【考研类试卷】北京航空航天大学真题2007年及答案解析.doc

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1、北京航空航天大学真题 2007 年及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Directions: There ar(总题数：4，分数：30.00)Passage 1Scientists now tend to agree that the noise level for potential hearing loss begins at about 7 decibels. Some of them are very concerned because normal daily life often expose

2、s people to nois levels of about 70 decibels even inside their homes. Cities have always been noisy, but noise is nm spreading to areas that were quiet just a few years ago.Clearly, something must be done or noise will seriously and permanently maim the populatior Fortunately, the knowledge and meth

3、ods to control noise already exist. As a matter of fact, this i one instance where the knowledge of control methods exceeds the knowledge about the effects o human life and on the environment.There are two common means for control. The first is reducing noise at its source, and th second is changing

4、 the sound path by distance or by shielding.The second approach is being used more often today as people become more aware of th danger of noise. New building codes require better sound insulation in homes and apartments. Mor and more towns are passing zoning ordinances that try to segregate noisy f

5、actories or airports fro residential areas. Sound-absorbent materials and construction designed to block sound paths ar slowly coming into use in offices and homes. New highways are being built to redirect traffic nois up and away from nearby areas. Aircraft are increasingly being required to use re

6、duced powe flights around airports.There are many examples of available noise control methods that are not being used. Mor flexible building codes would permit the use of quieter kinds of plumbing pipes. Sound-absorbint materials can reduce the noise of motors and engines. Power generators can be qu

7、ieted with baffles exhaust silencers, and sound absorbers. Truck tires can be made with quieter treads. In many cases the cost of building quieter machines is the same or only slightly higher than that of the current noisy ones. Even though the new equipment may cost more initially, it can prove mor

8、e profitable in the long run. The new jumbo jets, for example, are quieter than the older ones, yet they are more powerful and carry twice as many passengers.All of these methods are only partial measures as noisy levels continue to rise. Most specialists in the field agree that much of the solution

9、 must come from eliminating some of the noise at its source, therefore saving through prevention the large costs of hearing loss.（分数：7.50）(1).The noise level for possible hearing loss begins at about_A. 30 decibels B. 75 decibels C. 100 decibels D. none of the above（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).Jet pilots ar

10、e being advised to land _A. on longer runways B. from nearby areas C. after dark D. with reduced power（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).How many practical means for controlling noise does the author present?A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).The reader can assume that airport of the future wi

11、ll_A. have runways in a north-south patternB. be located in unpopulated areasC. be required to warn passengers of high noise levelsD. in nearby areas（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).Jumbo jets are mentioned as examples of_A. efficient transportation with low levels of noiseB. vehicles that cause serious air pol

12、lutionC. scientific advances that do more harm than goodD. quieter and older vehicle（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.Passage 2Every time a person eats something he makes a nutritional decision. He accepts or rejects the food available to him at home for meals or snacks. Or he selects food for himself at many places

13、 in the community, such as supermarkets, drive-ins, restaurants, and food counters in drugstores. These selections make a difference in how an individual looks, how he feels, and how well he can work and play.When a good assortment of food in appropriate amounts is selected and eaten, the consequenc

14、es are more likely to be a desirable level of health and enough energy to allow one to be as active as one needs and wants to be. When choices are less than desirable, the consequences are likely to be poor health or limited energy or both.Studies of diets of individuals in the United States show th

15、at food selection is a highly individual matter, even among young children. Furthermore, far too many individuals of all ages are making poor choices day after day and are either now living with the consequences or will be in the future.Nutritionists and workers in allied professions have been conce

16、rned about helping people learn to select and enjoy a wide variety of food combinations that can add up to a good diet.Most people believe that they are well fed-that the choices they make are good ones. After all, they are not really sick, neither are they hungry. However, their nutrition is usuall

17、y poor in one respect or another. Milk and milk products, such as cheeses, ice cream or milk, buttermilk, and yogurt, are often slighted. Then people may skip many fruits and vegetables, particularly those that are good sources of vitamins A and C. These include dark green leafy vegetables; deep yel

