【考研类试卷】2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案解析.doc

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1、2015 年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：98.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.I hope you don“t think I“m_but I“ve had the electric fire on for most of the day.（分数：2.00）A.exquisiteB.extravagantC.exoticD.eccentric2.Beene“s new novel proves he isn“t just a_in the pan.（分数：2.00）A.flareB.glitterC.spark

2、D.flash3.The newly-built Science Building seems_enough to last a hundred years.（分数：2.00）A.spaciousB.sophisticatedC.substantialD.steady4.There is nothing in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to_a difference.（分数：2.00）A.displayB.indicateC.demonstrateD.appear5.This kind of material ca

3、n_heat and moisture.（分数：2.00）A.deleteB.compelC.constrainD.repel6.The river is already_its banks because of excessive rainfall, and the city is threatened with a likely flood.（分数：2.00）A.parallel toB.level inC.flat onD.flush with7.The political future of the president is now hanging by a_.（分数：2.00）A.t

4、hreadB.cordC.stringD.rope8.Half the profits are_in a corporate account that can be drawn on only with stockholder consent.（分数：2.00）A.investedB.depositedC.storedD.saved9.Mr. Robinson knew that the most trivial chore could prove to be a _if approached with enthusiasm.（分数：2.00）A.prizeB.rewardC.refundD.

5、bonus10.The speaker_us with tales of exotic lands and buried treasure.（分数：2.00）A.detouredB.offsetC.tantalizedD.ushered11.Government loan have been the_of several shaky business companies.（分数：2.00）A.tornadoB.salvationC.delinquencyD.momentum12.After a period of probation a_becomes a nun.（分数：2.00）A.sop

6、ranoB.hippieC.noviceD.monsieur13.While she had the fever, she_for hours.（分数：2.00）A.ravedB.sniggeredC.titteredD.perforated14.On August 18th the president announced a general_for political exiles.（分数：2.00）A.adoB.yogaC.quartetD.amnesty15.The scents of the flowers was_to us by the breeze.（分数：2.00）A.inte

7、rceptedB.detestedC.saturatedD.wafted16.The plumb line is always perpendicular_the horizontal plane.（分数：2.00）A.withB.fromC.atD.to17.If it doesn“t rain within the next few weeks, the crops will have to be watered if they are_.（分数：2.00）A.to surviveB.to be survivedC.being survivedD.surviving18.She refus

8、ed to_the car key to her husband until he had promised to wear his safety belt.（分数：2.00）A.hand inB.hand outC.hand downD.hand over19._seen by anyone, the thief escaped.（分数：2.00）A.Being notB.Not beingC.To beD.Be not20.She keeps herself to herself. _, she would be better married.（分数：2.00）A.To consider

9、all thingsB.Considering all thingsC.All things consideredD.All things considering21.The fossilized remains of a type of camel_a dog have been found in the Badlands of South Dakota.（分数：2.00）A.no more larger thanB.not larger thanC.no larger thanD.which no larger than22.We are making good progress, but

10、 we must not_until we have achieved our objective.（分数：2.00）A.let upB.give upC.put upD.draw up23.Alexander Graham Bell invented_telephone in 1876.（分数：2.00）A./B.aC.oneD.the24.Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States, _ when massive high

11、way-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.（分数：2.00）A.and accelerated a phenomenonB.a phenomenon that acceleratedC.accelerating a phenomenon whichD.the acceleration of which phenomenon25._by the United States government“s Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Consumer Price Index compares cur

12、rent costs of goods and services with past costs.（分数：2.00）A.To prepareB.As it preparedC.When preparationD.Prepared26.As the train will not leave until one hour later, we_grab a bite at the snack bar.（分数：2.00）A.may wellB.just as wellC.might as wellD.as well27.Just as the soil is a part of the earth,

13、_the atmosphere.（分数：2.00）A.as it isB.so isC.the same asD.and so is28.Our civilization cannot be thought of as_in a short period of time.（分数：2.00）A.to have been createdB.to be createdC.having been createdD.being created29.Their coach must_the team“s poor performance.（分数：2.00）A.answer forB.answer toC.

