【考研类试卷】考博英语-323及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-323 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.The students are attracted by the _ of the snow-covered mountains when they look out of the train.（分数：1.00）A.notabilityB.nobilityC.majestyD.visibility2.A _ translation is not always the closest

2、 to the original meaning.（分数：1.00）A.liberalB.literalC.literaryD.literate3.Living in poverty, John sold for 500 dollars the _ of his mothers first work which made her famous.（分数：1.00）A.documentB.fileC.duplicateD.manuscript4.We are convinced that we are on the _ of an important discovery.（分数：1.00）A.th

3、resholdB.householdC.threadD.entrance5.She _ herself bitterly for her behavior that evening.（分数：1.00）A.blamedB.accusedC.reproachedD.scolded6.The old man was remarkably _ . He was a musician, engineer, writer and philosopher.（分数：1.00）A.unilateralB.universalC.audaciousD.versatile7.The trucks _ heavy go

4、ods-from factories to the ports.（分数：1.00）A.pullB.haulC.dragD.push8.Asian economic crisis has only a _ effect on the lives of Chinese people.（分数：1.00）A.discreteB.massiveC.marginalD.subordinate9.The continuous unrest was _ the nations economy.（分数：1.00）A.exaggeratingB.aggravatingC.amendingD.fastening10

5、.She _ some salt on her food to make it taste better.（分数：1.00）A.sprinkledB.sprayedC.scatteredD.dispersed11.My grandmother has been ill for two months, so her health has _ .（分数：1.00）A.deterioratedB.diminishedC.dwindledD.lessened12.The company used so much coal that it has a train to _ the delivery pr

6、ocess.（分数：1.00）A.transmitB.transportC.facilitateD.diminish13.As ordinary people, scientists are by no means more honest or _ than other people, but as scientists, they attach special value to honesty while they are in their working sphere.（分数：1.00）A.ethicalB.ethnicC.aestheticD.esthetic14.Should the

7、death penalty be _ ?（分数：1.00）A.abolishedB.abandonedC.eliminatedD.omitted15.The girl _ when she couldnt answer the question in the presence of all her classmates.（分数：1.00）A.flourishedB.flatteredC.flushedD.fluttered16.His career _ in his appointment as director.（分数：1.00）A.contaminatedB.culminatedC.con

8、tractedD.contacted17.If we say something is _ , we mean that we find it extremely pleasant or enjoyable.（分数：1.00）A.graciousB.gloomyC.giganticD.gorgeous18.He didnt notice me in the crowd; but he spotted my sister who was _ because of her red hair.（分数：1.00）A.consciousB.conspicuousC.dimD.conscientious1

9、9.The hum of conversation _ as the chairman mounted the rostrum.（分数：1.00）A.died outB.died offC.died ofD.died away20.The flowers in the vase _ because they had no water.（分数：1.00）A.witheredB.wrinkledC.ripenedD.prospered三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Over the past century

10、, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabe

11、t.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabe

12、t. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alph

13、abet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrtien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to th

14、e top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffet, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in

15、 early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the t

16、ime the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get th

17、eir awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees, all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.（分数：1

18、0.00）(1).What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?（分数：2.00）A.A kind of overlooked inequality.B.A type of conspicuous bias.C.A type of personal prejudice.D.A kind of brand discrimination.(2).What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.In both East and

19、West, names are essential to success.B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo Zysman.C.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.D.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recogniz(3).The 4th paragraph suggests that _ .（分数：2.00）A.questions are often put to the more intell

20、igent studentsB.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC.teachers should pay attention to all of their studentsD.students should be seated according to their eyesight(4).What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ“ (Lines 23, Paragraph 5)?（分数：2.00）A.The

21、y are getting impatient.B.They are noisily dozing off.C.They are feeling humiliated.D.They are busy with word puzzles.(5).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B.VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal fro

22、m alphabetism.C.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, fi

23、lling or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $ 50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “Im a good economic indicator,“ She says. “I provide a service that people can do without whe

24、n theyre concerned about saving some dollars. “ So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,“ she says.Even before Alan Greenspans admission that Amer

25、icas red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving a

26、nd Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospe

27、cts, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “theres a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million ra

28、nge, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,“ says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,“ says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel p

29、retty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings

30、, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattans hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods

31、. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The o

32、rderliness of the society doesnt mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly s

33、ociety cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldnt feel bad for taking what youre entitled to, youre as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare S

34、ystem are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.（分数：10.00）(1).The author thinks that Danes adopt a

35、 _ attitude towards their country.（分数：2.00）A.boastfulB.modestC.deprecatingD.mysterious(2).Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Fondness of foreign culture.B.Equality in society.C.Linguistic tolerance.D.Persistent plannin(3).The authors reaction to the

36、 statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is _ .（分数：2.00）A.disapprovingB.approvingC.noncommittalD.doubtful(4).According to the passage, Danish orderliness _ .（分数：2.00）A.sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB.spares Danes social troubles besetting other peoplesC.is considered econom

37、ically essential to the countryD.prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles(5).At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that _ .（分数：2.00）A.Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB.Danes take for granted what is given to themC.the open system helps to

38、tide the country overD.orderliness has alleviated unemployment七、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual“ or simulated environment for surgeons and othe

39、rs medical Practitioners (从业者).“With virtual reality well be able to put a surgeon in every trench,“ said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeo

40、ns back in the U. S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.Although Satavas vision may

41、be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are conn

42、ected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is f

43、inding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive

44、 surgical path to the tumor (肿瘤). Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patients brain tak

45、en before surgery.During these proceduresoperations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuveredsurgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surge

46、ons can.Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine. /（分数：10.00）(1).According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine _ .（分数：2.00）A.will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefieldB.can raise the spirits of soldiers w

47、ounded on the battlefieldC.will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefieldD.can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield(2).Richard Satava has visions of _ .（分数：2.00）A.using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseasB.wounded soldi

48、ers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefieldC.wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeonsD.setting up mobile surgical units overseas(3).How is virtual reality surgery performed?（分数：2.00）A.It is performed by a computer-designed high precision devi

49、ce.B.Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.C.Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them.D.A 3-D image records the movement s of the surgeons during the operation.(4).During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because _ .（分数：2.00）A.he is looking at the cuts on a computer screenB.the cuts can b