【学历类职业资格】英语词汇学自考题-1及答案解析.doc

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1、英语词汇学自考题-1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.A tricycle has _ wheels.A. one B. twoC. three D. four（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The idiom “Jack of all trades“ results from _.A. addition B. position-shiftingC. dismembering D. shortening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Degradation of meaning is the opposite of _.A. semantic transf

2、er B. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevation D. semantic narrowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4._ is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of individuals.A. Stylistic meaning B. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaning D. Affective meaning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D

3、.5.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in _.A. only one word B. two wordsC. more than three words D. different words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The meaning of a word is influenced immediately by _.A. linguistic context B. situational contextC. grammatical context D. extra-linguistic conte

4、xt（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called _.A. primary meaning B. derived meaningC. central meaning D. secondary meaning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.In Shakespearean line “ rats and mice and such small deer“, “ deer“ obviously designates “_“ in general

5、.A. a doe B. animalC. a deer-like animal D. buck（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Both LDCE and CCELD are _.A. general dictionaries B. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and B D. neither A nor B（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _.A. repetition B. all

6、iterationC. thyme D. none of the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Which of the following statements is true?A. Every word has reference. B. Every word has sense.C. Every word is semantically motivated. D. Every word is conceptually motivated.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Homophones are often employed to create puns f

7、or desired effects of _.A. humour B. sarcasmC. ridicule D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?A. Dorm. B. Motel.C. Gent. D. Zoo.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Which of the following belongs to number prefixes?A. Auto-. B. Mis-.C. Hemi-. D. Pre-.（分数：1.00

8、）A.B.C.D.15.There is no difference between natural vitamins and synthetic vitamins. The synonym of “synthetic“ is _.A. artificial B. rhetoricC. practical D. theoretical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.There are _ major classes of compounds.A. two B. fourC. three D. five（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.After the invading Germ

9、anic tribes, settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out _.A. Old English B. Middle EnglishC. Anglo-Saxon D. Celtic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.Semantics is the study of meaning of different _ levels; lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguistic B. grammaticalC. arbitrary D.

10、semantic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Neologisms are newly-created words, expressions or words that have taken on _ meanings.A. new B. oldC. bad D. good（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.The Normans invaded England in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of _ words into English.A. French B. GreekC. Roman D. La

11、tin（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.“Mackintosh“, “bloomers“ and “cherub“ are from _.A. names of books B. names of placesC. names of people D. tradenames（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.The suffixes in words “clockwise“, “homeward“ are _.A. noun suffixes B. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixes D. adjective suffixes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.

12、D.23.Sense denotes the relationships _ the language.A. outside B. withC. beyond D. inside（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.“Hopeless“ is a _ motivated word.A. morphologically B. onomatopoeicallyC. semantically D. etymologically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25._ refer to one of two or more words in the English language which h

13、ave the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. Polysemants B. SynonymsC. Antonyms D. Hyponyms（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.The meaning of “meat“ changed from “food“ to “flesh of animals“ by mode of _.A. extension B. narrowingC. elevation D. degradation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.The original meaning of the

14、 word “silly“ was _.A. sad B. jealousC. happy D. foolish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.“From cradle to grave“ is an example of _.A. simile B. metaphorC. synecdoche D. metonymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.“By hook and by crook“ manifests the rhetorical feature of _.A. alliteration B. thymeC. reiteration D. repetition（分数

15、：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.Extension is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become _.A. generalized B. expandedC. elevated D. degraded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.31.According to semanticists .a word is a unit of 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_32.If we say that Old English was a language of ful

16、l endings, Middle English was one of 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_33. 1 is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_34.Lexical meaning itself has two components: conceptual meaning and 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_35.In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all li

17、sted under one 1 whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_36.When idioms are used in actual context, they do experience 1 changes such as different forms of verbs, agreement of personal pronouns, number and so on.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_37.Encyclopedic dictionaries have the characteri

18、stics of both 1 and encyclopedia.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_38.A word is a 1 form that can function in a sentence.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_39.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is 1 context.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_40.LDCE is a 1 dictionary.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_41.degradation（分数：3.00）_42.denizens（分数：3.00）

19、_43.stem（分数：3.00）_44.back-formation（分数：3.00）_45.concatenation（分数：3.00）_46.What are the differences between compounds and free phrases?（分数：5.00）_47.How many groups may idioms be classified into?（分数：5.00）_48.What are the special features of A Chinese-English Dictionary (Revised Edition)(1995)?（分数：5.00

