【考研类试卷】MBA联考英语-22及答案解析.doc

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1、MBA 联考英语-22 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a born quality (1) our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom

2、 people are (2) . Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, (3) being seen. There is a type of authority which can be (4) from behind closed doors, but that is not leadership. (5) there is movement and action, the true leader is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. H

3、e has to become a legend; the (6) for anecdotes, whether true or (7) . One of the simplest devices is to be absent (8) the occasion when the leader might be (9) to be there, enough in itself to start a rumor about the vital business (10) has detained him. To (11) up for this. he can appeal when leas

4、t expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display (12) things which other folks might (13) as trivial. With this gift for (14) curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance to talk about himself. His interest is (15) in other people; he questions them and encourages them

5、 to talk and then remembers all (16) is relevant. He never leaves a party (17) he has mentally formed a minimum dossier(档案)on (18) present, ensuring that he knows (19) to say when he meets them again. He is not artificially extrovert but he would usually rather listen (20) talk. Others realize gradu

6、ally that his importance needs no proof.（分数：10.00）A.inB.beyondC.underD.ofA.draggedB.unitedC.drawnD.underlinedA.atB.inC.aboutD.onA.lookedB.recognizedC.exercisedD.respectedA.WhereB.ThoughC.BecauseD.WhenA.roleB.subjectC.jokeD.supplementA.incorrectB.wrongC.falseD.badA.inB.onC.atD.underA.refusedB.suspect

7、edC.expiredD.expectedA.whichB.whenC.whatD.whereA.takeB.makeC.comeD.giveA.onB.inC.aboutD.atA.lookB.thinkC.viewD.dealA.decreasingB.possessingC.inspiringD.urgingA.directlyB.obscurelyC.scarcelyD.plainlyA.whichB.thatC.whatD.asA.afterB.whenC.untilD.beforeA.someoneB.everyoneC.menD.oneA.whenB.whereC.whichD.

8、whatA.andB.orC.thanD.but二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Passage OneAmericas economic recovery remains uncomfortably weak. The latest data show industrial production falling while the trade deficit soars to record levels. To round off a dismal week for economic statistics,

9、the Fed (美联储) announced that industrial production fell by 0.2% in December compared with the previous month. That came as a disappointment to economists who had been expecting a small rise. Monthly data are always unreliable, of course; there is always a plausible explanation for unexpectedly bad(o

10、r good) news. But nearly all recent economic statistics point to the same conclusionthat Americas recovery remains sluggish and erratic. It could put pressure on the Fed to consider cutting interest rates again when its policymaking committee meets at the end of the month.The biggest obstacle to hea

11、lthier economic performance, though, is political. As the Feds chairman, Alan Greenspan, acknowledged in the closing months of 2002, uncertainty about the future is holding both investors and consumers back. The shadowy threat of international terrorism and the much more explicit prospect of a war w

12、ith Iraq have made many Americans nervous about the future. For businesses still reeling from the speed at which the late-1990s boom turned to slump, the political climate is one more reason to put off investing in new plant and equipment or hiring new staff. For consumers, for so long the mainstay

13、of the American economy, the thrill of the shopping mall seems, finally, to be on the wane.It is hard to put a favorable interpretation on most of the data. But it is important to keep a sense of perspective. Some recent figures look disappointing partly because they fall short of over-optimistic fo

14、recastsa persistent weakness of those paid to predict the economic future, no matter how often they are proved wrong. The Fed will be watching carefully for further signs of weakness during the rest of the month. Mr. Greenspan is an avid, even obsessive, consumer of economic data. He has made it cle

15、ar that the Fed stands ready to reduce interest rates again if it judges it necessaryeven after 12 cuts in the past two years. At its last meeting, though, when it kept rates on hold, the Fed signaled that it did not expect to need to reduce rates any further.Monetary policy still offers the best sh

16、ort-term policy response to weak economic activity, and with the low inflation the Fed still has scope for further relaxation. The former President Bushs much-vaunted fiscal stimulus is unlikely to provide appropriate help, and certainly not in a timely way.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following best

