【考研类试卷】考博英语-362及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-362 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：1，分数：30.00)For years, doctors have given cancer patients three main treatments: surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Now researchers are developing a fourth weapon: the patients own immune system. New vaccines and drugs can stimulate the p

2、roduction of an army of cells and antibodies that kill cancer cells.Drug-vaccine therapy may be lifesaver for Deerfield man. Few people survive advanced melanoma, but immune therapy is giving Deerfield resident Douglas Parker a fighting chance. The 46-year-old salesman noticed a mole on his chest th

3、ree and a half years ago that was found to be cancerous. Doctors removed the mole but didnt get all of the cancer. The cancer spread to other parts of his body, including his liver, where a tumor grew as large as a baseball. Parker took interferon and interleukin-2 to boost his immune systems abilit

4、y to fight the cancer. The tumor shrank but didnt disappear. In August, 1997, surgeons removed it, along with two-thirds of his liver. Last January, doctors discovered a new tumor on Parkers left adrenal gland. He received an experimental cancer vaccine at the University of Chicago Hospitals, but th

5、e vaccine didnt stop the cancer from spreading to his right adrenal gland.To augment the vaccine, doctors at Lutheran General Hospital gave Parker a new round of interleukin-2 and interferon. The drug-vaccine combination has shrunk the tumors. And while its too early to pronounce Parker cured, immun

6、e therapy may save his life. “I want to do this to help myself as well as other people who have melanoma, he said.Immune therapy “ultimately will be a significant change in the way we treat a lot of different cancers,“ said Dr. Jon Richards of Lutheran General Hospital in Park Ridge, who is testing

7、cancer vaccines on melanoma patients. “It will be an equal partner with the other three treatments in the next five to ten years.“ Several drugs that bolster the immune system have been approved, and vaccines are being tested in dozens of clinical trials, including several in the Chicago area. Many

8、of the experimental vaccines have been tested on patients with advanced melanoma who have little chance of surviving with conventional treatments alone. Researchers also have begun doing work that could lead to vaccines to treat prostate, lung, colon and other cancers.Immune therapy alone wont cure

9、cancer. But when used after conventional treatments, it could kill cancer cells that survive surgery, radiation or chemotherapy, researchers said. Some day, vaccines also might be able to prevent certain cancers. It may be possible to vaccinate against viruses and bacteria that help cause cervical,

10、liver and stomach cancers, the National Cancer Institute said.（分数：30.00）(1).The “fourth weapon“ cures cancer by_.（分数：1.50）A.replacing cancerous cellsB.boosting the immune systemC.killing cancer cells directlyD.quickening the reproduction of cells(2).Before he tried the drug-vaccine combination, Mr.

11、Parker was kept alive through _.（分数：1.50）A.surgeryB.radiationC.chemotherapyD.immune therapy(3).What does Dr. Jon Richards mean when he says “It will be an equal partner with the other three treatments in the next five to ten years“ ?（分数：1.50）A.Within a decade, immune therapy will replace the other t

12、reatments.B.In the near future, immune therapy will prove to be a better treatment.C.For some time, immune therapy will not be the only treatment for the desired effect.D.Within the next five to ten years, immune therapy will only be the main treatment for cancer.(4).According to the passage, the pr

13、ospect of curing cancer through immune therapy is _.（分数：1.50）A.dimB.doomedC.questionableD.bright(5).According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT that _.（分数：1.50）A.Mr. Parker will successfully survive his cancerB.immune therapy has made a great difference in curing cancerC.Mr. Parke

14、r is willing to receive immune therapyD.immune therapy is the most effective when supplemented by conventional treatment(6).The major dispute in 1954 can be summarized as _.（分数：1.50）A.which children should attend what schoolsB.what kind of education schools should provide for childrenC.what kind of

15、schooling was the most idealD.how schools should achieve high academic performance(7).The second paragraph is mainly about_.（分数：1.50）A.social evils existing in the 1950s and 1960sB.reforms carried out in the educational systemC.pressure for reforming the educational systemD.discriminatory practices

16、against the ethnic groups(8).Educators accused intelligence and aptitude tests of_.（分数：1.50）A.ignoring contemporary social problemsB.being the only standard for enrolling applicantsC.being culturally biased towards some studentsD.net reflecting the applicants real competence(9).The author regards th

