【考研类试卷】北京航空航天大学真题2006年及答案解析.doc

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1、北京航空航天大学真题 2006 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Listenin(总题数：4，分数：20.00)BPassage One/BSome psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that ones muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way

2、 that we listen to music with our bodies.You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body. O

3、ften when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.Strange as this behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participa

4、tes, so to speak, in its performance. Tile listener “feels“ himself into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body.The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.（分数

5、：5.00）(1).Some psychologists maintain that thinking is _.（分数：1.00）A.not a mental processB.more of a physical process than a mental actionC.a process that involves your entire bodyD.a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain(2).Few people are able to listen to familiar music without _.（

6、分数：1.00）A.moving some part of their bodyB.stopping what they are doing to listenC.directing the orchestra playing itD.wishing that they could conduct music properly(3).Body movements are necessary in order for the listener to _.（分数：1.00）A.hear the musicB.appreciate the musicC.enjoy the music fullyD.

7、completely understand the music(4).According to the selection, muscle participation in the process of thinking is _.（分数：1.00）A.deliberateB.obviousC.not readily apparentD.very pronounced(5).The best title for this selection is _.（分数：1.00）A.An Ear for MusicB.Music AppreciationC.How Muscles Participate

8、 in Mental ActsD.A Psychological Definition of the Thinking ProcessBPassage Two/BLaziness is a sineverybody knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more h

9、armful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or

10、fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievemens, that they are unable to deal with

11、whatever “lesser“ work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinatingrescheduling their day.Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators, some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating, researching.

12、 We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was “goofing off“. Newton wasnt working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone “lazy“ to build the car or stove we buy, particu

13、larly if that “laziness“ was caused by the workers taking time to check each step or his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being “lazy“ that is, taking time off for a rest is good for the overworked student or executive. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is tryi

14、ng too hard or the doctor whos simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic. So be careful when youre tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book.（分数：5.00）(1).The main idea of this passage is that _.（分数：1.00）A.laziness is a

15、moral sinB.there are advantages and disadvantages in being lazyC.laziness is the sign of deep-seated emotional problemsD.lazy people do more careful work(2).The passage states that _.（分数：1.00）A.laziness is a diseaseB.some people appear lazy because they are insecureC.laziness is more beneficial than

16、 harmfulD.a good definition of laziness is emotional illness(3).Which of the following conclusion does the passage Support?（分数：1.00）A.The word laziness is sometimes applied incorrectly.B.Most of the time laziness is a virtue.C.Most assembly line workers are lazy.D.Most insecure people are lazy.(4).T

17、he final paragraph is _.（分数：1.00）A.gloomyB.humorousC.seriousD.ironical(5).“Goofing off“ as used in paragraph 2 probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.wasting timeB.sleepingC.workingD.chatting with friendsBPassage Three/BThe idea of humanoid robots is not new. They have been part of the imaginative landscape ev

18、er since Karl Capek, a Czech writer, first dreamed them up for his 1921 play “Rossums Universal Robots.“ (The word “robot“ comes from the Czech word for drudgery, robota.) Since then, Hollywood has produced countless variations on the theme, from the sultry False Maria in Fritz Langs silent masterpi

19、ece “Metropolis“ to the withering C-3PO in “Star Wars“ and the ruthless assassin of “Terminator.“ Humanoid robots have walked into our collective subconscious, coloring our views of the future.But now Japans industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots a reality. Their new huma

20、noids represent impressive feats of engineering: when Honda introduced Asimo, a four-foot robot that had been in development for some 15 years, it walked so fluidly that its white, articulated exterior seemed to conceal a human. Honda continues to make the machine faster, friendlier and more agile.

21、Last October, when Asimo was inducted into the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh, it walked onto the stage and accepted its own plaque.At two and a half feet tall, Sonys QRIO is smaller and more toy-like than Asimo. It walks, understands a small number of voice commands, and can navigate on its own.

22、If it falls over, it gets up and resumes where it leaves off. It can even connect wirelessly to the internet and broadcast what its camera eyes can see. In 2003, Sony demonstrated an upgraded QRIO that could run. Honda responded last December with a version of Asimo that runs at twice the speed.In 2

23、004, Toyota joined the fray with its own family of robots, called Partner, one of which is a four-foot humanoid that plays the trumpet. Its fingers work the instruments valves, and it has mechanical lungs and artificial lips. Toyota hopes to offer a commercial version of the robot by 2010. This mont

24、h, 50 Partner robots will act as guides at Expo 2005 in Aichi, Japan.Despite their sudden proliferation, however, humanoids are still a mechanical minority. Most of the worlds robots are faceless, footless and mute. They are bolted to the floors of factories, stamping out car parts or welding pieces

25、 of metal, making more machines. According to the United Nations, business orders for industrial robots jumped 18% in the first half of 2004. They may soon be outnumbered by domestic robots, such as self-navigating vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers and window washers, which are selling fast. But neither

26、industrial nor domestic robots are humanoid.（分数：5.00）(1).In Paragraph 1 the author introduces his topic by relating _.（分数：1.00）A.the idea of humanoid robotsB.Karl Capeks creation of robotsC.Hollywoods production of robot filmsD.the origin of and popular movies about robots(2).According to the author

