【考研类试卷】北京大学考博英语-3及答案解析.doc

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1、北京大学考博英语-3 及答案解析(总分：68.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：14.00)1.It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an _ plan.A. inherent B. ingenious C. infectious D. indulgent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.A knowledge of history _ us to deal with the vast range of pro

2、blems confronting the con temporary world.A. equips B. provides C. offers D. satisfies（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Sometimes _ matters may result in surprising large effects.A. predictable B. big C. trivial D. imaginable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.I want to _ a slightly different issue which is related to Annas questi

3、on earlier about our different meanings of open-ended problems.A. bring up B. bring about C. bring forward D. bring out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.The problem has been _ my mind all day.A. preying on B. getting at C. taking on D. seeing to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City

4、 _ shock and anger not only throughout America but also throughout the whole world.A. enveloped B. summoned C. tempted D. provoked（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The none of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to being _ of everything they do.Aemotional Boptimistic Cinterested Dcritical（分数：0.50

5、）A.B.C.D.8.Many scientists remain _ about the value of this research program.A spacious B stationary C specific D skeptical（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.A careful _ of the house revealed no clues.A. dissemination B. pursuit C. ornamentation D. examination（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.He is holding a _ position in the co

6、mpany and expects to be promoted soon.A subordinate B succeeding C successive D subsequent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.Apparently there were _ between police reports taken from the same witnesses at different times.A. distortions B. discrepancies C. disorders D. distractions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.I will _ you p

7、ersonally responsible if anything goes wrong in this project.A. get B. hold C. let D. have（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.Since Japan _ importance to education and technological innovation, its economy has developed at a high speed.A. relates B. applies C. attaches D. connects（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.As a law gradua

8、te, he ought to know that eyewitness_ is notoriously unreliable, especially so when the witness is not an expert.A. insight B. remark C. argument D. testimony（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.15.One of the _ of the training program is that it enables the young people to be better candidates for employment.A. viewpoi

9、nts B. virtues C. adventures D. measures（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.The concept of _ grouping of people with similar interests and abilities was very popular among educators.A. segregated B. integrated C. homogeneous D. heterogeneous（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.It was clear that the storm _ his arrival by two hours.

10、A. retarded B. retired C. refrained D. retreated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.These national parks are very important for preserving many animals, who would otherwise nm the risk of becoming_.A. abolished B. extinct C. distinct D. distinctive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Building this road will _ the construction of te

11、n bridges, and then the total cost reaches 1 million US dollars.A. evolve B. involve C. revolve D. devolve（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.If you work for a major corporation, or are contracted at one, sooner or later, you may be called upon to create or maintain an internal website. Here are the _ of intranets.

12、A. ins and outs B. in a pinch C. in a cleft stick D. in a breeze（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：29.00)The Aleuts, residing on several islands of the Aleutian Chain, the Pribilof islands, and the Alaskan Peninsula, have possessed a written language since 1825, when the Russian missiona

13、ry Ivan Veniaminov selected appropriate characters of the Cyrillic alphabet to represent Aleut speech sounds, recorded the main body of Aleut vocabulary, and formulated grammatical rules. The Czarist Russian conquest of the proud, independent sea hunters was so devastatingly thorough that tribal tra

14、ditions, even tribal memories, were almost obliterated. The slaughter of the majority of an adult generation was sufficient to destroy the continuity of tribal knowledge, which was dependent upon oral transmission. As a consequence, the Aleuts developed a fanatical devotion to their language as thei

15、r only cultural heritage.The Russian occupation placed a heavy linguistic burden on the Aleuts. Not only were they compelled to learn Russian to converse with their overseers and governors, but they had to learn Old Slavonic to take an active part in church services as well as to master the skill of

16、 reading and writing their own tongue. In 1867, when the United States purchased Alaska, the Aleuts were unable to break sharply with their immediate past and substitute English for any one of their three languages.To communicants of the Russian Orthodox Church a knowledge of Slavonic remained vital

17、, as did Russian, the language in which one conversed with the clergy. The Aleuts came to regard English education as a device to wean them from their religious faith. The introduction of compulsory English schooling caused a minor renascence of Russian culture as the Aleut parents sought to counter

18、act the influence of the schoolroom. The harsh life of the Russian colonial rule began to appear more happy and beautiful in retrospect.Regulations forbidding instruction in any language other than English increased its unpopularity, The superficial alphabetical resemblance of Russian and Aleut link

19、ed the two tongues so closely that every restriction against teaching Russian was interpreted as an attempt to eradicate the Aleut tongue. From the wording of many regulations, it appears that American administrators often had not the slightest idea that the Aleuts were clandestinely reading and wri

20、thing their own tongue or even had a written language of their own. To too many officials, anything in Cyrillic letters was Russian and something to be stamped out. Bitterness bred by abuses and the exploitations the Aleuts suffered from predatory American traders and adventurers kept alive the Aleu

