ISO TR 17350-2013 Direct Marking on Plastic Returnable Transport Items (RTIs)《塑料可退回运输物品(RTIs)的直接印记》.pdf

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1、 ISO 2013 Direct Marking on Plastic Returnable Transport Items (RTIs) Inscription directe sur les lments restituables en plastique de transport (RTIs) TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 17350 First edition 2013-06-15 Reference number ISO/TR 17350:2013(E) ISO/TR 17350:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reserved COPY

2、RIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permi

3、ssion. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO/TR 173

4、50:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword v Introduction vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms, definitions and abbr e viations 1 4 Types of Returnable Transport Items (RTIs) 1 4.1 Pallets 1 4.2 Sheet pallet (Slip sheet). 4 4.3 Returnable boxes. 4 4.4 Partitions 7

5、 5 Unique Identifier of R eturnable T r ansport It ems (R TIs) . 8 5.1 Data field identification . 8 5.2 Maximum data length . 8 5.3 Character set . 8 5.4 Data structure 8 6 Marking method 9 6.1 Label . 9 6.2 Direct marking 9 7 Two-dimensional symbology requirements .10 7.1 QR Code requirements 10 7

6、.2 Data Matrix requirements 13 8 Experimental Test 1 .14 8.1 Objective 14 8.2 Test sample 14 8.3 Marker .15 8.4 Two-dimensional symbol .15 8.5 Marked data 16 8.6 Reader 16 8.7 Evaluation results 16 8.8 Considerations .16 9 Experimental Test 2 .17 9.1 Objective 17 9.2 Test sample 17 9.3 Marker .19 9.

7、4 Two-dimensional symbol .20 9.5 Marked data 20 9.6 Reader (evaluation device) .20 9.7 Reading evaluation method 20 9.8 Evaluation results 21 9.9 Considerations .22 10 Experimental Test 3 .23 10.1 Objective 23 10.2 Test sample 23 10.3 Markers.25 10.4 Two-dimensional symbol .26 10.5 Marked data 26 10

8、.6 Evaluation Device 26 10.7 Evaluation Methods .26 10.8 Evaluation results 27 10.9 Conclusion of evaluation results .27 ISO/TR 17350:2013(E)iv ISO 2013 All rights reserved Annex A (informative) Example of serial numbers (SNs) 29 Annex B (informative) Example of structured data .31 Annex C (informat

9、ive) Specification of the hand-held scanner used t o r ead DPM s ymbols 33 Annex D (informative) Specification of a hand-held t erminal 36 Annex E (informative) Specification of the fix ed scanner used .38 Annex F (informative) Specification of LED lig ht for the fix ed scanner used 40 Annex G (info

10、rmative) Specification of the v erifier used .42 Annex H (informative) Specification of LED lig ht for the v erifier used .44 Annex I (informative) Specification of the F A Yb laser used .47 Annex J (informative) Specifications of a C O 2laser .50 Annex K (informative) Specification of a dot peen ma

11、r k er 52 Anne x L (informative) T ypes of LED lig hts 54 Annex M (informative) Evaluation results on Samples A .56 Annex N (informative) Evaluation results on Samples B 59 Annex O (informative) Evaluation results on Samples C.62 Bibliography .64 ISO/TR 17350:2013(E) Foreword ISO (the International

12、Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been esta

13、blished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardiza

14、tion. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for votin

15、g. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such

16、patent rights. In exceptional circumstances, when the technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informati

17、ve in nature and shall be subject to review every five years in the same manner as an International Standard. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent

18、 rights. ISO/TR 17350 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 122, Packaging. ISO 2013 All rights reserved v ISO/TR 17350:2013(E) Introduction The typical returnable transport item (RTI) used in physical distribution is a pallet. In the logistics industry, however, carton boxes, which are normall

19、y loaded on a pallet and tightly bound with a rope or net, are traditionally used. For environmental reasons, in recent years, these carton boxes are being replaced by plastic RTIs (returnable box). This is a growing trend, especially in the manufacturing industry, where RTIs are regarded as an impo

