【考研类试卷】考博英语-284及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-284 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Just as there are occupations that require college or even higher degrees, _ occupations for which technical training is necessary.（分数：1.00）A.so too there areB.so also there areC.so there are tooD.so too are there2.The retired e

2、ngineer plunked down 50000 in cash for a mid-size Mercedes as a present for his wife a purchase _ with money made in the stock market the week before.（分数：1.00）A.paid offB.paid throughC.paid outD.paid for3.He has courage all right, but in matters requiring judgment, he has often been found sadly _.（分

3、数：1.00）A.lack itB.absentC.in need of itD.wanting4.The need to see that justice is done _ every decision made in the courts.（分数：1.00）A.implants intoB.imposes onC.impinges uponD.imprecates upon5.The very biggest and most murderous wars during the industrial age were intra-industrial- wars that Second

4、Wave nations like Germany and Britain _ against one another.（分数：1.00）A.pittedB.droveC.keptD.embarked6.Danis Hayes raised the essential paradox and asked how people could have fought so hard against environmental degradation _ themselves now on the verge of losing the war.（分数：1.00）A.only foundB.findi

5、ng onlyC.only to findD.have only found7.From Christianity and the barbarian kingdoms of the west emerged the medieval version of politics _ in turn evolved the politics of our modern world.（分数：1.00）A.of whichB.from whichC.on whichD.by which8.The once separate issue of environment and development are

6、 now _ linked.（分数：1.00）A.intangibleB.indispensableC.inextricablyD.incredibly9.Huntington and many of its competitors are working to make remedial instruction a commodity as _ and accessible as frozen yogurt.（分数：1.00）A.ubiquitousB.rationalC.necessary.D.credible10.There have been several attempts to i

7、ntroduce gayer colours and styles in mens clothing, but none of them _.（分数：1.00）A.has caught onB.has caught him outC.has caught upD.take roots11.Grant was one of a body of men who were self-reliant _, who cared hardly anything for the past but had a sharp eye for the future.（分数：1.00）A.on themselvesB

8、.on not making a faultC.to a faultD.to remain ahead12.The private life of having each individual make his or her own choice of beliefs and interest_ without the overarching public world of the state, which sustains a structure of law appropriate to a self-determining association.（分数：1.00）A.is not po

9、ssibleB.would not be possibleC.will not be possibleD.cannot be possible13.The appeal to the senses known as _ is especially common in poetry.（分数：1.00）A.imaginativeB.imaginableC.ingeniousD.imagery14.The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man _ Princ

10、e Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15th century.A. was B. was called D. calling D. being（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Two thirds of the US basketball players are black, and the number would be greater _ the continuing practice of picking white bench warmers for the sake of balance.（分数：1.00）A.was it not b

11、ecause ofB.had it not been forC.were it not forD.would it not have been for16.Thomas Wolfe portrayed people so that you came to know their yearnings, their impulses, and their warts-this was effective _.（分数：1.00）A.motivationB.point of viewC.characterizationD.background17.No one would have time to re

12、ad or listen to an account of everything _ going on in the world.（分数：1.00）A.it isB.there isC.as isD.that is18.If youve got a complaint, the best thing is to see the person concerned and _ with him.（分数：1.00）A.tell itB.have it outC.say itD.have it known19.It is a myth that the law permits the Food and

13、 Drug Administration to ignore requirements for _ drugs while brand-name drugs still must meet these rigid tests.（分数：1.00）A.specificB.genericC.intricateD.acrid20.If there is the need to compete in a crowd, to battle _ the edge the surest strategy is to develop the unexpected.（分数：1.00）A.onB.forC.agai

14、nstD.with二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compel

15、led by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today

16、 can rightly be called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family.The antithesis to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise

17、 we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labor i

18、s from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener or c

19、obbler may be a worker, a bank clerk, a laborer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of coro

20、naries and forget their wives birthdays. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.（分数：6.00）(1).The best title for the passage could be

21、 _.（分数：1.00）A.Work, Labor and PlayB.Ways Leading to HappinessC.The Most Desirable Job in the WorldD.The Necessity of Leisure(2).If a person wishes to be happy, _.（分数：1.00）A.he must have something to doB.he must realize the essential difference between work and laborC.he must feel free first of allD.

