7.I was told that the woman was indifferent _ hardships and dangers.（分数：1.00）A.ofB.atC.withD.to8.A girl contemplates _ a sweater previously worn by her ex-boyfriend, but she finds the garment repulsive.（分数：1.00）A.

5、to slip intoB.to slipC.slipping intoD.slip into9.This is but a _ of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored.（分数：1.00）A.frictionB.fractionC.factionD.fracture10.Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting _ laws to protect the consumers.（分数：1.00）A.rigorousB.equivoc

6、alC.stringentD.furtive三、Section B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.She (advanced) the (theories) that those (who) had money always (made) money.（分数：1.00）A.advancedB.theoriesC.whoD.made12.Darwin considered (continuity) or similarity of (expression) (of) animals and human beings as further evidence of human evoluti

7、on (from lower forms).（分数：1.00）A.continuityB.expressionC.ofD.from lower forms13.The (military aspect) of the (United States Civil War) has always attracted the (most attention) (from scholar).（分数：1.00）A.military aspectB.United States Civil WarC.most attentionD.from scholar14.(Be your best). The (wor

8、st) disappointment you can experience is (a disappointment) (in) yourself.（分数：1.00）A.Be your bestB.worstC.a disappointmentD.in15.(It) would be (hardly) for Mrs Sharp to find (a) man (of parts) around her.（分数：1.00）A.ItB.hardlyC.aD.of parts16.Her research indicates (what) many adults routinely subscri

9、be (to) some form of what the scholar (calls) “the magical law of (contagion)“.（分数：1.00）A.whatB.toC.callsD.contagion17.Why do Mexican (emigrants) in Los Angeles (tend) to have more children than the (impoverished) peasants living (in Mexico City)?（分数：1.00）A.emigrantsB.tendC.impoverishedD.in Mexico C

10、ity18.(Few) schools (take advantages of) the vast classroom (of) the outdoors to teach the things that really (matter).（分数：1.00）A.FewB.take advantages ofC.ofD.matter19.Business men (quite generally) look upon (rising prices) as (a symptom) of (prosperities).（分数：1.00）A.quite generallyB.rising pricesC

11、.a symptomD.prosperities20.The courage (we desire) and (praise) is not the courage to die (decently) but to live (manly).（分数：1.00）A.we desireB.praiseC.decentlyD.manly四、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)(21) summary of the physical and chemical (22) of life must begin, not on the Earth, but (23) the Sun; in

12、fact, (24) the Suns very center. (25) is here that is to be found the (26) of the energy that the Sun constantly (27) space (28) light and heat. This energy is liberated at the center of the Sun as billions upon billions of nuclei hydrogen atoms (29) each other and (30) to form nuclei of helium, and

13、, (31) doing so, (32) some of the energy that is stored in the nuclei of atoms. The output of light and heat of the Sun (33) that some 600 million tons of hydrogen (34) helium in the Sun every second. This the Sun (35) for several thousands of millions of years.（分数：15.00）A.AB.TheC.ThatD.ThisA.integr

14、ityB.creationC.pollutionD.natureA.onB.inC.withD.byA.inB.onC.atD.toA.WhatB.WhichC.ItD.TheyA.sourceB.sourcesC.resourceD.resourcesA.pours out withB.pours atC.pours withD.pours out intoA.forB.byC.onD.asA.collides withB.to collide withC.collide withD.collidingA.confuseB.fuse togetherC.fuseD.confuse withA

15、.inB.byC.atD.onA.relieveB.relievingC.releaseD.releasingA.acquiresB.requiresC.inquiresD.demandsA.be switched toB.be diverted intoC.be reverted toD.be converted toA.has beenB.has been doingC.has been doneD.has done五、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Sound moves from its sour

16、ce to the ear by wave like fluctuations in air pressure, something like the peaks and troughs or the lowest point of ocean waves. One way to keep from hearing sound is to use ear plugs. Another way is to cancel out the sound with anti-sound.Using a noise maker controlled by a microprocessor, enginee