27、s description, Asimeo _.（分数：1.00）A.is a four-legged robotB.seems more like a human being than a machine in actionC.seems more like a machine than a human being in actionD.is in a sort of animal form(3).Sonys QRIO could perform all the following tasks EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.walking everywhere freelyB.under

28、standing some words uttered by peopleC.finding its wayD.continuing walking after it stumbles(4).From the passage we may infer that Toyotas Partner（分数：1.00）A.is much better than any other robotsB.is no more than a mechanic deviceC.may be put into mass productionD.may speak like man(5).Judging from th

29、e context, this passage is probably written _.（分数：1.00）A.in 2004B.in 2005C.between 2003-2004D.between 2004-2005BPassage Four/BOcean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life. The great ocean basins hold about 300 million cubic miles of water. From this vast amount; about 80,000 cubic mile

30、s of water are sucking into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean. More than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents. This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which a

31、ll flora and fauna are dependent. Thus, the hydrosphere permits organism existence.The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling.

32、For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season. Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents

33、, which moderates climate, would be notably absent.Another outstanding characteristic of water is that it has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia. This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb ard store vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing cl

34、imatic extremes. In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents. In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially exploited. Solar

35、 evaporation of salt is widely practiced, potash is extracted from the Dead Sea, and Magnesium is produced from seawater along the American Gulf Coast.（分数：5.00）(1).A characteristic of water NOT mentioned in this passage is that water _.（分数：1.00）A.expands on freezingB.is a great solventC.is like ammo

36、niaD.has a very high heat capacity(2).From this passage, we may conclude that _.（分数：1.00）A.ocean and land masses are equalB.ocean masses are smaller than land massesC.it is difficuit to get fresh water from the oceanD.none of the above is correct(3).By “hydrosphere“ the author means _.（分数：1.00）A.the

37、 moisture in the airB.the part of the earth covered by waterC.the Milky WayD.the frozen waters of the earth(4).Fish can survive in the oceans because _.（分数：1.00）A.there are currents in the oceanB.ice floatsC.evaporation and condensation create a water cycleD.water absorbs heat(5).“Anomaly“, as used

38、in the second paragraph, means _.（分数：1.00）A.state of being anonymousB.abonormalityC.characteristicD.property二、BPart Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Early exponents of science fiction such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells explored with zest the future possibilities opened up to the optimistic imagination by

39、 modem technology.（分数：1.00）A.inspirationB.enthusiasmC.fantasyD.endeavor2.Except for coarse earthen-wares, which can be made from clay as it is found in the earth, pottery is made from special clays plus other materials mixed to achieve the desired results.（分数：1.00）A.conventionalB.uniqueC.genuineD.cr

40、ude3.When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their heads and ran into the elevator.（分数：1.00）A.pouredB.dismayedC.panickedD.trembled4.The English language contains a(n) _ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.（分数：1.00）A.altitudeB.latitudeC.multitudeD.at

41、titude5.The wealth of a country should be measured _ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.（分数：1.00）A.in line withB.in terms ofC.in regard withD.by means of6.Radar is used to extend the _ of mans senses for observing his environment, especially the sense

42、 of vision.（分数：1.00）A.validityB.liabilityC.capacityD.intensity7.We are writing to the manager _ the repairs recently carried out at the above address.（分数：1.00）A.with the exception ofB.with the purpose ofC.with reference toD.with a view to8.They made detailed investigations to _ themselves with the n

43、eeds of the rural market.（分数：1.00）A.adhereB.acknowledgeC.acquaintD.activate9.Probably theres a good reason for her absence, as she doesnt usually stay away from work.（分数：1.00）A.conspicuouslyB.prospectivelyC.incidentallyD.presumably10.I was _ in my reading, and didnt at first hear the doorbell ring.（

44、分数：1.00）A.immuredB.immersedC.busyD.infatuated11.The minutes later, the police came and _ the crowd.（分数：1.00）A.dismayedB.dispersedC.dismountedD.distressed12.There are _ differences between theory and practice.（分数：1.00）A.legibleB.ladenC.radicalD.medieval13.Will you _ my article to find out whether Ive

45、 made any mistakes?（分数：1.00）A.look afterB.look throughC.look upD.look into14.When he lived in that remote place, radio was the only means he had to keep _ of current events in the country.（分数：1.00）A.accountB.traceC.recordD.track15.The flashing red light served as a _ of danger ahead.（分数：1.00）A.predi

46、ctorB.cautionC.precautionD.prevention16.According to the weather forecast, which is usually _, it will snow this afternoon.（分数：1.00）A.accurateB.dullC.awkwardD.tedious17.If his father could not keep up the payments on the mortgage, his uncle might _ it for him.（分数：1.00）A.redeemB.amendC.resembleD.appe

47、al18.His writing depicts this changing world and the increasing cultural diversity of the United States.（分数：1.00）A.conflictB.refinementC.varietyD.movement19.She was artful and could always get round her parents in the end.（分数：1.00）A.playB.deceiveC.confuseD.annoy20.He became aware that he had lost hi

48、s audience since he had not been able to talk coherently.（分数：1.00）A.honestlyB.appropriatelyC.intelligiblyD.flexibly三、BPart Cloze/(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Who won the World Cup 2004 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? U(61) /Uan event takes place, newspap

49、ers are on the streetU (62) /Uthe details wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot toU (63) /Uthe news. Newspapers have one basicU (64) /Uto get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want toU (65) /Uit.Radio, television, andU (66) /Uinventions brought co