【考研类试卷】2013年中山大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案解析.doc

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1、2013年中山大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：82.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、音标题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary.(10 points)Example: find/faind/ beneath/bi“ni:/empirical（分数：2.00）_2.plagiarize（分数：2.00）_pound（分数：2.00）_4.finite（分数：2.00）_5.clause（分数：2.00）_6.ph

2、onemics（分数：2.00）_7.threatened（分数：2.00）_8.epiphenomenon（分数：2.00）_9.beta（分数：2.00）_10.genetic（分数：2.00）_二、填空题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)11. 1means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present(in time and space)at the moment of communication.（分数：2.00）填空项 1

3、:_12. 1 are produced by a closure in the vocal tract, or by a narrowing which is so marked that air cannot escape without producing audible friction.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.The systematic study of morpheme is a branch of linguistics called 1, which studies the internal structure of words, and the rules b

4、y which words are formed.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.Cohesiveness can be realized by employing various cohesive devices: conjunction, ellipsis, lexical collocation, lexical repetition, 1, substitution, etc.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.American Structuralism is a branch of 1linguistics that emerged in the United States

5、 at the beginning of the twentieth century.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17. 1found that Q-based implicatures can be readily cancelled by metalin

6、guistic negation, which does not affect what is said, but R-based implicatures cannot.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_18.The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.During the whole 20

7、th century, a great deal of efforts has been taken to treat the inquiry of linguistics as a 1 or autonomous pursuit of an independent science.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20.In cognitive terms, 1 is the use of elements of subject“s situatedness to designate something in the scene.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_21.According to

8、1(1996), the speech presentation continuum may have the following possibilities; direct speech, indirect speech, narrator“s representation of speech acts and narrator“s representation of speech.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.With the help of 1 linguistics, recently research has moved into the area of example-ba

9、sed machine translation. The method uses correct translation as a principal source of information for the creation of new ones.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.In the IPA chart, the sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels. The consonants are then divided into pulmonic and 1 consonants.（分数：2.00）填空项 1

10、:_24.According to Halliday, a clause is the simultaneous 1of ideational, interpersonal, and textual meanings.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.According to systemic-functionalists and American functionalists, language is not arbitrary at the 1 level.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、名词解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)26.Recreational function（分

11、数：2.00）_27.Pharyngeal（分数：2.00）_28.Loanshift（分数：2.00）_29.Tree diagram（分数：2.00）_30.Sense relations（分数：2.00）_31.Scale schema（分数：2.00）_32.Perlocutionary act（分数：2.00）_33.Emoticons（分数：2.00）_34.Linguistic determinism（分数：2.00）_35.System of signs（分数：2.00）_四、举例说明题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)36.Languages differ in their de

12、grees of dependence on the morphological components.（分数：2.00）_37.Chomsky“s Transformational-Generative Grammar has been challenged by a number of other approaches to language.（分数：2.00）_38.Language learning can take place when the learner has enough access to input in the target language.（分数：2.00）_五、

13、简答题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)39.What is PowerPoint and why is it so important in language teaching?（分数：2.00）_40.What aspects of language can one focus if one wants to analyze a novel or a story?（分数：2.00）_41.To what extent can one say that a piece of classroom work can be regarded as a task in language teaching

14、 and learning?（分数：2.00）_2013年中山大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案解析(总分：82.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、音标题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary.(10 points)Example: find/faind/ beneath/bi“ni:/empirical（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：empirical )解析：解析：(考查语言的娱乐功能)2.plagiarize（分数

15、：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：plagiarize )解析：解析：(考查喉音)pound（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：compound )解析：解析：(考查转移借词)4.finite（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：finite )解析：解析：(考查树形图)5.clause（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：clause )解析：解析：(考查词汇的涵义关系)6.phonemics（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：phonemics )解析：解析：(考查标量图示)7.threatened（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：threatened )解析

16、：解析：(考查取效行为)8.epiphenomenon（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：epiphenomenon )解析：解析：(考查表情符)9.beta（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：beta )解析：解析：(考查语言决定论)10.genetic（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：genetic )解析：解析：(考查语言的系统性)二、填空题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)11. 1means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which

17、 are not present(in time and space)at the moment of communication.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Displacement）解析：解析：(考查语言的移位性)语言的移位性指人类语言可以让说话人来表示在说话当时当地并不存在的物体、事件和观点。12. 1 are produced by a closure in the vocal tract, or by a narrowing which is so marked that air cannot escape without producing audibl

18、e friction.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Consonants）解析：解析：(考查辅音的定义)声道的某些部位受到挤压或阻碍后，使气流在口腔里转向、受阻或完全被阻挡，由此产生辅音。13.The systematic study of morpheme is a branch of linguistics called 1, which studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：morph

