2014年电子科技大学288单独考试英语考研真题.pdf

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1、第 1 页 共 10 页 电子科技大学 2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 考试科目：288 单独考试英语 注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。 I. Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each one by choosing A) B) C) D) Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 。 Passage 1 Nearly everyone in Br

2、itain would like to own their own home and, whether they do or not, they are prepared to put time and money into decorating and furnishing it or even making structural alterations to it. Because of the climate and because of the expense involved in going out for the evening, the British spend a lot

3、of time at home and a large part of their social life takes place there. Young people tend to stay with their families longer these days as accommodation is expensive but, when they move away to a job or college, there are various options open to them. They can get lodgings with a landlady. This mea

4、ns that they rent a room in someones house and have breakfast with the family. They can also get a bed-sitting room, that is to say, one self-contained room in which they can cook, live and sleep. Alternatively, they can share a rented flat or house with a group of young people, perhaps the most pop

5、ular option of all. When young people get married or have steady income, they often buy a house. They do this by taking out a mortgage with a building society or banks. They are the official owners and mortgage is a financial loan for anything up to 100% of the value of the house repayable over twen

6、ty to forty years. People can find it difficult to repay their mortgage, but at least they know that in the end the house will be theirs. If people cannot afford to buy their own house, they can rent property from a private landlord, as do 10% of the population, or from their local council. Council

7、housing is very cheap to rent in comparison with any other type of accommodation and so a lot of people want to live in it. Waiting lists are long because there are just not enough council houses these days to meet the growing need. Unfortunately, homelessness is an increasingly serious problem all

8、over Britain. It affects all ages: single people, couples with children, even old-age pensioners. In 1984, for example, 83,190 households, a term that covers families and single people, were officially listed as homeless. This is the tip of the iceberg. In one year, 170,190 households applied to be

9、put on the list, but thousands were turned down although they were probably living in overcrowded conditions or in housing that badly needed repairing and improving. 1. Why do the British spend a lot of time at home? A) Because the expense for going out is huge. B) Because the climate is not very fa

10、vorable, 第 2 页 共 10 页 C) Because they do not like going out. D) Both A) and B). 2. Young people have the choices in renting a room before they get married except that _. A) they can rent a flat or a house with others B) they can rent a room from a landlady and eat breakfast with the family C) they c

11、an rent a room where they can sleep, cook and meet their guest D) many of them afford to rent a very large flat or house alone 3. Why do people have to wait very long for the council house? A) Because the council houses ask for high rent and people have to save for them. B) Because people have to ap

12、ply for mortgage for such a house. C) Because there are more people in need and fewer houses available. D) Because the council has to spend a long time deciding who should rent the house. 4. According to the passage, who meet with housing problem in Britain? A) Only young people. B) Only old people.

13、 C) People of different ages. D) Only couples with children. 5. The sentence “This is the tip of the iceberg” probably means _. A) this is only a small problem B) there are only a small number of homeless people C) this number is small D) there are actually more homeless people than officially liste

14、d Passage 2 Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” that both to the general public and to the sociologists that modern society has changed peoples natural relationships, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing

15、acquaintances. However, in recent years, a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a small proportion of your neighbors than you do if you live in a smaller community. But for the most part, this fact has few

16、significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between

17、 more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ

18、 between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of small communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers

19、. 第 3 页 共 10 页 These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be

20、a link between a communitys population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behaviors, including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are, also more likely than their small-town counterparts t

21、o have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates and to be more tolerant to non-traditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual b

22、ehavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. 6. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph? A) Two contrasting views are presented. B) An argument and possible solutions are given. C) Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in o

23、rder of time. D) A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given. 7. According to the passage, it was a common belief that urban residents _. A) did not have the same interest with their neighbors B) could not develop long-standing relationships C) tended to be as

24、sociated with bad behaviors D) usually had more friends 8. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationship among neighbors _. A) disrupt peoples natural relationships B) make them worry about crime C) cause them not to show concern for one another D) cause them to be suspicious

25、 of each other 9. It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is _. A) the higher its quality of life B) the more similar its interests C) the more tolerant and open-minded it is D) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress 10. What is the passage mainly abou

26、t? A) Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwellers. B) Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns. C) The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life. D) The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants. Passage 3 第

27、 4 页 共 10 页 Banks began issuing plastic cards as another way of providing credit to their customers. The card gave banks a cost-efficient way of increasing volume of small consumer loans: a bank would have to handle only one application for a line of credit that could be used many times over and it

28、could make profit from finance charges. Originally, Diners Club, Hilton Hotels and American Express offered their cards with a convenience rather than as extensions of credit. In exchange for not having to carry cash, their cardholders were charged an annual membership fee. The T at the same rate of

29、 interest, Carte Blanche cardholders can extend payment only for airline tickets. American Express also allows its regular cardholders to pay in installments but restricts this option to travel-related purchases (airline and cruise tickets, and tour packages). Its interest charges range from 18 to 2