22、he must do something valuable to society(3).A man is a laborer if _.（分数：1.00）A.what he likes to do is not recognized by society.B.he has to make a living or supporting his familyC.he cannot get paid for what he doesD.he is forced to do what he doesnt enjoy(4).According to the passage, what is societ

23、ys attitude toward the game we play?（分数：1.00）A.Society regards play as another kind of labor.B.Society doesnt care what we play at all.C.Society forbids us to play any game.D.Society cares for private games very muc(5).Which of the following kinds of person is a worker?（分数：1.00）A.A teacher who enjoy

24、s working with studentsB.A white-collar employee who is well paidC.A man who doesnt mix work with playD.A man who has good appetite and enjoys good health(6).What does the laborer think of leisure?（分数：1.00）A.He thinks he has no time for it since he has to support his family.B.He wishes to have as li

25、ttle leisure as possible.C.He hopes to have more leisure to play.D.He thinks it more important than health and family.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when there are no outside signs to mark the pas

26、sing of time. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep and wake. It controls body temperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams. Thes

27、e natural daily events are circadian rhythms.Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year French astronomer, Jean-Jacques dOrtous de Mairan, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same

28、time every morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that mans biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours i

29、nstead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock. About four years ago an American doctor, Eliot Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. Dr

30、. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratory is in the Monteflore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so no sunl

31、ight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area. The instruments measure heartbeat, body temperature, hormones in

32、 the blood, other substances in the urine and brain waves during sleep. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches, so the person in the laboratory has no idea what ti

33、me it is. In the first four years of research, Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, a science reporter for The New York Times newspaper, Dava Sobol, became the first woman to take p

34、art in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobol wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the newspaper.（分数：6.00）(1).The biological clock is believed to play an essential role in _.（分数：1.00）A.the regulation of body

35、temperatureB.the secretion of hormonesC.animal reproductionD.many aspects of plant and animal physiology(2).In his observation, the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained its opening-and-closing cycles _.（分数：1.00）A.even when it was kept in a murky place all dayB.even

36、if it was placed in the moonlightC.even when he was observing it from a dark placeD.even during the night time(3).The sentence “They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.“ (In Paragraph 4) probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.They can lead their daily lives according to their biological

37、clocks, without referring to a man-made clock.B.They can listen to the wonderful rhythms of the biological clock and live close to them.C.They can live by regulating their own circadian rhythms.D.They are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday lif(4).In the experiment conducted by Mr. Weitzman,

38、the doctor who is on duty does not work the same time each day _.（分数：1.00）A.in order to observe the abnormal behavior of the people at different timesB.so as not to be recognized by the peopleC.so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is when he starts workD.so as to leave the peoples ci

39、rcadian rhythms in disorder(5).What is Mr. Weitzmans ultimate purpose of establishing a laboratory?（分数：1.00）A.He wanted to have his experiment report published in the newspapersB.People are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythmsC.He wanted to find a way to treat peoples diseasesD.He c

40、ould gain some reputation for the first scientific observation of circadian(6).Miss Sobol left the laboratory _.（分数：1.00）A.on June 13thB.on June 25thC.at the end of JuneD.on July 7th五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)There are hidden factors which scientists call “feedback mechanisms“. No one knows quite

41、 how they will interact with the changing climate. Heres one example: plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries. At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade, vegetation may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward

42、the poles by 50 to 75 kilometers a year-faster than trees can naturally migrate. Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die. The 1000-kilometer-wide strip of forest running through Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia could be cut by half. Millions of dying trees would soon lead t

43、o massive forest fires, releasing tons of CO2 and further boosting global warming.There are dozens of other possible “feedback mechanisms“. Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness, which may actually damp down global warming. Others, like the “albedo“ effect is the amount

44、of solar energy reflected by the earths surface. As northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea and land pokes through, more heat will be absorbed, adding to the global temperature increase.Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would

45、continue for decades. Delay will simply make the problem worse. The fact is that some of us are doing quite well the way things are. In the developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels.Material progress has been linked to energy consumption. Today 75 percent of all th

46、e worlds energy is consumed by a quarter of the worlds population. The average rich-world resident adds about 3.2 tons of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere, more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen. The US, with just seven percent of the global population, is responsible for 22 pe

47、rcent of global warming.（分数：6.00）(1).“Feedback mechanisms“ in paragraph 1 most probably refer to _.（分数：1.00）A.how plants and animals adapt to hidden factorsB.how plants and animals interact with the changing climateC.how climate changesD.how climate zones shift(2).We can learn from the passage that

48、_.（分数：1.00）A.some feedback mechanisms may stow down global warmingB.the basic facts of global warming are unknownC.developing countries benefit from cheap fossil fuelsD.developed countries have decided to reduce their energy consumption(3).The word “emission“ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

49、_.（分数：1.00）A.admissionB.entranceC.ejectionD.agitation(4).James Hansen predicts that the shift of climate zones will be accompanied by _.（分数：1.00）A.the cutting of many treesB.desirable environmental changesC.successful migration of speciesD.unsuccessful migration of trees(5).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：1.00）A.the developing world has decided to increase its energy consumptionB.a third-wor