【考研类试卷】考博英语-328及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-328 及答案解析(总分：160.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is_.（分数：1.00）A.firmB.companyC.corporationD.enterprise2.The chairman of the board_on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer

2、 afford to employ.（分数：1.00）A.compelledB.posedC.pressedD.tempted3.I didnt_to take a taxi but I had to as I was late.（分数：1.00）A.assumeB.supposeC.meanD.hope4.Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of travelling_heavy schedules.（分数：1.00）A.with regard toB.as toC.in relation toD.owing to5.A

3、lthough they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still_.（分数：1.00）A.blankB.hollowC.vacantD.bare6.Costs of doing so come cheap when measured against an overall advertising_.（分数：1.00）A.bailB.brokerageC.budgetD.bill7.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able

4、to_some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.（分数：1.00）A.overturnB.overtakeC.offsetD.oppress8.If the seller fails to provide good title, the contract will become null and_.（分数：1.00）A.vacantB.voidC.brokeD.bubble9.The house was very quiet,_as it was on the side of a mountain.（分数：1.00）A.isolate

5、dB.isolatingC.being isolatedD.having been isolated10.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be_the welfare of his animals.（分数：1.00）A.critical aboutB.indignant atC.indifferent toD.subject to11.Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoinin

6、g rooms may result in _and lack of unity in style.（分数：1.00）A.conflictB.confrontationC.disturbanceD.disharmony12.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with_.（分数：1.00）A.for longB.in and outC.once for allD.by nature13.All the key words in the article are

7、 printed in_type so as to attract readers attention.（分数：1.00）A.darkB.denseC.blackD.bold14.The Export-Import Bank extends long-term_at favorable rate to foreign buyers, thus financing the purchase of U. S. goods and services.（分数：1.00）A.mortgagesB.securitiesC.insurancesD.loans15.American football and

8、baseball are becoming known to the British public through televised_from the United States.（分数：1.00）A.transferB.deliveriesC.transportationD.transmissions16.The timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once_.（分数：1.00）A.thrivedB.swelled

9、C.prosperedD.flourished17.He always did well at school_having to do part-time jobs every now and then.（分数：1.00）A.in spite ofB.regardless ofC.on account ofD.in case of18.On New Years Eve, New York City holds an outdoor_which attracts a crowd of a million or more people.（分数：1.00）A.incidentB.eventC.cas

10、eD.affair19.Our son doesnt know what to_at the university; he cant make up his mind about his future.（分数：1.00）A.take inB.take upC.take overD.take after20.In Disneyland, every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney re fused to_signs asking his “guests“ not to step on them.（分数：1.00）A.pu

11、t downB.put outC.put upD.put off二、Section Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Most people who travel long distance complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travel ers less productive and more prone (21) making mistakes. It is actually caused by (22) of your “body clock“ a small cluster of brain cells that control

12、s the timing of biological (23) . The body clock is designed for a (24) rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it (25) daylight and darkness at the “wrong“ times in a new time zone. The (26) of jetlag often persist for days (27) the internal body clock slowly adjus

13、ts to the new time zone.Now a new anti-jetlag system is (28) that is based on proven (29) pioneering scien tific research. Dr. Martin Mooreede had (30) a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone (31) controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy

14、 to accomplish and eliminates (32) of the discomfort of jetlag.A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either (33) or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule (34) light exposure depends a great deal on (35

15、) travel plans.（分数：15.00）A.fromB.ofC.forD.toA.eruptionB.disruptionC.ruptureD.corruptionA.actionsB.functionsC.behaviorD.reflectionA.formalB.continualC.regularD.circularA.experiencesB.possessesC.encountersD.retainsA.signsB.defectsC.diseasesD.symptomsA.ifB.whereasC.whileD.althoughA.agreeableB.available

16、C.adaptableD.approachableA.extensiveB.tentativeC.broadD.inclusiveA.devisedB.scrutinizedC.visualizedD.recognizedA.inB.asC.atD.throughA.moreB.littleC.mostD.leastA.shedB.retrieveC.seekD.attainA.inB.forC.onD.withA.specificB.complicatedC.uniqueD.peculiar三、Section Reading Co(总题数：4，分数：20.00)1In bringing up

17、 children, every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition (学会) of each new skillthe first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failu