30、1 percent, depending on the state in which the cardholders resides. American Express first extended credit when it came out with the Gold Card in 1966, issued through banks in which cardholders maintained lines of credit. And just as the travel and entertainment cards have taken on bank card qualiti

31、es, so too have bank cards become more like T I _ everything ahead carefully. A) should plan B) had planned C) planned D) should have planned 27. I dont think it advisable that he _ to the job since he has no experience. A) will be assigned B) be assigned C) was assigned D) is assigned 28. If it had

32、 not been for his understanding wife, very possibly he _ literature altogether. A) may abandon B) may have abandoned C) might abandon D) might have abandoned 29. Not only _ a wide range of prices for goods in the city, there is also a wide range in the quality of goods offered for sale. A) are there

33、 B) there are C) is there D) there is 30. No one is allowed to enter the patients room _ the doctor gives his permission. A) except B) if C) unless D) besides III. Vocabulary (15 points) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B)

34、,C) and D).Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET 31. He insisted on _ his wife but he soon changed his mind for the sake of his 6-year-old son. A) separating B) breaking C) divorcing D) delivering 32. I am _ to think that ancie

35、nt Greeks understood this better than we do. A) tentative B) subject C) subjected D) inclined 33. A UN official said that the aid programs would be _ until there was adequate protection for relief convoy. A) depended B) suspended C) prostponed D) expended 34. They insisted that John did not follow t

36、he correct _ in applying for a visa. A) process B) procedure C) procession D) routine 第 8 页 共 10 页 35. Mary _ Bob for stealing her car, but her accusation was dismissed for lack of convincing evidence. A) accused B) charged C) sued D) scolded 36. An open wound should be kept clean and protected from

37、 _. A) disease B) infection C) plague D) infectious 37. Many women are left as _ providers in families after their husbands died in the war. A) prime B) senior C) supreme D) sole 38. We tried to _ him from climbing the mountain without a guide. A) dismiss B) embarrass C) discourage D) disturb 39. Hi

38、s _ as an economist has been reinforced for his successful fight against inflation. A) power B) capacity C) competence D) faculty 40. The eminent scientist was so easy-going and _ that college students like to talk with him. A) graceful B) gracious C) elegant D) magnificent 41. To the great disappoi

39、ntment of the football fans, the team was _ in the first round of the championship. A) slaughtered B) deported C) eliminated D) destroyed 42. We propose to _ our home according to our own taste. A) arm B) equip C) supply D) furnish 43. The first settlers in Australia were not _ immigrants; they were

40、 forced there as penalty for crimes committed in England. A) voluntary B) legal C) quota D) regular 44. As the market was _ with goods and the economy became balanced, inflation went down. A) abundant B) sponged C) saturated D) submerged 45. When he woke up, he found a _ of sunlight had come through

41、 the window. A) flash B) flight C) shaft D) succession 46. I am quite thankful to the professor for his _ help when I was in trouble. A) gentle B) genius C) genuine D) generated 47. Before he moved into his new house, the young man spent 3,000 dallars on electronic _. A) instruments B) appliances C)

42、 applications D) facilities 48. Education was _ to the merchant when he was young because his family was poor. A) refused B) declined C) denied D) deprived 49. For some people, it is a matter of _ whether they pay their monthly bills regularly. A) consciousness B) conscience C) conscientiousness D)

43、conscious 50. Business is so good that our original _ of $10,000 has jumped to $30,000 in value. A) investment B) deposit C) expense D) loan 51. I wish you could be more _ to your father whether he is kind to you or not. A) respectable B) respectful C) respective D) respecting 第 9 页 共 10 页 52. The p

44、olice and the villagers all unanimously _ the forest fire to thunder and lighting. A) described B) ascribed C) prescribed D) distributed 53. The point at _ at the meeting is whether they are to import the assembly line, A) argument B) controversy C) issue D) conflict 54. Jane told me that her shops

45、_ profit is 20,000 dollars annually. A) credit B) rough C) gross D) tough 55. The new policy will surely give _ to foreign investment in environmental protection. A) inspiration B) motive C) desire D) impetus 56. The corporation was accused of _ stock market and imposed a fine of 20,000 dollars. A)

46、steering B) managing C) operating D) maneuvering 57. The man had gone to the reception desk, _ to check out. A) incidentally B) presumably C) likely D) virtually 58. Experts generally agree that diet has an important _ on ones health. A) relation B) connection C) association D) bearing 59. Before we

47、 _ again, let me give you a word or two of advice on how to do the experiment. A) initiate B) pioneer C) commence D) recommend 60. Please keep the numbered cards in _; dont mix them up. A) series B) succession C) sequence D) procedure IV. Cloze (10 points) Directions: The following passage contains

48、10 blanks. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET It is not just names that are changing, say experts 61 aging. As America stands on the 62 of an unprecedented boom in the number of citizens over the age of 65, the way older adults 63 themselvesand are viewed by society is 64 a profound cultur