18、low vegetables; and citrus fruits and vegetables, such as cabbage, tomatoes, and green peppers.Every American has the right to choose to be uninformed about nutrition as well as to be informed. If a person believes that she is well fed, attitudes, habits, and information cannot be forced upon her.Th

19、ere are life situations, however, that tend to cause all individual to want to know how to make the best choices. For example, a young couple is starting a family and must prepare food for young children.（分数：7.50）(1).Food preference in America is_A. culturally oriented B. inherited C. individualisti

20、c D. according to ages（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).Good amounts of vitamin A can be found in_A. celery B. banana C. milk D. cabbage（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the author, nutritionists are concerned with _A. improving the vitamin content of processed foodsB. restricting the manufacture of high cholest

21、erol foodsC. informing the public about wholesome foodsD. helping people enjoying uninformed about nutrition（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).Some people judge their nutrition by the_A. status of their health B. grocery stores where they shopC. amount of protein in their diets D. food they took（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(

22、5).The author advocates_A. requiring high school students to take courses on nutritionB. making information on nutrition available to the publicC. forcing food manufacturers to list ingredients on packagesD. people has the right to choose food（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.Passge 3Almost since the beginning of ma

23、nkind, govemments have been recording the numbers of their populace. The first known census report took place in 3800 B. C. in Babylonia for the purpose of deciding who should pay taxes. As time went by, governments found other, more creative uses for knowing their numbers. Egyptian King Ramses used

24、 the census not only to determine who should pay taxes, but also to figure out how to divide land for farming and to decide who could provide manpower for various government projects. These new ideas came about in the mid-1200s-B.C.William the Conqueror brought the concept of census taking to Englan

25、d in 1085. All landowners were required to name their holdings for the purpose of taxation. By the fifteenth century, Tudor kings found a new twist to the Egyptians use of the census. They too used the population count as a means of getting ready manpower for important government project, namely, re

26、plenishing troops in the ongoing battles in western Europe.A rebellious tide swept over England, however, in the mid-1700s. A bill to authorize a regular census was defeated in Parliament on the grounds that it would give valuable information to Englands enemies. But the tide of rebellion soon turne

27、d, and in 1800 England established its first regular census.Meanwhile the United States had already had an ongoing census for ten years. It was authorized in the Constitution for the purpose of deciding how many members of Congress would be needed for a fair representation of the American people. Th

28、e constitutional article also established that the census would be taken in 1790 and every ten years thereafter. And so it has.Since its beginning, the American census has gone through many changes. Today the census provides more than a count of the people who live here. It takes polls on transporta

29、tion, economic planning, and agriculture. The census also provides data for most government agency statistics, such as the unemployment rate.Counting costs have risen since 1790. The government spent about a penny per person to count post-Revolutionary Americans. Today the census costs $ 250 million

30、-more than a dollar per person. Thats a long way since 3800 B.C.（分数：7.50）(1).The first known census report took place in Babylonia in_A. 1085 B. 1200B.C. C. 3800B.C. D. 1790（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).The first census was created for the sole purpose of_A. counting available troops B. dividing farmlandC. p

31、roviding manpower D. taxing the populace（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).The American census today costs the government approximately _A. $0.01/person B. $0.10/person C. $1.00/person D. $10.00/person（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).Parliament defeated a bill authorizing a regular census because it_A. might give valuable ne

32、ws to EnglandB. would give Englands enemies cause for rebellionC. would be too expensiveD. might disclose information to Englands enemies（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).The author implies the American census is_A. relatively inexpensive to conductB. important to various government branchesC. an exact count of

33、the citizenryD. fairly expensive before 1790（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.Passage 4It didnt happen overnight. The problem of polluted air has been festering for centuries.Suddenly the problem of air pollution is becoming critical and is erupting right before our eyes Not only do our eyes burn as they focus throu