17、describes the Americas economic situation?（分数：2.00）A.It is recovering.B.It faces an uncertain future.C.It remains depressing.D.It shows unreliable signs.(2).What does the figure 0.2% in Paragraph 1 indicate?（分数：2.00）A.Americas economic recovery is still shaky.B.Economists are disappointed at the fut

18、ure economy.C.It is a bad sign for Americas economic recovery.D.The biggest obstacle to healthier economic performance is political.(3).What factor makes investors put off investing in new plant and equipment?（分数：2.00）A.The sluggish economic situation.B.The direct threat of international terrorism.C

19、.The possibility of a war with Iraq.D.Investors shortage of capital.(4).What is the authors attitude toward some recent figures mentioned in Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.Optimistic.B.Skeptical.C.Worrisome.D.Critical.(5).How does monetary policy offer help for weak economic activity?（分数：2.00）A.It can stimu

20、late investment in new plant and equipment.B.It can reduce interest rates so as to stimulate weak economic activity.C.The Fed tries to keep inflation low.D.The former President Bush can offer appropriate monetary policy.Passage TwoNearly four years ago, a web-based political movement set itself the

21、modest task of “closing the gap between the world we have and the world most people everywhere want“. Calling their group Avaaz, which means “voice“ in several languages, the founders aimed to reproduce globally some of the success which their predecessorslike Americas Moveon.org, and Australias Get

22、up! had enjoyed in national political fields.By its own lights, the movement, using 14 languages and engaged in an astounding list of causes, has had some spectacular successes. Within the next few months, membership will top 6m. The number of individual actions taken is estimated at over 23m. Among

23、 the recent developments Avaaz claims to have influenced are a new anti-corruption law in Brazil; a move by Britain to create a marine-conservation zone in the Indian Ocean; and the spiking of a proposal to allow more hunting of whales.But is there any objective measure by which the reach of a globa

24、l e-protest movement can be assessed? Sceptics use words like “clicktavism“ to describe political action that demands nothing more of a protester than pressing a button, which may just imply curiosity; and it is rarely possible to prove beyond doubt that e-campaigning is a decisive factor in a polit

25、ical outcome.On the other hand, argues Ricken Patel, a co-founder of Avaaz, digital activism rarely ends with the click of a mouse. Avaazs campaign against the death sentence for adultery imposed on an Iranian woman asks members to phone Iranian embassies (and provides numbers) ; members are also be

26、ing urged to put pressure on the leaders of Brazil and Turkey to intercede with Iran. Avaaz is collecting funds for a campaign in the Brazilian and Turkish press, too.Avaazs other demands range from the simple-close Guantanamo, because it plays into the hands of Osama bin Ladento the very broad: fig

27、ht climate change, avoid a clash of civilisations. Despite the risk of foggy signals, the variety of causes is also a strength, says Dave Karpf, an American analyst of the net; it allows the group to act as a hub, attracting members to one campaign and telling them about others. As Evgeny Morozov, a

28、 writer on the Internet points out, Avaaz has lost whatever monopoly it had over the creation of instant, cross-border lobbies; you can do that on Facebook. But the way Avaaz bunches unlikely causes together may be an asset in a world where campaigns, like race and class, can still segregate people,

29、 not reconcile them.（分数：10.00）(1).In the beginning we know that _.（分数：2.00）A.A political website has been built four years ago.B.National politics have been quite enjoyable.C.Some political campaigns had achieved a lot.D.Voices in 14 languages has been well aime(2).Which of the following does NOT sh

30、ow Avaazs influences?（分数：2.00）A.Indian government finally agrees to take action in Indian Ocean.B.Whale killing is likely to be reduced in some parts of the world.C.Brazilian authorities have stood up against widespread corruption.D.A sealife conservation plan is soon to be carried out in reality.(3

31、).According to the passage, members of Avaaz are encouraged to _.（分数：2.00）A.equip a protesting button on the phone.B.exert great pressure on political leaders.C.abolish death penalty on foreign females.D.participate in the Brazilian campaign alon(4).According to Dave Karpf, one characteristics with

32、Avaaz is _.（分数：2.00）A.Its cross-border designs.B.Its monopolized actions.C.Its various unlikely causes.D.Its diversity of targets.(5).This passage is primarily written to _.（分数：2.00）A.introduce a new trend of political campaign.B.report a fashionable output of technology.C.discuss how politics may d