18、re and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any le

19、arning opportuni ties, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for him self.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctu

20、ality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness.As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day a

21、nd excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept“. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their chil dren may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselv

22、es, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.（分数：5.00）(1).Eagerly watching the childs acquisition of new skills_.（分数：1.00）A.should be avoidedB.is universal among pare

23、ntsC.sets up dangerous states of worry in the childD.will make him lose interest in learning new things(2).In the process of childrens learning new skills parents_.（分数：1.00）A.should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they readB.should not expect too much of themC.should

24、 achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their ownD.should create as many learning opportunities as possible(3).The second paragraph mainly tells us that_.（分数：1.00）A.parents should be strict with their childrenB.parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and

25、the values of the communityC.parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the chil dren aloneD.parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation(4).The word “precept“ ( Line 4, Par（分数：1.00）A.3) probably means“_“.A. ideaB. punishmentC. be

26、haviourD. instruction(5).In moral matters, parents should_.（分数：1.00）A.observe the rules themselvesB.be aware of the marked difference between adults and childrenC.forbid things which have no foundation in moralityD.consistently ensure the security of their children2A good modern newspaper is an extr

27、aordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特 写) as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to

28、criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs

29、of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many dif ferent readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But im

30、mediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient ( 短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that days paper, his own sel

31、ection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but with out wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.（分数：5.00）(1).A mode

32、rn newspaper is remarkable for all the following except its_.（分数：1.00）A.wide coverageB.uniform styleC.speed in reporting newsD.popularity(2).According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the “same“ newspaper is that_.（分数：1.00）A.people scan for the news they are interested inB.di

33、fferent people prefer different newspapersC.people are rarely interested in the same kind of newsD.people have different views about what a good newspaper is(3).It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers_.（分数：1.00）A.apply reading techniques skillfullyB.jump from one newspaper to ano

34、therC.appreciate the variety of a newspaperD.usually read a newspaper selectively(4).A good newspaper offers “a variety“ to readers because_.（分数：1.00）A.it tries to serve different readersB.it has to cover things that happen in a certain localityC.readers are difficult to pleaseD.readers like to read

35、 different newspapers(5).The best title for this passage would be“_“.（分数：1.00）A.The Importance of Newspaper TopicalityB.The Characteristics of a Good NewspaperC.The Variety of a Good NewspaperD.Some Suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper3American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David

36、 Dinges, a sleep spe cialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. “Theres even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. “ Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: “Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness

37、eleven. “Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping,“ says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an “American sleep

38、debt“ which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was con cerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president

39、 Clinton is trying to take a half hour snooze (打瞌睡) every af ternoon.About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have “a midafternoon quiet phase“ also called “a secondary sleep gate. “ Sleeping 15 mi nutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and

40、make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.We Superstars of Snooze dont nap to replace lost shut eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we “snack“ on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and bed

41、s; and in libraries, offices and museums.（分数：5.00）(1).It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is_.（分数：1.00）A.unreasonableB.criminalC.harmfulD.costly(2).The research done by the Dement commission shows that Americans_.（分数：1.00）A.dont like to take napsB.are terribly worried abo

42、ut their national debtC.sleep less than is good for themD.have caused many industrial and traffic accidents(3).The purpose of this article is to_.（分数：1.00）A.warn us of the wickedness of nappingB.explain the danger of sleepinessC.discuss the side effects of nappingD.convince the reader of the necessi

43、ty of napping(4).The “American sleep debt“ ( Line 1, Par（分数：1.00）A.3) is the result of_.A. the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleepB. the new sleep policy of the Clinton AdministrationC. the rapid development of American industryD. the Americans worry about the danger of sleepine

44、ss(5).The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is_.（分数：1.00）A.preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shiftB.good practice to eat something light before we go to bedC.essential to make up for lost sleepD.natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it4 Violin prodigi

45、es, I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the worlds greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. “It is very clear

46、,“ he told me. “They were all Jews (犹 太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage. “ As a result, every Jewish parents dream was to have

47、a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values ex cellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. “In Japan, a most competitive s

48、ociety, with stronger disci pline than ours. “ says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War , that mu sic not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Kore an

49、s and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.Thats a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, bio logical inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for exam ple, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.（分数：5.00）(1).Jewish parents in Eastern Europ