17、rs have produced sound waves that are half a wavelength out of phase with those of the noise to be quieted-each peak is matched to a trough, and vice versa. Once the researchers have recorded the offending sound, a microprocessor calculates the amplitude and wavelength of sound that will cancel out

18、the highest and lowest points of the noise. It then produces an electric current that is amplified and fed to a loudspeaker, which produces anti-sound and wipes out the noise. If the anti-sound goes out of synchronization, a microphone picks up the leftover sound and sends it back to the microproces

19、sor, which changes the phase of the anti-sound just enough to cause complete silence.The research team has concentrated on eliminating low-frequency noise from ship engines, which causes fatigue that can impair the efficiency and alertness of the crew, and may mask the warning sounds of alarm and fo

20、g signals.（分数：4.00）(1).The passage compares sound to _.（分数：1.00）A.the rising and falling of water in the oceanB.the crests and valleys of mountain rangesC.a flag waving in the airD.a machine for measuring air pressure(2).The passage discusses a way to deal with an offensive noise by _.（分数：1.00）A.div

21、erting peoples attention from itB.masking it with a louder noiseC.canceling it out electronicallyD.removing its source(3).The microprocessor described in the passage will probably be used for _.（分数：1.00）A.composing musicB.repairing alarm systemsC.eliminating engine noisesD.intensifying fog warning s

22、ounds(4).A paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss _.（分数：1.00）A.the nature of fogB.a way to improve alarm systemsC.other causes of fatigueD.other uses of the microprocessor七、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Watch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic con

23、cept of geometry being learned. Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three dimensional, itreaches out and begins grasping various kinds of objects. It is then, from perhaps nine to fifteen months, that the concepts of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now an ominous deve

24、lopment takes place. The nerve fibers in the brain insulate themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very precisely. Soon it picks up language, and it is then brought into direct communication with adults. From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, be

25、cause the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of the community into which it has been so unfortunate as to have been born. Nature, having done very well by the child to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now abandons it

26、to the arbitrary conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and numbers; and it will always retain some memory of the early halcyon days, no matter what vicissitudes it may suffer later on. The main reservoir of mathematical talent in any society is thus p

27、ossessed by children who are about two years old, children who have just learned to speak fluently.（分数：4.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：1.00）A.The impact of language on mathematicsB.Childrens ability to learn languagesC.How basic concepts of physics are learnedD.Math-learning strate

28、gies for babies(2).According to the passage, which of the following activities would teach a baby about geometry?（分数：1.00）A.Picking up a wooden blockB.Recognizing the numberC.Uttering a nonsense wordD.Looking at distant object(3).According to the author, at what age does a child probably begin to le

29、arn about sets and numbers?（分数：1.00）A.Six monthsB.Nine monthsC.Fifteen monthsD.Eighteen months(4).Which of the following conclusions is true according to the author?（分数：1.00）A.The language concepts used in early education interfere with mathematical reasoning.B.It is hopeless to try to teach childre

30、n mathematics after the age of two.C.Language teaching should incorporate some mathematical formulas.D.Preschool education should stress societys beliefs and conventions.八、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Notable as important nineteenth-century novels by women, Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and Emily Bronte

31、s Wuthering Heights treat women very differently. Shelley produced a “masculine“ text in which the fates of subordinate female characters seem entirely dependent on the actions of male heroes or anti-heroes. Bronte produced a more realistic narrative portraying a world where men battle for the favor

32、s of apparently high-spirited, independent women. Nevertheless, these two novels are alike in several crucial ways. Many readers are convinced that the compelling mysteries of each plot conceal elaborate structures of allusion and fierce, though shadowy, moral ambitions that seem to indicate metaphy

33、sical intentions, though efforts by critics to articulate these intentions have generated much controversy. Both novelists use a storytelling method that emphasizes ironic disjunctions between different perspectives on the same events as well as ironic tensions that inhere in the relationship betwee