19、ology）解析：解析：(考查形态学的定义)形态学研究词语的内部结构和构词规则。14.Cohesiveness can be realized by employing various cohesive devices: conjunction, ellipsis, lexical collocation, lexical repetition, 1, substitution, etc.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：reference）解析：解析：(考查照应的定义)英语语篇中的衔接手段包括连接、省略、词汇衔接、词汇重复、照应、替代等。15.American Stru

20、cturalism is a branch of 1linguistics that emerged in the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：synchronic）解析：解析：(考查美国结构主义)美国结构主义是共时语言学的一个分支，独立地诞生于二十世纪初的美国。16.The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the pr

21、ocess of learning a language is often referred to as 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：interlanguage）解析：解析：(考查中介语的定义)中介语是指仍处于语言学习过程中的第二语言或者外语学习者所构建的语言。17. 1found that Q-based implicatures can be readily cancelled by metalinguistic negation, which does not affect what is said, but R-based implicatures ca

22、nnot.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Laurence Horn）解析：解析：(考查荷恩提出的数量原则和关系原则)荷恩(Laurence Horn)发现，基于 Q原则的含义可以通过元语言否定来取消，因为它不影响所说的内容；基于 R原则的含义则不能。18.The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of 1（分

23、数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：compositionality）解析：解析：(考查组合原则)组合原则是指句子的意义由成分词的意义及其组合方式所决定。19.During the whole 20th century, a great deal of efforts has been taken to treat the inquiry of linguistics as a 1 or autonomous pursuit of an independent science.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：monistic）解析：解析：(考查语言的一元

24、性)在整个 20世纪，人们将语言学视为一门独立的科学，追求其一元性和自治性，这种观点认为语言可以脱离社会背景而独立存在.20.In cognitive terms, 1 is the use of elements of subject“s situatedness to designate something in the scene.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：deixis）解析：解析：(考查指示语的定义)凡是用于特定语境中、具有指称功能的语言形式都可被称为指示语。21.According to 1(1996), the speech presentation

25、continuum may have the following possibilities; direct speech, indirect speech, narrator“s representation of speech acts and narrator“s representation of speech.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Short）解析：解析：(考查 short对言语表达连续性的观点)Short 认为言语表达的连续性有以下几种可能：直接言语(DS)、间接言语(IS)、叙述者对言语行为的表达(NRSA)、叙述者对言语的表达(NRS)。22.

26、With the help of 1 linguistics, recently research has moved into the area of example-based machine translation. The method uses correct translation as a principal source of information for the creation of new ones.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：corpus）解析：解析：(考查语料库语言学)语料库语言学指语言研究中运用语料库的原理和实践。机器翻译是基于例子的系

27、统，说明大数量的语料与现存翻泽之间存在联系。23.In the IPA chart, the sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels. The consonants are then divided into pulmonic and 1 consonants.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：non-pulmonic）解析：解析：(考查国际音标图的分类)国际音标图将语音分为元音和辅音，辅音又分为肺部气流辅音和非肺部气流辅音。24.According to Halliday, a clause is th

28、e simultaneous 1of ideational, interpersonal, and textual meanings.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：realisation）解析：解析：(考查子句)韩礼德(Halliday)认为，子句是概念意义、人际意义和语篇意义同时实现的产物。25.According to systemic-functionalists and American functionalists, language is not arbitrary at the 1 level.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：sy

29、ntactic）解析：解析：(考查语言的任意性)对系统功能语言学家和美国功能语言学家来说，语言在句法上是非任意性的。三、名词解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)26.Recreational function（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Recreational function refers to the use of language for the sheer joy of using it, such as a baby“s babbling or a chant“s chanting. The recreational function of a language is

30、 often overlooked because of its limitations in usefulness. However, no one can deny the enjoyment of language play.)解析：27.Pharyngeal（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Pharyngeal is made with the root of the tongue and the walls of the pharynx. There are few sounds at this place because of physiological difficult

31、y. Arabic is a language which contains pharyngeal fricatives.)解析：28.Loanshift（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：As one of the specific types of borrowing, loanshift refers to the process in which the meaning is borrowed, but the form is native. For example, “bridge“ is an English word, but when it refers to a typ

32、e of card game, the meaning was borrowed from the Italian ponte.)解析：29.Tree diagram（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Tree diagram refers to a diagram in which lines branch out from a central point or stem without forming any closed loops. It can be used in the Immediate Constituent Analysis of sentences.)解析：30.S

33、ense relations（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Sense can be defined as the semantic relations between one word and another. There are generally three kinds of sense relations, namely, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation, or in other words, synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy.)解析：31.S

34、cale schema（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Scale schema involves an increase or decrease of physical or metaphorical amount, and consists of any of the following:a closed-end or open-ended progression of amount, a position in the progression of amount, one or more norms of amount, a calibration of amount.)解析：3

35、2.Perlocutionary act（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Perlocutionary act refers to the effect of an utterance on the hearer. In this sense, saying something can mean to do something. Whether or not these effects are intended by the speaker, they can be regarded as part of the act that speaker has performed.)解析：33.Emoticons（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Emoticon