【考研类试卷】北京大学考博英语-5及答案解析.doc

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1、北京大学考博英语-5 及答案解析(总分：83.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：14.50)1.The local authority _ the company an interest-free loan to start up the new factory.A. granted B. allocated C. financed D. sponsored（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.The _ of the occasion was spoiled when sh

2、e fell down the steps.A. privacy B. dignity C. morality D. secrecy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.Jack admitted that he ought not to have made his mother angry, _?A. oughtnt he B. wasnt he C. didnt he D. hadnt he（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.As ordinary people, scientists are by no means more honest or _ than other people,

3、 but as scientists, they attach special value to honesty while they are in their working sphere.A. ethical B. ethnic C. aesthetic D. esthetic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The possibilities of an autumn election cannot be _.A. struck out B. left out C. ruled out D. counted out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.The report was u

4、nusual in that it is insinuated corruption on the part of the minister.A. denied B. suggested C. reprisal D. loss of profit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Despite his _ as a trouble-maker, he was promoted to department manger.A. repetition B. repression C. reputation D. representation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.He had a

5、_ and rushed out of the kitchen just before an explosion wrecked it.A. probity B. progenitor C. premonition D. preponderance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.An enlarged prostate may _ the bladder and pinch off the urethra, causing pain and difficulty with urination.A. collaborate B. compress C. bother D. boil（分数：

6、1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _.A scarcity B minority C minimum D shortage（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.Two trucks were reported to have _ head-on yesterday.A. bumped B. crashed C. collided D. struck（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The terrorists mi

7、ght have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to _ when it arrived in New York.A go off B get off C come off D carry off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.Our proposal failed to meet the _ established by the committee, so they gave us no money.A. measurement B. warrant C. partition D. criterion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D

8、.14.A shift from native bronze to iron artifacts took place under the influence of cultural borrowings.A. transition B. transmission C. transaction D. transference（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The economy in this region has been stagnant for a long time and no signs of recovery have _ till now.A. shown up B.

9、kept up C. picked up D. made for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.Most of them had visited the invalid often during the past few months, marveling at his _ spirit and his unfailing good temper.A. variant B. gallant C. pertinent D. solitary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.Our new teacher is much younger than his _.A successor

10、B predecessor C colleague D workmate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.The problem is that the loss of confidence among the soldiers can be highly contagious.A. spreading B. contemptible C. contented D. depressing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.However, at times this balance in nature is _, resulting in a number of possibly u

11、nforeseen effects.A. troubled B. disturbed C. confused D. puzzled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash; virtually all financial _ will be conducted by computer.A transactions B transmissions C transitions D transformation

12、s（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：6，分数：34.00)Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction room to make offers, or “bids“, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally

13、names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down“ the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, an

14、d the English word comes from the Latin auctio, meaning “increase“. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub basra, meaning “under the spear“, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and ninetee

15、nth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle“, a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and

16、wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction rooms at Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world-famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the article

17、s to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot“, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical

18、order, he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in

19、pushing up the bidding as high as possible.The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling, and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among

20、his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. It is largely on his advice that a seller will fix a “reserve“ price, that is, a price below which the goods cannot be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop

21、 a “knockout“, whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid against each other, but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder, in the hope of buying goods at extremely low prices. If such a “knockout“ comes off, the real auction sale takes place privately afterwards among the dealers.

