2017年湘潭大学240英语(二外)考研真题.pdf
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1、湘潭大学2017年 硕 士研究生入学考 试 初 试题考 试 科目名 称 及代 码 :英 语 (二外 ) 240适 用 专 业 : 日 语 言文学,法 语 言文学,德 语 言文学 _注意:所有答 题 一律 写 在答 题纸 上,否 则 无效。Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)There are two basic way
2、s to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally 1 personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a 2 , the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language all these are examples o
3、f people who have 3 results to show for their efforts._ 4_, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by 5 it is a journey and not the 6 signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their
4、caution or courage, 7 they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really 8 : there are always new ways toexperience the world, new ideas to try,new challenges to accept.In 9 to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take10 . to
5、 confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at11 . How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we 12 ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and be more 13 to unfamiliar experiences. Do we th
6、ink we are shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can 14 us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we are slow to 15 to change or that we are not smart enough to 16 with a new challenge? Then we are 17 to take a more passive 18 or no
7、t to try at all.These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are 19 unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal gears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we 20 to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.1. A
8、. viewed B. rethought2 . A. motion B. transfer3. A. measured B. measureless4 . A. In other words B. By contrast5. A. chance B. mistakeC. reviewed C. promotion C. immeasurable C. As a result C. originD. thought D. motive D. measurable D. Above all D. definition第 1页共10页6. A. specific B. special C. spo
9、ntaneous D. spectacular7. A. while B. since C. as D. for8. A. stops B. ends C. results D. concludes9. A. case B. order C. respect D. way10 . A. measures B. steps C. risks D. actions11. A. random B. first C. length D. intervals12 . A. understand B. fancy C. think D. perceive13. A. open B. reluctant C
10、. opt D. positive14 . A. cause B. make C. help D. induce15. A. adhere B. adept C. adapt D. adopt16. A. cooperate B. connect C. live D.cope17. A. alike B. likely C. likewise D. likeable18. A. step B. role C. chance D. opportunity19. A. both B. either C. all D. neither20 . A. continue B. stop C. cease
11、 D. tendSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, D on ANSWER SHEET (40 points)Text 1Culture is the total sum of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human bei
12、ngs. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People
13、once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue
14、answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usuall
15、y fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All第2页 共 10页languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting
16、 together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2 . The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages,while different from ours,are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. An accidental langu
17、age distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this, and “that”); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.This study of language, in turn
18、, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all culture are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.2 1. The language of uncivilized groups as compared to Western languages are limitedin _ .A. sound patterns B. vocabulariesC. grammatical structures D. bo
19、th A and B22 . The author says that professional linguists recognize that _ .A. western languages are superior to Eastern languagesB. all languages came from grunts and groansC. the hierarchy of languages is difficult to understandD. there is no hierarchy of languages2 3. The article states that gru
20、nt-and_ groan forms of speech are found _ .A. nowhere todayB. among the Australian aboriginesC. among Eastern culturesD. among people speaking “backward” languages24 . According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have _ .A. the potential for expanding vocabularyB. their own sound pa
21、tternsC. an ability to transfer ideasD. grammatical structures2 5. Which of the following is implied but not articulated in the passage?A. The study of languages has discredited anthropological studies.B. The study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy a
22、mong cultures.C. The study of language is the same as the study of anthropologists.D. The study of languages casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists.Text 2The tendency to look for some outside group to blame for our misfortunes is certainly common and it is often sustained by social prej
23、udice. There seems to be little doubt that one of the principal causes of prejudice is fear: in particular the fear that the interests of our own group are going to be endangered by the actions of another. This第 3页共10页is less likely to be the case in a stable, relatively unchanging society in which
24、the members of different social and occupational groups know what to expect of each other, and know what to expect for themselves. In times of rapid racial and economic change, however, new occupations and new social roles appear, and people start looking jealously at each other to see whether their
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- 2017 湘潭 大学 240 英语 考研 PDF