33、ominate our life.D.warn people of the dangers politics may brinPassage ThreeThe idea of ownership is everywhere. Title deeds establish and protect ownership of our houses, while security of property is as important to the proprietors of Tesco and Sainsburys as it is to their customers. However, ther

34、e is a profound problem when it comes to so-called intellectual property (IP)- which requires a strong lead from government, and for which independent advice has never been more urgently required.The myth is that IP rights are as important as our rights in castles, cars and corn oil. IP is supposedl

35、y intended to encourage inventors and the investment needed to bring their products to the clinic and marketplace. In reality, patents often suppress invention rather than promote it: drugs are “evergreened“ when patents are on the verge of running out companies buy up the patents of potential rival

36、s in order to prevent them being turned into products. Moreover, the prices charged, especially for pharmaceuticals, are often grossly in excess of those required to cover costs and make reasonable profits.IP rights are beginning to penetrate into every area of scientific endeavour. Even in universi

37、ties, science and innovation, which have already been paid for out of the public purse, are privatised and resold to the public via patents acquired by commercial interests. The drive to commercialise science has overtaken not only applied research but also “blue-skies“ research, such that even the

38、pure quest for knowledge is deteriorated by the need for profit.The fruits of science and innovation have nourished our society and economy for years, but nations unable to navigate our regulatory system are often excluded, as are vulnerable individuals. We need to consider how to balance the needs

39、of science as an industry with the difficulty of those who desperately need the products of science.Clearly it is vitally important that we continue to protect science and enable it to flourish. Science and the many benefits that science has produced have played a crucial part in our history and pro

40、duced vast improvements to human welfare. It would be negligent of us if we failed to recognise the importance of science as an industry and investment in research to national and regional economic development; but against these economic concerns an overriding consideration must be the interests of

41、the public and of humanity present and future. Science as an industry may be booming, but the benefits of science need to be more efficiently and more cheaply placed in the service of the public.For science to continue to flourish, it is necessary that the knowledge it generates be made freely and w

42、idely available. IP rights have the tendency to block access to knowledge and the free exchange of ideas that is essential to science. So, far from stimulating innovation and the dissemination of the benefits of science, IP all too often hampers scientific progress and restricts access to its produc

43、ts.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, intellectual property is described as _.（分数：2.00）A.being important to customersB.protecting property safetyC.being government-guidedD.demanding government advice(2).It can be learned from the text that patents are sometimes purchased to _.（分数：2.00）A.attract m

44、ore investment from all shareholdersB.make the cost of certain drugs lower than usualC.expand markets in this highly competitive eraD.keep them from being put into actual production(3).According to the author, scientific research is commercialised due to _.（分数：2.00）A.profit-making desireB.innovative

45、 demandC.basic human needD.public policy pressure(4).Which of the following is TRUE except _ ?（分数：2.00）A.the importance of science can not be forgotten nowadays.B.public welfare should be the first concern of scientific studies.C.IP is proven to be in the way of knowledge communication.D.the role sc

46、ience plays now tends to be more efficient than befor(5).The authors attitude towards IP seems to be _.（分数：2.00）A.concernedB.criticalC.biasedD.neutralPassage FourThe remarkable progress of science and technology in the 20th century has brought enormous benefits to humankind. Long and healthy lives,

47、economic prosperity and a pleasant and convenient living environment have resulted from technological progress based on advances in scientific knowledge. This progress will continue or may even accelerate in the future, because both the number of scientists and their activities are expanding through

48、out the world. We may expect, therefore, that science and technology will continue to contribute to the development of human society.At the same time, rapid scientific advances may raise some difficult problems. First of all, the disparity in scientific knowledge between those in scientific and tech

49、nical professions and those in other areas will continuously expand. This may create a communications gap between the two groups that could affect obtaining public consent on important issues, such as the use of genetically engineered plants or human embryonic stem cells. Secondly, the 21st century will be characterized by a knowledge-based society and a knowledge of science will be required for many professions. Those who lack scientific knowledge will have fewer opportunities for good jobs. Thirdly, the enormous increa