14、answer backD.answer about30.Jean Wagner“s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it_in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.（分数：2.00）A.is to be analyzedB.has been analyzedC.be analyzedD.should have been analyzed二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数

15、：4，分数：36.00)The term “Ice Age“ may give a wrong impression . The epoch that geologists know as the Pleistocene and that spanned the 1.5 to 2. 0 million years prior to the current geologic epoch was not one long continuous glaciation, but a period of oscillating climate with ice advances punctuated b

16、y times of interglacial climate not very different from the climate experienced now. Ice sheets that derived from an ice cap centered on northern Scandinavia reached southward to Central Europe. And beyond the margins of the ice sheets, climatic oscillations affected most of the rest of the world; f

17、or example, in the deserts, periods of wetter conditions(pluvials)contrasted with drier, interpluvial periods. Although the time involved is so short, about 0. 04 percent of the total age of the Earth, the amount of attention devoted to the Pleistocene has been incredibly large, probably because of

18、its immediacy, and because the epoch largely coincides with the appearance on Earth of humans and their immediate ancestors. There is no reliable way of dating much of the Ice Age. Geological dates are usually obtained by using the rates of decay of various radioactive elements found in minerals. So

19、me of these rates are suitable for very old rocks but involve increasing errors when used for young rocks; others are suitable for very young rocks and errors increase rapidly in older rocks. Most of the Ice Age spans a period of time for which no element has an appropriate decay rate. Nevertheless,

20、 researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events. For example, an early classification of Alpine glaciation suggested the existence there of four glaciations, named the

21、Gunz, Mindel, Piss, and Wurm. This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods, rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glaci

22、al deposits. Yet this succession was forced willy-nilly onto the glaciated parts of Northern Europe, where there are partial successions of true glacial ground moraines and interglacial deposits, with hopes of ultimately piecing them together to provide a complete Pleistocene succession. Eradication

23、 of the Alpine nomenclature is still proving a Herculean task. There is no conclusive evidence about the relative length, complexity, and temperatures of the various glacial and interglacial periods. We do not know whether we live in a postglacial period or an interglacial period. The chill truth se

24、ems to be that we are already past the optimum climate of postglacial time. Studies of certain fossil distributions and of the pollen of certain temperate plants suggest decreases of a degree or two in both summer and winter temperatures and, therefore, that we may be in the declining climatic phase

25、 leading to glaciation and extinction.（分数：10.00）(1).In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with_.（分数：2.00）A.searching for an accurate method of dating the Pleistocene epochB.discussing problems involved in providing an accurate picture of the Pleistocene epochC.declaring opposition to the

26、 use of the term “Ice Age“ for the Pleistocene epochD.criticizing fanciful schemes about what happened in the Pleistocene epoch(2).The “wrong impression“(line 1.)to which the author refers is the idea that the_.（分数：2.00）A.climate of the Pleistocene epoch was not very different from the climate we ar

27、e now experiencingB.climate of the Pleistocene epoch was composed of periods of violent stormsC.Pleistocene epoch consisted of very wet, cold periods mixed with very dry, hot periodsD.Pleistocene epoch comprised one period of continuous glaciation during which Northern Europe was covered with ice sh

28、eets(3).Which of the following does the passage imply about the “early classification of Alpine glaciation“?（分数：2.00）A.It should not have been applied as widely as it was.B.It represents the best possible scientific practice, given the tools available at the time.C.It was a valuable tool, in its tim

29、e, for measuring the length of the four periods of glaciation.D.It could be useful, but only as a general guide to the events of the Pleistocene epoch.(4).The author refers to deserts primarily in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.support the view that we are probably living in a postglacial periodB.illustrate t

30、he idea that what happened in the deserts during the Ice Age had far-reaching effects even on the ice sheets of Central and Northern EuropeC.illustrate the idea that the effects of the Ice Age“s climatic variations extended beyond the areas of iceD.support the view that during the Ice Age sheets of