20、rtant delivery means in the transportation between production sites and where RTIs are implemented for carrying items from the distribution centre to the retailer. However, the lack of a well-established structure to control RTIs (owner management) has created problems resulting in uncontrolled, dis

21、carded, lost or stolen RTIs. Generally, in supply chain management, an RTI filled with items is exchanged among the trading partners in the conventional forward logistics and the same RTI is emptied and collected for reuse in the reverse logistics (return process). Because no efficient RTI managemen

22、t system currently exists, collection of RTIs has not been successful and this is adversely affecting the efficiency of the overall shipping process. An ideal solution would be the use of an identification code to uniquely identify individual RTIs. Data carriers for this potential management system

23、could include OCR, linear symbols, two-dimensional symbols or RFID. The use of an OCR-based reader is not recommended because of its cost and linear symbols are not practical for storing a large amount of data. Taking these factors into consideration, a 2D symbol may be a reasonable choice for marki

24、ng RTIs. Two methods are available for applying 2D symbols on RTIs; labelling and direct marking. Most labels are accompanied by the risk of peeling off during a long cycle of reuse, but using a highly durable label that resists peeling comes at a higher cost. For that reason, this technical report

25、proposes marking 2D symbols directly on the RTIs. And because a variety of colours are used for RTIs and achieving a 100 % read rate for some colours is nearly impossible, this technical report is intended to provide guidance to determine the most appropriate marking and reading method for resin-mad

26、e RTIs. This Technical Report contains 15 annexes, all of which provide informative information: Annex A Example of serial numbers (SNs) Annex B Example of structured data Annex C Specification of hand-held scanner Annex D Specification of hand-held terminal Annex E Specification of fixed scanner An

27、nex F Specification of LED light for fixed scanner Annex G Specification of verifier Annex H Specification of LED light for verifier Annex I Specification of FAYb laser Annex J Specification of CO2 laser Annex K Specification of dot peen maker Annex L Types of LED light Annex M Evaluation results on

28、 samples A Annex N Evaluation results on samples B Annex O Evaluation results on samples Cvi ISO 2013 All rights reserved TE CHNICAL REP OR T ISO/TR 17350:2013(E) Direct Marking on Plastic Returnable Transport Items (RTIs) 1 Scope This Technical Report provides guidance on Returnable transport items

29、 (RTIs) Identification codes used for RTIs Specifications for two-dimensional symbols Method for direct marking Reading method for direct marking 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application

30、. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 445, Pallets for materials handling Vocabulary ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts), Information technology Automatic identification and data cap

31、ture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary ISO 21067, Packaging Vocabulary 3 T erms, d efinitions and abbr e viations For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions, and abbreviations given in ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts), ISO 445 and ISO 21067 apply. NOTE Within this document, “NG” is an

32、abbreviation for “no good”. 4 Types of Returnable Transport Items (RTIs) The term Returnable Transport Items (RTIs) typically refers to logistics materials used among suppliers for shipping (transferring) parts/components and assemblies. The purpose of this technical report is to recommend a method

33、to identify RTIs for the establishment of an RTI control system that can be shared throughout the industry. However, considering the fact that RTIs of different sizes and materials are used in the market, it is difficult to apply the same definition to all the types of RTIs. The focus of this report

34、 is on the typical RTI characteristics as defined below. 4.1 Pallets Figures from 1 to 7, below, show typical examples of pallets, which include a flat pallet, roll box pallet, box pallet, post pallet, silo pallet, tank pallet and sheet pallet. In the manufacturing industry, pallet- formed RTIs spec

35、ially designed for the industry are widely implemented (see Figure 7). This technical report applies to RTIs illustrated in Figures 1, 3, 4 and 7. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1 ISO/TR 17350:2013(E) Figure 1 Plate pallets Figure 2 Roll box pallet Figure 3 Box pallets2 ISO 2013 All rights reserved IS