20、）_49.How would you explain the difference between back-formation and suffixation?（分数：5.00）_50.Comment on the sentence: “Structural stability of idioms is absolutely unchangeable.“ and explain the reasons.（分数：10.00）_51.Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of linguistic factors,

21、 based on the words given below:A gold, bulb;B deer, beast, animals;C fortuitous, fruition.（分数：10.00）_英语词汇学自考题-1 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.A tricycle has _ wheels.A. one B. twoC. three D. four（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：词缀“tr-”是表示数字的前缀，它表示的意思是“三”。例如，a triangle 指的是三角形。2.The idiom “Jack of all trades“ resu

22、lts from _.A. addition B. position-shiftingC. dismembering D. shortening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：缩短法(shortening)偶尔出现在部分格言或者谚语中，这些格言或谚语以一部分指代整个句子所代表的含义。习语“jack of all trades”的完整形式是“jack of all trades and master of none”。3.Degradation of meaning is the opposite of _.A. semantic transfer B. semantic pejora

23、tionC. semantic elevation D. semantic narrowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：4._ is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of individuals.A. Stylistic meaning B. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaning D. Affective meaning（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：内涵意义(connota

24、tive meaning)指的是词的语法意义所包含的暗示意思和相关联想。词语的内涵意义是不稳定的，根据不同的文化、历史时期和个人的经历而呈现出差异性。5.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in _.A. only one word B. two wordsC. more than three words D. different words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：一般来说，词的“意义”的意义就是指的“语义”(sense)，它和所指(reference)不同。“sense”指的是语言内部的关系。一个表

25、达的语义就是其在一门语言中，在它和其他表达所形成的语义关系系统中所处的位置。6.The meaning of a word is influenced immediately by _.A. linguistic context B. situational contextC. grammatical context D. extra-linguistic context（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：在句子中，词的意思直接受到其语言环境(linguistic context)的影响。语言环境包括词汇语境(lexical context)和语法语境(grammatical conte

26、xt)，在前者中，词的意思受到其临近的词的影响；在后者中，词的意思受到其所在的结构的影响。7.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called _.A. primary meaning B. derived meaningC. central meaning D. secondary meaning（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：从共时性的角度来看，一词多义现象是指某一个词所具有的不同的意思在一定的历史时期共存的现象。在这种情况下，一个词的基本意思(basic meaning)

27、就构成了词义的核心，被称为“中心意思”(central meaning)。8.In Shakespearean line “ rats and mice and such small deer“, “ deer“ obviously designates “_“ in general.A. a doe B. animalC. a deer-like animal D. buck（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：9.Both LDCE and CCELD are _.A. general dictionaries B. monolingual dictionariesC. both A

28、and B D. neither A nor B（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：10.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _.A. repetition B. alliterationC. thyme D. none of the above（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：头韵(alliteration)指两个或两个以上的单词首字母相同，从而形成悦耳的读音。常见的押头韵的短语有：first and foremost(首先)，(with)might an

29、d main(尽全力地)，chop and change(变化无常)等。脚韵或尾韵(rhyme)指的是不同的词结尾音相同。例如，fair and square(光明正大，诚实)。反复(repetition)指的是同一个词的重复。例如，out and out(完完全全)。因此，本题应选择 B。11.Which of the following statements is true?A. Every word has reference. B. Every word has sense.C. Every word is semantically motivated. D. Every word i

30、s conceptually motivated.（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：“所指”表示的是语言和客观世界的关系。“意义”的意义也就是所说的语义，即 sense，而sense表示的是语言内部的关系。每一个有意义(meaning)的词都有语义(sense)，但是并不是每一个词都有“所指”。例如 if，but，yes 等词在客观世界中没有任何指代的对象。12.Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of _.A. humour B. sarcasmC. ridicule D. all the

31、above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：13.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?A. Dorm. B. Motel.C. Gent. D. Zoo.（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：截短法(clipping)是指把一个词的一部分截去，而只用剩余的部分的方法。例如 dorm(dormitory)，gent(gentleman)，zoo(zoological garden)等。题目中的“motel”是从两个词中各取一部分拼缀在一起构成的词，使用的方法是拼缀法(blending)，即“motel