34、n surface drama and concealed authorial intention, a method I call an evidentiary narrative technique.（分数：4.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to _.（分数：1.00）A.defend a controversial interpretation of two novelsB.explain the source of widely recognized responses to two novelsC.delineate bro

35、ad differences between two novelsD.compare and contrast two novels(2).According to the passage, Frankenstein differs from Wuthering Heights in its _.（分数：1.00）A.method of disguising the authors real purposesB.controversial effect on readersC.portrayal of men as determiners of the novels actionD.use o

36、f multiple narrators(3).Which of the following narrative strategies best exemplifies the “evidentiary narrative technique“ mentioned in the last line?（分数：1.00）A.Telling a story from the authors point of view in a way that implies both the authors and the readers ironic distance from the dramatic unf

37、olding of eventsB.Telling a story as a mystery in which the reader must deduce, from the conflicting evidence presented by several narrators, the moral and philosophical significance of character and eventC.Telling a story in a way that both directs attention to the incongruities among the points of

38、 view of several characters and hints that the plot has a significance other than that suggested by its mere eventsD.Telling a story in such a way that the authors real intentions are discernible only through interpretations of allusions to world outside that of the story(4).According to the passage

39、, the plot of Wuthering Heights and Frankenstein are notable for their elements of _.（分数：1.00）A.morality and metaphysicsB.drama and secrecyC.heroism and tensionD.mystery and irony九、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：4.00)A mysterious phenomenon is the ability of over-water migrants to travel on course. Birds, be

40、es, and other species can keep track of time without any sensory cues from the outside world, and such “biological clocks“ clearly contribute to their “compass sense.“ For example, they can use the position of the Sun or stars, along with the time of day, to find north. But compass sense alone canno

41、t explain how birds navigate the ocean: after a flock traveling east is blown far south by a storm, it will assume the proper northeasterly course to compensate. Perhaps, some scientists thought, migrants determine their geographic position on the Earth by celestial navigation, almost as human navig

42、ators use stars and planets, but this would demand of the animals a fantastic map sense. Researchers now know that some species have a magnetic sense, which might allow migrants to determine their geographic location by detecting variations in the strength of the Earths magnetic field.（分数：4.00）(1).T

43、he main idea of the passage is that _.（分数：1.00）A.migration over land requires a simpler explanation than migration over water doesB.the means by which animals migrate over water are complex and only partly understoodC.the ability of migrant animals to keep track of time is related to their magnetic

44、senseD.knowledge of geographic location is essential to migrants with little or no compass sense(2).It can be inferred from the passage that if the flock of birds described in the passage were navigating by compass sense alone, they would, after the storm, fly _.（分数：1.00）A.eastB.northC.northwestD.so

45、uth(3).In maintaining that migrating animals would need “a fantastic map sense“ to determine their geographic position by celestial navigation, the author intends to express _.（分数：1.00）A.admiration for the ability of the migrantsB.skepticism about celestial navigation as an explanationC.certainty th

46、at the phenomenon of migration will remain mysteriousD.interest in a new method of accounting for over-water migration(4).Of the following descriptions of migrating animals, which most strongly suggests that the animals are depending on magnetic cues to orient themselves?（分数：1.00）A.Pigeons can prope

47、rly read just their course even when flying long distances through exceedingly dense fogs.B.Bison are able to reach their destination by passing through a landscape that has been partially altered by a recent fire.C.Elephants are able to find grounds that some members of the herd have never seen bef

48、ore.D.Swallows are able to return to a given spot at the same time every year.十、Passage Five(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating

49、the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints-ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that “come naturally“ in archetypal situations in any culture. Our “frailties“ -emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love-may be a very mixed assortment, but they share at least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, “in the grip“ of them. And thus they give us our sense of constraints.Unhappily, some of those frailties-our need for ever-inc