36、O/TR 17350:2013(E) Figure 4 Post pallets Figure 5 Silo pallet Figure 6 Tank pallet ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3 ISO/TR 17350:2013(E) Figure 7 Special pallets 4.2 Sheet pallet (Slip sheet) A sheet pallet, or a slip-sheet, is a sheet-like packing material that is used instead of a plate pallet when

37、loading a returnable box on a carrier vehicle, such as a truck. This sheet pallet facilitates easy handling of the returnable box by reducing a friction generated between the returnable box and the undercarriage of the truck. By pulling the tab of the sheet pallet, the returnable box is smoothly unl

38、oaded from the truck without difficulties. The sheet pallet can also be used under the returnable box (see Figure 8). This technical report is also applicable to the sheet pallet in Figure 8. Figure 8 Sheet pallets 4.3 Returnable boxes Figures 9 and 10 below show typical examples of returnable boxes

39、, including those for carrying multiple objects on a flat pallet. Metallic drums and barrels used for liquids, oil or powders are not included in this technical report. It does, however, apply to containers for carrying non-solid substances such as beverages, detergent or coating materials.4 ISO 201

40、3 All rights reserved ISO/TR 17350:2013(E) F i g u r e 9 L a r g e -s i z e d r e t u r n a b l e t r a n s p o r t i t e m s F i g u r e 1 0 M e d i u m -s i z e d r e t u r n a b l e t r a n s p o r t i t e m s F i g u r e 1 1 L i q u i d c o n t a i n e r s , l i k e m e t a l l i c d r u m s 4.3

41、.1 Plastic returnable containers Plastic returnable boxes, made mainly of polypropylene, have been widely used for carrying beer for more than 20 years and they are now regarded as a typical RTI. Since its first appearance, the plastic container has been recognized in the logistics industry as an al

42、ternative to the cardboard box or wooden crate. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 5 ISO/TR 17350:2013(E) 4.3.1.1 Applications The largest application for plastic returnable boxes is to store and/or deliver parts and components for vehicles and electronic home appliances. This is followed by applications

43、in the grocery supermarkets and convenience stores. Table 1 Typical applications for plastic containers Application Examples Manufacturing Storage or delivery of parts/components used in vehicles and electronic home appliances Logistics Apparel, convenience stores and supermarkets Others Agriculture

44、 and fishery The use of plastic returnable boxes is effective only if a well-established system for collecting and reusing them is provided as part of the shipping process. In general, the plastic returnable boxes currently seen on the market come in two types, namely a simple plastic box (composed

45、of a single piece) and a foldable plastic box (composed of multiple pieces). There is not much difference in the price between the two, however, the foldable plastic box is more convenient and suitable for storage and is widely used. 4.3.1.2 Materials for plastic returnable boxes Most plastic return

46、able boxes are made of polypropylene (PP), not polyethylene (PE). In general, the use of polyethylene is limited to items for cold climates or applications specific to refrigerator cars. Other kinds of plastic boxes made of polycarbonate or ABS are also seen on the market, but those actually impleme

47、nted to the fields are very few. This Technical Report addresses polypropylene-made RTIs. 4.3.2 Plastic returnable corrugated boxes Similar to a paper-based returnable cardboard box, the hollow structure is adopted for a plastic-based corrugated container for keeping and carrying parts and component

48、s in the production of vehicles and electronic home appliances. Due to its outstanding characteristics, such as durability against shock and a high level of hygiene, the plastic box is regarded as ideal for keeping and carrying highly sensitive parts. This plastic box is also replacing wooden crates

49、. 4.3.2.1 Applications for returnable plastic corrugated boxes The largest application for plastic returnable corrugated boxes is for industrial use, followed by public engineering and building works. Most of these RTIs are used as returnable boxes for keeping and carrying parts and components used in a broad range of products related to liquid crystal display TVs and automobiles. 4.3.2.2 Materials for returnable plastic corrugated boxes The type of resin used for plastic corrug