22、（分数：7.50）(1).A candle used to burn at auction sales _.A. because they took place at nightB. as a signal for the crowd to gatherC. to keep the auctioneer warmD. to limit the time when offers could be made（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).An auction catalogue gives prospective buyers _.A. the current market values

23、 of the goodsB. details of the goods to be soldC. the order in which goods must be soldD. free admission to the auction sale（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).The auctioneer may decide to sell the “lots“ out of order because _.A. he sometimes wants to confuse the buyersB. he knows from experience that certain peo

24、ple will want to buy certain itemsC. he wants to keep certain people waitingD. he wants to reduce the number of buyers（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).An auctioneer likes to get high prices for the goods he sells because _.A. then he earns more himselfB. the dealers are pleasedC. the auction rooms become world-

25、famousD. it keeps the customers interested（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A “knockout“ is arranged _.A. to keep the price in the auction room lowB. to allow one dealer only to make a profitC. to increase the auctioneers profitD. to help the auctioneer（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.The domestic economy in the United States e

26、xpanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was mani

27、fested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the years as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited fr

28、om the ease in East-West tensions.The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay th

29、e groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finaly, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as i

30、t did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines.The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, al

31、most two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade d

32、eficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance.The underlying task of public policy for

33、the year ahead-and indeed for the longer run-remained a familiar one: to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve our

34、 competitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three Program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large; however, the expansion of real output must eventually begi

35、n to slow down to the economys larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.（分数：7.50）(1).The author mentions increased installment debt in the first paragraph in order to show _.A. the continuing expansion of the economyB. the growth of consumer purchasing

36、powerC. the consumers confidence in the economyD. the soaring consumer incomes for spending（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 2 mainly deals with _.A. economic policy measures suggested by the PresidentB. the causes of business development for the periodC. the stimulative monetary and fiscal policesD. t

37、he revival of stronger liquidity positions（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the authors attitude toward the reduction of the international payments deficit seems _.A. bitter-sweet B. pessimistic C. sympathetic D. doubtful（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).Part of the public pol

38、icy task, as outlined in the text, is to _.A. prevent payments deficit B. devalue the American dollarC. avoid inflationary pressures D. increase the balance of trade（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be learned from the last paragraph that the Phase Three Program contained _.A. devaluation of the dollar B.

39、 productivity measuresC. reduced government spending D. wage and price controls（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.21.A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand or express the emotion that it _ in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.A. reflects B. retains C. rouses D. radiate

40、s（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.It happened in the late fall of 1939 when, after a Nazi submarine had penetrated the British sea defense around the Firth of Forth and damaged a British cruiser, Reston and a colleague contrived to get the news past British censorship. They cabled a series of seemingly harmless sen

41、tences to The Timess editors in New York, having first sent a message instructing the editors to regard only the last word of each sentence. Thus they were able to convey enough words to spell out the story. The fact that the news of the submarine attack was printed in New York before it had appeare

42、d in the British press sparked a big controversy that led to an investigation by Scotland Yard and British Military Intelligence. But it took the investigators eight weeks to decipher The Timess reporters code, an embarrassingly slow bit of detective work, and when it was finally solved the incident

43、 had given the story very prominent play, later expressed dismay that the reporters had risked so much for so little. And the incident left Reston deeply distressed. It was so out of character for him to have. become involved in such a thing. The tactics were questionable and, though the United Stat

44、es was not yet in the war, Britain was already established as Americas close ally and breaking British censorship seemed both an irresponsible and unpatriotic thing to do.（分数：8.00）(1).The episode recounted in the passage took place _.A. just prior to the outbreak of the Second World WarB. bofore Bri

45、tain entered the Second World WarC. before the United States entered the Second World WarD. while the United States was in the Second World War（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It was clear that British censorship rules had been broken because the story was _.A. first published in New YorkB. published nowhere bu

46、t in The TimesC. uncomplimentary to the BristishD. much fuller in its Times version than elsewhere（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the author, the British did little about the storys publication mainly because _.A. everyone responsible had apologized for what had happenedB. it took the authorities

47、too long to figure out how the censors had been outwittedC. Scotland Yard and British Military Intelligence disagreed about who was at faultD. they were afraid to admit that the censors had been so easily fooled（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The passage indicates that eventually everyone involved came to rega

48、rd the publication of the story in The Times as a _.A. regrettable errorB. cheap journalistic trickC. brilliant journalistic maneuverD. proper exercise of the freedom of the press（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling pr

49、actices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some bearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controlle