EN 12681-2-2017 Founding - Radiographic testing - Part 2 Techniques with digital detectors.pdf
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1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Founding Radiographic testingPart 2: Techniques with digital detectorsBS EN 12681-2:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12681-2 November 2017 ICS 77.040.20 English Version Founding - Radiographic te
2、sting - Part 2: Techniques with digital detectors Fonderie - Contrle par radiographie - Partie 2 : Techniques laide de dtecteurs numriques Gieereiwesen - Durchstrahlungsprfung - Teil 2: Technik mit digitalen Detektoren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 July 2017. CEN members are bound
3、 to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN
4、-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre ha
5、s the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Lu
6、xembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-
7、1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12681-2:2017 ENational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12681-2:2017. Together with BS EN 12681-1:2017 it supersedes BS EN 12681:2003, w
8、hich is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ISE/111, Steel Castings and Forgings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisi
9、ons of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 93114 7ICS 77.040.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published
10、 under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 12681-2:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12681-2 November 2017 ICS 77.040.20 English Version Founding -
11、 Radiographic testing - Part 2: Techniques with digital detectors Fonderie - Contrle par radiographie - Partie 2 : Techniques laide de dtecteurs numriques Gieereiwesen - Durchstrahlungsprfung - Teil 2: Technik mit digitalen Detektoren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 July 2017. CEN m
12、embers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on applic
13、ation to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Mana
14、gement Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvi
15、a, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Aven
16、ue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12681-2:2017 EBS EN 12681-2:2017EN 12681-2:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms
17、and definitions . 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations 13 5 Classification of radiographic techniques and compensation principles 14 5.1 Classification 14 5.2 Compensation principles 14 6 General preparations and requirements 15 6.1 Protection against ionizing radiation . 15 6.2 Surface preparation and sta
18、ge of manufacture . 15 6.3 Agreements 15 6.4 Personnel qualification 16 7 Test arrangements . 16 7.1 General . 16 7.2 Single wall radiography of plane areas 16 7.3 Single wall radiography of curved areas . 16 7.4 Double wall radiography of plane and curved areas 17 7.5 Choice of test arrangements fo
19、r complex geometries 17 7.6 Acceptable test area dimensions 17 8 Choice of tube voltage and radiation source 21 8.1 X-ray devices up to 1 000 kV 21 8.2 Other radiation sources . 23 9 Metal screens for IPs and shielding . 23 10 Reduction of scattered radiation 25 10.1 Metal filters and collimators 25
20、 10.2 Interception of backscattered radiation 26 11 Source object and detector position 26 11.1 General . 26 11.2 Source-to-object distance for magnification 1,4). Because of the better sensitivity compared to class A, the casting may be regarded as being examined to class B, if the correct IQI sens
21、itivity is achieved. This does not apply if the special SDD reduction as specified in Clause 11 for test arrangements Figure 3 and Figure 4 are used. 5.2 Compensation principles Three rules to be applied in this standard for radiography with digital detectors to achieve sufficient contrast sensitivi
22、ty. This requires achieving a minimum contrast-to-noise ratio, normalized to the detector basic spatial resolution (CNRN) per detectable material thickness difference w. If the required normalized contrast-to-noise ratio (CNRNper w) cannot be achieved due to an insufficient value of one of the follo
23、wing parameters, this can be compensated by an increase in the signal to noise ratio (SNR): CP I: Compensation for reduced contrast (e.g. by increased tube voltage) by increased SNR (e.g. by increased tube current or exposure time). CP II: Compensation for insufficient detector sharpness (the value
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