31、ice covered some of the deserts of the world(5).The author would regard the idea that we are living in an interglacial period as_.（分数：2.00）A.unimportantB.unscientificC.self-evidentD.plausibleInvestigators of monkeys“ social behavior have always been struck by monkeys“ aggressive potential and the co

32、nsequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior. Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms that control it, were therefore among the first investigations of monkeys“ social behavior. Investigators initially be

33、lieved that monkeys would compete for any resource in the environment; hungry monkeys would fight over food, thirsty monkeys would fight over water, and, in general, any time more than one monkey in a group sought the same incentive simultaneously, a dispute would result and would be resolved throug

34、h some form of aggression. However, the motivating force of competition for incentives began to be doubted when experiments like Southwick“s on the reduction of space or the withholding of food failed to produce more than temporary increases in intra-group aggression. Indeed, food deprivation not on

35、ly failed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted in decreased frequencies of aggression. Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme food deprivation likewise revealed that starving monkeys devoted almost all available energy to foraging, with little energy remaini

36、ng for aggressive interaction. Furthermore, accumulating evidence from later studies of a variety of primate groups, for example, the study conducted by Bernstein, indicates that one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder into an organized group. Such

37、introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition. These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because, in th

38、e absence of a social order, one must be established to control interanimal relationships. When a single new animal is introduced into an existing social organization, the newcomer meets even more serious aggression. Whereas in the first case aggression establishes a social order, in the second case

39、 resident animals mob the intruder, thereby initially excluding the new animal from the existing social unit. The simultaneous introduction of several animals lessens the effect, if only because the group divides its attention among the multiple targets. If, however, the several animals introduced t

40、o a group constitute their own social unit, each group may fight the opposing group as a unit; but, again, no individual is subjected to mass attack, and the very cohesion of the groups precludes prolonged individual combat. The submission of the defeated group, rather than unleashing unchecked aggr

41、ession on the part of the victorious group, reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attack. Monkey groups therefore see to be organized primarily to maintain their established social order rather than to engage in hostilities per se.（分数：10.00）(1).The author of the passage is primarily co

42、ncerned with_.（分数：2.00）A.advancing a new methodology for changing a monkey“s social behaviorB.comparing the methods of several research studies on aggression among monkeysC.explaining the reasons for researchers“ interest in monkeys“ social behaviorD.discussing the development of investigators“ theo

43、ries about aggression among monkeys(2).Which of the following best summarizes the findings reported in the passage about the effects of food deprivation on monkeys“ behavior?（分数：2.00）A.Food deprivation has no effect on aggression among monkeys.B.Food deprivation increases aggression among monkeys be

44、cause one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the competition for incentives.C.Food deprivation may increase long-term aggression among monkeys in a laboratory setting, but it produces only temporary increases among monkeys in the wild.D.Food deprivation may temporarily increase a

45、ggression among monkeys, but it also leads to a decrease in conflict.(3).The passage suggests that investigators of monkeys“ social behavior have been especially interested in aggressive behavior among monkeys because_.（分数：2.00）A.aggression is the most common social behavior among monkeysB.successfu

46、l competition for incentives determines the social order in a monkey groupC.situations that elicit aggressive behavior can be studied in a laboratoryD.most monkeys are potentially aggressive, yet they live in social units that could not function without control of their aggressive impulses(4).It can

47、 be inferred from the passage that the establishment and preservation of social order among a group of monkeys is essential in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.keep the monkeys from straying and joining other groupsB.prevent aggressive competition for incentives between that group and anotherC.prevent the domin

48、ation of that group by anotherD.protect individuals seeking to become members of that group from mass attack(5).Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.A hypothesis is explained and counter evidence is described.B.A theory is advanced and specific ev

49、idence supporting it is cited.C.Field observations are described and a conclusion about their significance is drawn.D.Two theories are explained and evidence supporting each of them is detailed.It is an unfortunate fact that most North Americans know little about American Indian culture and history. Scholars have studied such matters, but they have not succeeded in broadcasting their conclusions widely. Thus, it