17、e appeal to education reform in the 1950s and the 1960s chiefly as_.（分数：1.50）A.a proper reaction to racial discrimination of the timeB.a demand for an innovative curriculum and teaching methodC.no more than a challenge reformers put to conservativesD.an effort to enhance education levels of the coun

18、try(10).The best title for this passage might be _.（分数：1.50）A.The Discriminatory Educational Policies in the 1950s and 1960sB.The Demand for Educational Reform in the 1950s and 1960sC.The Racial Problems in Schools in the 1950s and 1960sD.The Educational Reforms in the 1950s and 1960s(11).In the aut

19、hors opinion, people judge others by_.（分数：1.50）A.the type of work they doB.the place where they workC.the time they spend at workD.the amount of money they earn(12).According to the author, in the future, work will _.（分数：1.50）A.matter less than it does nowB.be as important as it is nowC.be better pa

20、id than it is nowD.offer more satisfaction(13).What does the author think is needed to solve our industrial problems?（分数：1.50）A.A reduction in the number of strikes.B.Equality in salaries.C.A more equal distribution of responsibility.D.An improvement in moral standards.(14).What advantages does the

21、author say managers have over other workers?（分数：1.50）A.They cannot lose their jobs.B.They get time off to attend course.C.They can work at whatever interests them.D.They can make their own decisions.(15).Working conditions generally remain bad because _.（分数：1.50）A.the workers are quite satisfied wit

22、h themB.no one can decide what to do about themC.managers see no need to change themD.office workers want to protect their positions(16).The best title for this passage is _.（分数：1.50）A.Fitting Punishment to the CrimeB.Approaches to Just PunishmentC.Improvement in Legal JusticeD.Attaining Justice in

23、the Courts(17).Hegel would view the death sentence for murder as _.（分数：1.50）A.inadequate justiceB.an admission of not being able to cure a diseaseC.the best way for society to get revengeD.an inalienable birthright of the murderer(18).The passage implies that the basic difference between retributive

24、 justice and corrective justice is the_.（分数：1.50）A.type of crime that was provenB.severity of the punishmentC.reason for the sentenceD.outcome of the trial(19).The punishment that would be most inconsistent with the views of corrective justice would be_.（分数：1.50）A.forced laborB.imprisonmentC.fair se

25、ntenceD.the electric chair(20).The biblical expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth“ was presented in order to_.（分数：1.50）A.prove that equality demands just punishmentB.justifies the need for punishments as a part of lawC.give moral backing to retributive justiceD.show that man has lon

26、g been interested in justice二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.In her description of the brain as an interpreter of message from the nervous system, Henderson cautioned that interpreters, however proficient, are fallible and can_ communications.（分数：0.50）A.discloseB.conveyC.impedeD.distort2.Modern s

27、cientists hold that truth is not something that we first _ and then explore in all its ramifications, but something found at the end of long investigations.（分数：0.50）A.postulateB.vindicateC.identifyD.ratify3.Why did you _ such a good job when jobs are so hard to get?（分数：0.50）A.throw aboutB.throw offC

28、.throw upD.throw out4.This road is _ to flood in summer, so it is necessary for us to build a reservoir during the drought.（分数：0.50）A.liableB.conduciveC.susceptibleD.prescriptive5._, there are more similarities between various people of the world than there are differences.（分数：0.50）A.High and lowB.N

29、ow and againC.Up and aboutD.By. and large6.The people were tired of reform crusades; they wanted no part of an idea that might ttirn into a_.（分数：0.50）A.respiteB.realityC.mistakeD.cause7._ for its own sake is so admired that we find ourselves paying respectful attention not only to channel swimmers b

30、ut also to people who can dance without stopping for the longest period of time.（分数：0.50）A.SkillB.LongevityC.EnduranceD.Bravery8.Peoples behavior patterns must be _ with their goals.（分数：0.50）A.consentedB.convertibleC.compatibleD.confronted9.Its usually the ease that, when furious, people seldom act

31、in a _ way.（分数：0.50）A.deducibleB.rationalC.compatibleD.plausible10.The Indian wars were an ugly _ in the history of United States.（分数：0.50）A.partB.adventureC.chapterD.episode11.Those old buildings were _ to make room for a new shopping center.（分数：0.50）A.rattledB.reprovedC.retractedD.razed12.John was

