【考研类试卷】2015年考研英语(一)真题试卷及答案解析.doc
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1、2015 年考研英语(一)真题试卷及答案解析(总分:144.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数:2,分数:80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.(分数:40.00)_Though not biologically related, friends are as “related“ as fourth cousins, sha
2、ring about 1% of genes. That is【B1】_1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has【B2】_ The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted【B3】_1, 932 unique subjects which【B4】_pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated
3、strangers. The same people were used in both【B5】_ While 1 % may seem【B6】_, it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says,“Most people do not even【B7】_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who【B8】_our kin.“ The stu
4、dy【B9】_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now. 【B10】_, as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more【B11】_it. There could be many mechanisms wo
5、rking together that【B12】_us in choosing genetically similar friends【B13】_“functional kinship“ of being friends with【B14】_! One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 【B15】_than other genes. Studying this could help【B16】_why human evolution picked pace
6、in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major【B17】_factor. The findings do not simply explain people“s【B18】_to befriend those of similar【B19】_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to【B20】_that a
7、ll subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.(分数:40.00)(1).【B1】(分数:2.00)A.whenB.whyC.howD.what(2).【B2】(分数:2.00)A.defendedB.concludedC.withdrawnD.advised(3).【B3】(分数:2.00)A.forB.withC.onD.by(4).【B4】(分数:2.00)A.comparedB.soughtC.separatedD.connected(5).【B5】(分数:2.00)A.testsB.ob
8、jectsC.samplesD.examples(6).【B6】(分数:2.00)A.insignificantB.unexpectedC.unreliableD.incredible(7).【B7】(分数:2.00)A.visitB.missC.seekD.know(8).【B8】(分数:2.00)A.resembleB.influenceC.favorD.surpass(9).【B9】(分数:2.00)A.againB.alsoC.insteadD.thus(10).【B10】(分数:2.00)A.MeanwhileB.FurthermoreC.LikewiseD.Perhaps(11).
9、【B11】(分数:2.00)A.aboutB.toC.fromD.like(12).【B12】(分数:2.00)A.driveB.observeC.confuseD.limit(13).【B13】(分数:2.00)A.according toB.rather thanC.regardless ofD.along with(14).【B14】(分数:2.00)A.chancesB.responsesC.missionsD.benefits(15).【B15】(分数:2.00)A.laterB.slowerC.fasterD.earlier(16).【B16】(分数:2.00)A.forecast
10、B.rememberC.understandD.express(17).【B17】(分数:2.00)A.unpredictableB.contributoryC.controllableD.disruptive(18).【B18】(分数:2.00)A.endeavorB.decisionC.arrangementD.tendency(19).【B19】(分数:2.00)A.politicalB.religiousC.ethnicD.economic(20).【B20】(分数:2.00)A.seeB.showC.proveD.tell二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数:10,分
11、数:60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don“t abdicate, they die in their sleep.“ But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the re
12、publican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles? The Spani
13、sh case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere“ politics and “embody“ a spirit of national unity. It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains mona
14、rchs, continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms(not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because
15、they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very historyand sometimes the way they behave todayembodies outdated and indefensible priv
16、ileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modem democratic states. The most successful monarchies st
17、rive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses(or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international l%,and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image. While
18、Europe“s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example. It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy“s reputation with her rather ordinary(if well-heeled)granny style. The danger will come wit
19、h Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a serviceas non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history sh
20、ows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy“s worst enemies.(分数:10.00)(1).According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain(分数:2.00)A.used to enjoy high public support.B.was unpopular among European royals.C.eased his relationship with his rivals.D.ended his reign in embar
21、rassment.(2).Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly(分数:2.00)A.owing to their undoubted and respectable status.B.to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.C.to give voters more public figures to look up to.D.due to their everlasting political embodiment.(3).Which of the followi
22、ng is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?(分数:2.00)A.Aristocrats“ excessive reliance on inherited wealth.B.The role of the nobility in modem democracies.C.The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.D.The nobility“s adherence to their privileges.(4).The British royals “have most to fear“
23、 because Charles(分数:2.00)A.takes a tough line on political issues.B.fails to change his lifestyle as advised.C.takes republicans as his potential allies.D.fails to adapt himself to his future role.(5).Which of the following is the best title of the text?(分数:2.00)A.Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined
24、B.Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the ThroneC.Carlos, a Lesson for All European MonarchsD.Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsJust how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a w
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