32、=motor+hotel”。14.Which of the following belongs to number prefixes?A. Auto-. B. Mis-.C. Hemi-. D. Pre-.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：15.There is no difference between natural vitamins and synthetic vitamins. The synonym of “synthetic“ is _.A. artificial B. rhetoricC. practical D. theoretical（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D

33、.解析：16.There are _ major classes of compounds.A. two B. fourC. three D. five（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：复合词主要有三类：名词性复合词，形容词性复合词和动词性复合词。17.After the invading Germanic tribes, settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out _.A. Old English B. Middle EnglishC. Anglo-Saxon D. Celtic（分数：1.00

34、）A.B.C.D. 解析：在罗马人之后，Angles，Saxons 和 Jutes几个日耳曼的部落入侵英国，他们的语言 Anglo-Saxon(盎格鲁-萨克逊语)占据了优势地位，而 Celtic(凯尔特语)几乎被湮没。18.Semantics is the study of meaning of different _ levels; lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguistic B. grammaticalC. arbitrary D. semantic（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：19.Neologisms are

35、 newly-created words, expressions or words that have taken on _ meanings.A. new B. oldC. bad D. good（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：20.The Normans invaded England in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of _ words into English.A. French B. GreekC. Roman D. Latin（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：21.“Mackintosh

36、“, “bloomers“ and “cherub“ are from _.A. names of books B. names of placesC. names of people D. tradenames（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：题目中的“mackintosh”，“bloomers”和“cherub”三个词来自于早期的人名，这些人主要是科学家和发明家等。“mackintosh”来自于苏格兰发明家 Mackintosh，现在表示“防水胶布，雨衣”；“bloomers”源自于纽约的 Bloomers女士，意思是“灯笼裤”；“cherub”一词来自于古时神话中的一个人物 Ch

37、erub，其现在的意思是“漂亮的小男孩”。22.The suffixes in words “clockwise“, “homeward“ are _.A. noun suffixes B. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixes D. adjective suffixes（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：“-ly”，“-ward”，“-wise”等词缀是副词词缀。题目中“clockwise”的意思是“顺时针地”；“homeward”的意思是“向家；在归途上”。23.Sense denotes the relationships _ the language.A

38、. outside B. withC. beyond D. inside（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：24.“Hopeless“ is a _ motivated word.A. morphologically B. onomatopoeicallyC. semantically D. etymologically（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：复合词和派生词都是多词素词，而且它们中许多词的意思都是各自词素意思的联合，也就是说在很多情况下，如果我们知道每一个词素的意思，即词缀或词根的意思，就可以猜出词的意思。例如，“hopeless”的意思就是“hope”和“-less”

39、两部分的意思的联合，即“没有希望”。25._ refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. Polysemants B. SynonymsC. Antonyms D. Hyponyms（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：26.The meaning of “meat“ changed from “food“ to “flesh of animals“ by mode of _.A. exte

40、nsion B. narrowingC. elevation D. degradation（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：词义的缩小(narrowing)指的是一个含义宽泛的词获得了更为具体的意思。题目中的“meat”一词原意是“食物”，而现在指“(动物的)肉”，词义缩小。27.The original meaning of the word “silly“ was _.A. sad B. jealousC. happy D. foolish（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：词义的降格(degradation)指的是具有褒义的词获得了贬义或者不含感情色彩的词变成了贬义词。题目

41、中的“silly”原意是“快乐的”，现在的意思是“愚蠢的”。28.“From cradle to grave“ is an example of _.A. simile B. metaphorC. synecdoche D. metonymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：转喻(metonymy)是一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替代的修辞方法。习语“in the cradle”指的是“童年时光”，“the grave”指“死亡”。29.“By hook and by crook“ manifests the rhetorical feature of _.A. al

42、literation B. thymeC. reiteration D. repetition（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：如果两个词或者两行诗句押脚韵，则其结尾有相同的发音。本题中“by hook and crook”就是一例。30.Extension is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become _.A. generalized B. expandedC. elevated D. degraded（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：31.Accor

43、ding to semanticists .a word is a unit of 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：meaning）解析：32.If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：leveled endings）解析：33. 1 is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.（分数：

44、1.50）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Conversion）解析：34.Lexical meaning itself has two components: conceptual meaning and 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：associative meaning）解析：35.In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one 1 whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：headword）解析：36.When idioms are used in actual context, they do experience 1 changes such as different forms of verbs, agreement of personal pronouns, number and so on.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：grammatical）解析：37.Encyclopedic dictionaries have t