34、gh murky air, but when the air clears, we see trees and vegetation dying. We must realize that this destruction can no longer be pinned to some mysterious cause. The one major culprit is air pollution.Todays air pollution is an unfortunate by-product of the growth of civilization. Civilized mall des

35、ires goods that require heavy industrialization and mass production. Machines and factories sometimes pollute and taint the air with substances that are dangerous to man and the environment. These substances include radioactive dust, salt spray, herbicide and pesticide aerosols, liquid droplets of a

36、cidic matter, gases, and sometimes soil particles. These materials can act alone to irritate objects and forms of life. More dangerously, they join together to act upon the environment. Only lately have we begun recognizing some of their dangerous consequences.Scientists have not yet been able to ob

37、tain a complete report on the effects of air pollution on trees. They do know, however, that sulfur dioxide, fluorides, and ozone destroy trees and that individual trees respond differently to the numerous particulate and gaseous pollutants. Sometimes trees growing in a single area under attack by p

38、ollutants will show symptoms of injury or will die while their neighbors remain healthy. Scientists believe this difference in response depends on the kind of tree and its genetic makeup. Other factors, such as the trees stage of growth and nearness to the pollution source, the amount of pollutant,

39、and the length of the pollution attack also play a part. In short, whether or not a tree dies as a result of air pollution depends on a combination of host and environmental factors.For the most part, air pollutants injure trees. To conifers, which have year-round needles, air pollution causes early

40、 balding. In this event, trees cannot maintain normal food production levels. Undernourished and weakened, they are open to attack by a host of insects, diseases, and other environmental stresses. Death often follows.Air pollution may also cause hardwoods to lose their leaves. Because their leaves a

41、re borne only for a portion of the year and are replaced the following year, air pollution injury to hardwoods may not be so severe.（分数：7.50）(1).The author attributes todays air pollution to_A. the growth of civilization B. mans carelessnessC. environmental imbalance D. some mysterious cause（分数：1.50

42、）A.B.C.D.(2).The resistance of some trees to disease can be traced to_A. protective foliage B. thick bark C. genetic makeup D. tainted air（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).Air pollution causes the most damage to _A. hardwoods B. conifers C. fruit trees D. fluorides（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).The author implies that the

43、 greatest source of pollution is _A. heavy industry B. chemical processing plantsC. urban expansion D. salt spray（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).We can conclude that_A. air pollution is easier to control than water pollutionB. the problem of polluted air is a problem overnightC. the impact of air pollution has

44、 been known for centuriesD. research on the efforts of air pollution is incomplete（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.三、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.Hidden hotel costs can be a source of frustration to the frugal traveler.A. careful B. clever C. ignorant D. economical（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.Thick with trees and sparse

45、 with homes, this tranquil area 50 miles north of Houston could be a slice of heaven.A. molten B. serene C. isolated D. snobbish（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.Accommodations must be made for students with learning disabilities.A. criminal B. pump C. psychology D. lodgings（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.History was being cat

46、alogued here, the missed opportunities, blunders, and outright mistakes.A. attempts B. insults C. mistakes D. arguments（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.The press mocked his attempts to appeal to young voters.A. ridiculed B. entertained C. ignored D. drew（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.The federal court has been putting pressu

47、re on the state to adhere to the population caps in the decree.A. encounter B. stick to C. prepare D. anticipate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.Widespread wage reductions were imposed during the recession of 1906-1909 and price inflation thereafter impeded the recovery of real wage levels.A. convoluted B. belied

48、 C. encumbered D. stoked（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8.Helplessly she blinked up at him, feeling a slow lethargy creep through her whole body.A. provision B. cylinder C. contradiction D. exhaustion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.The attack was meticulously planned and executed.A. negligently B. slovenly C. fussily D. discre

49、etly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.At the same time, medical and social science research began to indicate that retirement itself had detrimental effects.A. damaging B. magnificent C. useful D. relevant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.The batteries can be recharged when they run_A. over B. down C. out D. along（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.The rioters headed downtown, _ they attacked city hall.A. since B. as C. whereupon D. yet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.Mondays earthquake _ windows and woke residents.A. sl