【考研类试卷】北京大学考博英语真题2011年及答案解析.doc

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1、北京大学考博英语真题 2011年及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Structure and(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing“ for human being is a question that _ a wide solution.A. admits of B. requires of C. needs of D. seeks for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.In

2、a culture like ours, long _ all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.A. accustomed to split and dividedB. accustomed to splitting and dividingC. accustomed to split and dividingD. accustomed to splitting and divided（分数：1.00）A.B.

3、C.D.3.Apple pie is _ neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.A. at itself B. as itself C. on itself D. in itself（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4._ us earlier, _ . your request to the full.A. You have contacted.we could comply withB. Had you contacted.we could have complied withC.

4、You had contacted. could we have complied withD. Have you contacted.we could comply with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to _ or to root out, apart from monarchy.A. discard B. discreet C. discord D. disgorge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Living constantly in the atmo

5、sphere of slave, he became infected _ the unconscious _ their psychology. No one can shield himself _ such an influence.A. on.by.at B. by. for.inC. from.in.on D. through.with.from（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create _.A. bore B. bor

6、ed C. boredom D. bordom（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite _ in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.A. lacked B. lacking C. for lack of D. lack of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.There are too many complains about society _ move too fast to keep up with the machin

7、e.A. that have to B. have to C. having to D. has to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now _ for it.A. none the worse B. none the betterC. never worse D. never better（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.As the silent film _ sound, so did the sound film _ color.A. cried

8、 out for.cried out for B. cry out for.cry out forC. had cried out for.cried out for D. had cried out for.cry out for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very _.A. trigger B. meager C. vigor D. linger（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Western man is himself being de-Weste

9、rnized by his own speed-up, _ by industrial technology.A. as much the Africans are detribalizedB. the Africans are much being detribalizedC. as much as the Africans are being detribalizedD. as much as the Africans are detribalized（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.We _ admire his courage and self-confidence.A. can

10、 but B. cannot only C. cannot but D. can only but（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.In the 1930s, when millions of comic books were _ the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical.A. inundating B. imitating C. immolating D. insulating（分数：1

11、.00）A.B.C.D.16._ you promise you will work hard, _ support you to college.A. If only.will I B. Only.I willC. Only if.will I D. Only if.I will（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.It is one of the ironies of Western man that he has never felt _ invention as a threat to his way of life.A. any concern with B. any concer

12、n aboutC. any concern in D. any concern at（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.One room schools, with all subjects being taught to all grades at the same time, simply _ when better transportation permits specialized spaces and specialized teaching.A. resolved B. absolved C. dissolved D. solved（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Peo

13、ple are living longer and not saving enough, which means they will either have to work _ longer, live _ less in retirement or bailed _ by the government.A. in. for, up B. for.on.outC. by.in.on D. on.for.out（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.The countrys deficit that year _ to a record 169.8 billion dollars.A. soar

14、ed B. soured C. sored D. sourced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)2009 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade. (31) was 2008, and before that 2007 and 2006. In fact, industry revenues have been (32) for the past 10 years. Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as traditi

15、onal sales are falling.Maybe thats because illegal downloads are so easy. People have been (33) intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to generate markedly (34) copies. These days, high-quality copies are (35) . According to the Pew Internet project, people use f

16、ile-sharing software more often than they do iTunes and other legal shops.Id like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice wont do much harm. But even as Ive heard over the past decade that things werent (36) bad, that the music industry was moving to a new, better business mode

17、l, each years numbers have been worse. Maybe its time to admit that we may never find a way to (37) consumers who want free entertainment with creators who want to get paid.(38) on this problem, the computational neuroscientist Anders Sandberg recently noted that although we have strong instinctive

18、feelings about ownership, intellectual property doesnt always (39) that framework. The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract. “The nature of intellectual property,“ he wrote, “makes it hard to maintain the social and empathic (40) that keep(s) us from taking each other

19、s things. /（分数：10.00）(1).A. As B. Same C. Thus D. So（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. stagnating B. declining C. increasing D. stultifying（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. taking B. robbing C. stealing D. pirating（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. upgraded B. inferior C. ineffective D. preferable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. numerous B

20、. ubiquitous C. accessible D. effortless（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. so B. this C. that D. much（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. satisfy B. help C. reconcile D. equate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. Based B. Capitalizing C. Reflecting D. Drawing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. match up with B. fill inC. fit into D. set up（分数：1.00）

21、A.B.C.D.(10).A. constraints B. consciousnessC. norm D. etiquette（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Cancer has always been with us, but not always in the same way. Its care and management have differed over time, of course, but so, too, have its identity,

22、visibility, and meanings. Pick up the thread of history at its most distant end and you have cancer the crabso named either because of the ramifying venous processes spreading out from a tumor or because its pain is like the pinch of a crabs claw. Premodern cancer is a lump, a swelling that sometime

23、s breaks through the skin in ulcerations producing foul-smelling discharges. The ancient Egyptians knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and the Greeks made a distinction between benign tumors (oncos) and malignant ones (carcinos). In the second century A. D. , Galen reckoned that the cause

24、 was systemic, an excess of melancholy or black bile, one of the bodys four “humors, brought on by bad diet and environmental circumstances. Ancient medical practitioners sometimes cut tumors out, but the prognosis was known to be grim. Describing tumors of the breast, an Egyptian papyrus from about

25、 1600 B.C. concluded: “There is no treatment. “The experience of cancer has always been terrible, but, until modern times, its mark on the culture has been light. In the past, fear coagulated around other ways of dying, infectious and epidemic diseases (plague, smallpox, cholera, typhus, typhoid fev