21、t resentment against the language spoken by Americans.Gradually, despite the failure to emancipate the Aleuts from a sterile past by relating the Aleut and English languages more closely, the passage of years has assuaged the bitter misunderstandings and caused an orientation away from Russian towar

22、d English as their second language, but Aleut continues to be the language that molds their thought and expression.（分数：5.00）(1).The passage is developed primarily by _.A. testing the evidence supporting a theoryB. describing causes and effects of eventsC. weighing the pros and cons of a planD. proje

23、cting the future consequences of a decision（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements about the religious beliefs of the Aleuts can be inferred from the passage?A. Prior to the Russian occupation they had no religious beliefs.B. American traders and adventurers forced them to abandon all

24、 religious beliefs.C. At no time in their history have the Aleuts had an organized religion.D. The Russians forced Aleuts to become members of the Russian Orthodox Church.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Distributing which of the following publications would be most likely to encourage Aleuts to make more use o

25、f English?A. Russian translations of English novels.B. English translation of Russian novels.C. An English-Russian bilingual text devoted to important aspects of Aleutian culture.D. An Aleut-English bilingual text devoted to important aspects of Aleutian culture.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author is pr

26、imarily concerned with describing _.A. the Aleuts loyalty to their language and American failure to understand itB. Russian and United States treatment of Alaskan inhabitants both before and after 1867C. how the Czarist Russian occupation of Alaska created a written language for the AleutsD. United

27、States government attempts to persuade the Aleuts to use English as a second language（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, which of the following was the most important reason for the Aleuts devotion to their language?A. Invention of a written version of their language.B. Introduction of Ol

28、d Slavonic for worship.C. Disruption of oral transmission of tribal knowledge.D. Institution of compulsory English education.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually

29、concerned with the codes and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some bearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon t

30、he behavior of the controllee and of the members of the governmental agency itself?A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others - the effect that is the object

31、of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has “committed perjury,“ we are not told what he has actually said. “Robbery“ and “assault“ do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned - in perjury the l

32、ack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment, A law is thus a s

33、tatement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of p

34、ast practices and assurafices of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in mm “rule“ behavior.The effect of a law upon the controlling agency The government of a large group requires an elaborate organizati

35、on, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or “enforce“ contingencies of governm

36、ental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual

37、 is “not under man but under law“ have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.Comprehension Questions:（分数：6.00）(1).In the

38、 development of a government agency, _. A. the standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgmentB. the function of law is importantC. the study of ordinance is the most importantD. practice is more important than criterion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).H

39、ow does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?A. The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectively.B. Government agencies have to compromise with factual conditions.C. Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefit.D. Laws c

40、an not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).One of the prominent characteristics of a law is _. A. the result on the individuals behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercisedB. the result of a b

41、ehavior on the members of the governmental agencyC. the result of a behavior on ordinary citizensD. both A and B（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the example “committed perjury“ illustrate?A. The law will examine closely what the individual said in court.B. It illustrates that the law only has somethin

42、g to say when behavior has negative effects on others.C. Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by law.D. Both B and C（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The other distinguishing trait of the law is _. A. punishment is carried out by the courts at all levelsB. rules and c

43、ourt practices initiated by a governmental agency, are specifically designed to increase government controlC. asystem of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by natureD. any governmental reinforcement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Why are laws formed?A. Laws are made before a contingency.B.

44、 Laws are made after a contingency.C. A contingency always happens before a law is approved and passed.D. Laws are passed to stand the test of time and are applicable to other similar circumstances in the future.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Battles are like marriages. They have a certain fundamental experience

45、they share in common; they differ infinitely, but still they are all alike. A battle seems to me a conflict of will with death in the same way that a marriage of love is the identification of two human beings to the end of creation of life-as death is the reverse of life, and love of hate. Battles a

46、re commitments to cause death as marriages are commitments to create life. Whether, for any individual, either union results in death or in the creation of life, each risks it-and in the risk commits himself.As the servants of death, battles will always remain horrible. Those who are fascinated by t

47、hem are being fascinated by death. There is no battle aim worthy of the name except that of ending all battles. Any other conception is, literally, suicidal. The fascist worship of battle is a suicidal drive; it is love of death instead of life.In the same idiom, to triumph in battle over the forces

48、 which are fighting for death is- again literally-to triumph over death. It is a surgeons triumph as he cuts a body and bloodies his hands in removing a cancer in order to triumph over death that is in the body.In these thoughts I have found my own peace, and I return to an army that fights death an

49、d cynicism in the name of life and hope. It is a good army. Believe in it.（分数：4.00）(1).The author states that one who fights a battle toward any end other than peace is _.A. tainted by fascismB. misguided and unworthyC. victimized by unconscious drives to killD. bent on his own destruction（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The article says that the individual, in battle and in marriage, must _.A. make a unionB. compromise his beliefsC. ta