32、 surprised to _ Matthew at the football game.（分数：0.50）A.bump intoB.drop in atC.come onD.see off13.The managements uncompromising position made negotiations with the Labor Union _difficult.（分数：0.50）A.substantiallyB.frequentlyC.incrediblyD.rationally14.The conference was held in a hall _ by a number o

33、f rows of large lamps.（分数：0.50）A.inducedB.illustratedC.illuminatedD.ignited15.Its desirable that you have to speak to both groups of men quickly if you want to _a nasty disagreement.（分数：0.50）A.head offB.clear withC.get acrossD.leap out16.World population will continue rising from the current 5 billi

34、on until about 2050, but if the trends of the 1980s continue, it will _ at about 9 billion.（分数：0.50）A.level upB.level offC.level onD.level down17.When there are many conflicting opinions, it is hard to _ the truth.（分数：0.50）A.dissipateB.discernC.disputeD.dispose18.I saw them bending with great _ over

35、 the machines, after 6 hours working they found the fault.（分数：0.50）A.concentrationB.endeavorC.absorptionD.tolerance19.If the rain does not stop till tomorrow, our plan of camping will_ . But dont be upset, we still have chance.A. fall through B r fall off C. fall out D. fall away（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.

36、Although a few contemporaries _ the book, most either ignored or mocked it.（分数：0.50）A.degradedB.reconciledC.ridiculedD.appreciated21.The worlds governments have done _ nothing to combat the threat of nuclear accidents.（分数：0.50）A.rarelyB.nearlyC.barelyD.intrinsically22.His inability to learn foreign

37、languages was an _ to his career, he felt very affliction.（分数：0.50）A.occurrenceB.obstacleC.disturbanceD.shortage23.Topics for conversation should be _ to the experiences and interests of the students.（分数：0.50）A.rigidB.rigorousC.remarkableD.relevant24.The women workers protested strongly that their w

38、ages were not in _ to the work they had done.（分数：0.50）A.accordanceB.proportionC.conformityD.comparison25.Radio and television make it possible for the news to be widely _.（分数：0.50）A.dislocatedB.disseminatedC.disbandedD.dismantled26.Some people told me that a new kind of domestic robot could be used

39、easily and could be _in a cupboard at any time.（分数：0.50）A.put offB.put rightC.put awayD.put aside27.The director has_ me with the unpleasant job of dismissing perfectly good workers that the firm can no longer afford to employ.（分数：0.50）A.forcedB.pressedC.lumberedD.engaged28.The newly elected leader

40、has declared his intention of cleaning _ the civil administrative organs.（分数：0.50）A.downB.offC.upD.out29.Even before the treaties were _, the “permanent Indian frontier“ was moved farther west,（分数：0.50）A.invalidatedB.provedC.ratifiedD.refuted30.Mr. Jones _ the sale of his house which was near the be

41、autiful beach in the lawyers office.（分数：0.50）A.transposedB.transactedC.transfixedD.transcribed三、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)An office is the “brain“ of a business. In an office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shop

42、s or factories. These figures guide the managers (51) telling them what has happened and what is happening.Information comes into an office in all sorts of (52) but the main items of information comein regularly. It is part of the job of the clerks to collect and classify that information and to put

43、 it into a form that is easily interpreted and understood. Offices collect information, then they(53) it.This work of collection is common in an office from the sorting of mail every morning to the accountants work in finding (54) the final figure for years profit. (55) always requires the arrangeme

44、nt of the same kind of information, often into lists or columns. For this work, correctness, accuracy and speed, as in all office work, are essential.There is no value, (56) , in collecting the figures (57) mean nothing. (58) are guides which should help us (59) decisions. The interpretation of info

45、rmation and of tables should tell us where success or (60) lies, where profit can be had and where (61) occur. On this kind of information and from the known figures, a choice is (62) and a series of such choices may make a policy.A firm which has three factories may find, (63) . instance, from its

46、figures, that one factory is losing money and a choice may lie between either a change of manager, a cut in production, an increase in production (64) closure of the factory. Whichever one of these decisions is taken becomes the policy. It is clear (65) a decision leading to a policy can only be as

47、good (66) the information (67) which it is based.Consequently there is a constant search (68) more and more exact information. Managers will want to have all the necessary facts (69) they can make the best decision and it is normal for (70) to seek for more and more information.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、Part English-Chine(总题数：1，分数：15.00)71.One of the major pleasures in life is appetite, and one of our major duties should be to preserve it. Appetite is the keenness