26、er): “apoplexies“ (what we now call strokes and heart attacks); and, most notably in the nineteenth century, “consumption“ (tuberculosis). The agonizing manner of cancer death was dreaded, but that fear was not centrally situated in the public mindas it now is. This is one reason that the medical hi

27、storian Roy Porter wrote that cancer is “the modern disease par excellence,“ and that Mukherjee calls it “the quintessential product of modernity. “At one time, it was thought that cancer was a “disease of civilization,“ belonging to much the same causal domain as “neurasthenia“ and diabetes, the fo

28、rmer a nervous weakness believed to be brought about by the stress of modern life and the latter a condition produced by bad diet and indolence. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, some physicians attributed cancernotably of the breast and the ovariesto psychological and behavioral causes. W

29、illiam Buchans wildly popular eighteenth-century text “Domestic Medicine“ judged that cancers might be caused by “excessive fear, grief, religious melancholy. “ In the nineteenth century, reference was repeatedly made to a “cancer personality,“ and, in some versions, specifically to sexual repressio

30、n. As Susan Sontag observed, cancer was considered shameful, not to be mentioned, even obscene. Among the Romantics and the Victorians, suffering and dying from tuberculosis might be considered a badge of refinement; cancer death was nothing of the sort. “It seems unimaginable,“ Sontag wrote, “to ae

31、stheticize“ cancer.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, the ancient Egyptians _.A. called cancer the crabB. were able to distinguish benign tumors and malignant onesC. found out the cause of cancerD. knew about a lot of malignant tumors（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements about t

32、he cancers of the past is best supported by the passage?A. Ancient people did not live long enough to become prone to cancer.B. In the past, people did not fear cancer.C. Cancer death might be considered a badge of refinement.D. Some physicians believed that ones own behavioral mode could lead to ca

33、ncer.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is the reason for cancer to be called “the modern disease“?A. Modern cancer care is very effective.B. There is a lot more cancer now.C. People understand cancer in radically new ways now.D. There is a sharp increase in mortality in modern cancer world

34、.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).“Neurasthenia“ and diabetes are mentioned because _.A. they are as fatal as cancerB. they were considered to be “disease of civilization“C. people dread them very muchD. they are brought by the high pressure of modern life（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).As suggested by the passage, with w

35、hich of the following statements would the author most likely agree?A. The care and management of cancer have development over time.B. The cultural significance of cancer shifts in different times.C. Cancers identity has never changed.D. Cancer is the price paid for modern life.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Pa

36、ssage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)If you happened to be watching NBC on the first Sunday morning in August last summer, you would have seen something curious. There, on the set of Meet the Press, the host, David Gregory, was interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that the U. S. economy had become “very

37、 distorted. “ In the wake of the recession, this guest explained, high-income individuals, large banks, and major corporations had experienced a “significant recovery“; the rest of the economy, by contrastincluding small businesses and “a very significant amount of the labor force“ was stuck and sti

38、ll struggling. What we were seeing, he argued, was not a single economy at all, but rather “fundamentally two separate types of economy,“ increasingly distinct and divergent.This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly unique, drawing attention to the divide between the wealthy and everyone else has

39、long been standard fare on the left. (The idea of “two Americas“ was a central theme of John Edwardss 2004 and 2008 presidential runs. ) What made the argument striking in this instance was that it was being offered by none other than the former five-term Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan. ico

40、nic libertarian, preeminent defender of the free market, and (at least until recently) the nations foremost devotee of Ayn Rand. When the high priest of capitalism himself is declaring the growth in economic inequality a national crisis, something has gone very, very wrong.This widening gap between

41、the rich and non-rich has been evident for years. In a 2005 report to investors, for instance, three analysts at Citigroup advised that “the World is dividing into two blocsthe Plutonomy and the rest“.In a plutonomy there is no such animal as “the U.S. consumer“ or “the UK consumer“, or indeed “the

42、Russian consumer“. There are rich consumers, few in number, but disproportionate in the gigantic slice of income and consumption they take. There are the rest, the “non-rich“, the multitudinous many, but only accounting for surprisingly small bites of the national pie.Before the recession, it was re

43、latively easy to ignore this concentration of wealth among an elite few. The wondrous inventions of the modern economyGoogle, Amazon, the iPhone broadly improved the lives of middle-class consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy. And the less-wondrous inventionspart

44、icularly the explosion of subprime credithelped mask the rise of income inequality for many of those whose earnings were stagnant.But the financial crisis and its long, dismal aftermath have changed all that. A multibillion-dollar bailout and Wall Streets swift, subsequent reinstatement of gargantua

45、n bonuses have inspired a narrative of parasitic bankers and other elites rigging the game for their own benefit. And this, in turn, has led to wider-and not unreasonable-fears that we are living in not merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy, in which the rich display outsize political influence, narr

46、owly self-interested motives, and a casual indifference to anyone outside their own rarefied economic bubble.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, the U.S. economy _.A. fares quite wellB. has completely recovered from the economic recessionC. has its own problemsD. is lagging behind other industria

47、l economies（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statement about todays super-elite would the passage support?A. Todays plutocrats are the hereditary elite.B. Todays super-rich are increasingly a nation unto themselves.C. They are the deserving winners of a tough economic competition.D. They a

48、re worried about the social and political consequences of rising income inequality.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What can be said of modern technological innovations?A. They have lifted many people into the middle class.B. They have narrowed the gap between the rich and the non-rich.C. They have led to a ris

49、e of income inequality.D. They have benefited the general public.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author seems to suggest that the financial crisis and its aftermath _.A. have compromised the rich with the non-richB. have enriched the plutocratic eliteC. have put Americans on the alert for too much power the rich possessD. have enlarged the gap between the rich and non-rich（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The primary pur