ISO 8644-2006 Motorcycles - Light-alloy wheels - Test method《摩托车 轻质合金钢轮 试验方法》.pdf

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1、 Reference number ISO 8644:2006(E) ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8644 Second edition 2006-11-01 Motorcycles Light-alloy wheels Test method Motocycles Roues en alliages lgers Mthodes dessai ISO 8644:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes li

2、censing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The

3、ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has

4、been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be re

5、produced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 2

6、2 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reservedISO 8644:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Test. 2 5 R

7、otational bending fatigue test . 2 5.1 Test equipment . 2 5.2 Test conditions . 3 5.3 Test procedure 3 6 Radial load durability test 3 6.1 Test equipment . 3 6.2 Test conditions . 4 6.3 Test procedure 5 7 Radial impact resistance test 5 7.1 Test equipment . 5 7.2 Test conditions . 7 7.3 Test procedu

8、re 8 8 Torsional fatigue test 8 8.1 Test equipment . 8 8.2 Test conditions . 8 8.3 Test procedure 9 9 Air leak test 10 9.1 Test equipment . 10 9.2 Test conditions . 10 9.3 Test procedure 10 10 Performance 11 10.1 Durability against bending moment 11 10.2 Durability against radial load. 11 10.3 Impac

9、t resistance 11 10.4 Durability against torsional moment 11 10.5 Airtightness of rims 11 ISO 8644:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing

10、 International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liais

11、on with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of te

12、chnical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is dr

13、awn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 8644 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 22, Motorcycles. This second

14、edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8644:1988), which has been technically revised. ISO 8644:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved v Introduction It is recognized that there are three types of somewhat different equipment for radial impact testing. Application of any of the types of t

15、est equipment is effective in this International Standard. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8644:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 Motorcycles Light-alloy wheels Test method 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for determining the performance of light-alloy road wheels for motorcycle

16、s under normal road use. This International Standard is applicable to wheels for motorcycles with two or three wheels (including motorcycles equipped with side-cars) as defined in ISO 3833, of the following types: unit construction light-alloy wheels; and composite construction light-alloy wheels. 2

17、 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3833, Road vehicles Typ

18、es Terms and definitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 unit construction light-alloy wheel wheel of which rim and spokes, or disc, are manufactured as a single unit 3.2 composite construction light-alloy wheel wheel of which

19、 rim is made of light alloy, and of which support structure of light alloy or other metals is then assembled 3.3 single mass impact test equipment impact test equipment in which a single striker can be dropped freely 3.4 pendulum impact test equipment pendulum impact test equipment in which striker

20、can be swung freely 3.5 double mass impact test equipment impact test equipment in which both main and auxiliary striker weights are joined together with coil springs and can be dropped freely to give a combined force ISO 8644:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved4 Test The tests to be carried out

21、shall be the following: a) rotational bending fatigue test (see Clause 5); b) radial load durability test (see Clause 6); c) radial impact resistance test (see Clause 7); d) torsional fatigue test (see Clause 8); e) air leak test (applicable only to wheels designed and marked for use with tubeless t

22、yres; see Clause 9). A different wheel may be used for each test. 5 Rotational bending fatigue test 5.1 Test equipment The test equipment shall be planned to produce a constant bending moment on the centre of the light-alloy wheel which rotates at a constant velocity. An example of such equipment is

23、 shown in Figure 1. Key 1 rotary disc 2 fastening 3 light-alloy wheel 4 loading arm 5 pivot point 6 weight Figure 1 Example of equipment for rotational bending fatigue test ISO 8644:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3 5.2 Test conditions 5.2.1 Bending moment The bending moment, M, in newton metre

24、s, applied in accordance with 5.3, shall be determined by the following equation: 0,7 M Fv R = where is the friction coefficient between tyre and road, equal to 0,7; Fv is the maximum vertical static load on the wheel or the wheel load rating, in newtons, as specified by the vehicle or wheel manufac

25、turer; R is the maximum static radius, in metres, of the largest applicable tyre, or the tyre specified by the vehicle or wheel manufacturer. 5.2.2 Loading arm length It is recommended that the length of the loading arm be equal to the radius of the tyre determined in accordance with 5.2.1. 5.3 Test

26、 procedure Rotate the test equipment with the bending moment, M, determined in accordance with 5.2.1, applied after the rim flange of the light-alloy test wheel has been fixed to the driven rotating disc (see Figure 1). A loading arm of sufficient rigidity shall be attached to the wheel by the same

27、method as the wheel is normally attached to the vehicle. 6 Radial load durability test 6.1 Test equipment The test equipment, of which Figure 2 shows an example, shall meet the following requirements: a) the test equipment shall have a drum, of diameter 400 mm or bigger, with a smooth surface which

28、is wider than the overall width of the tyre used in the test; b) the drum specified in a) shall rotate at a constant velocity; c) the test equipment shall permit a radial load to be applied to the wheel and shall be such that the wheel is maintained in contact with the drum under constant load. ISO

29、8644:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reservedKey 1 rotating drum 2 tyre 3 light-alloy wheel 4 radial load Figure 2 Example of equipment for radial load durability test 6.2 Test conditions 6.2.1 Static radial load The radial load, Q, in newtons, to be applied as in 6.3, shall be determined by the follo

30、wing equation: 2, 25 QF v = where Fv is the maximum vertical static load on the wheel or the wheel load rating, in newtons, as specified by the vehicle or wheel manufacturer. 6.2.2 Tyre air pressure The air pressure before the test, in kilopascals, shall be at least that corresponding to the design

31、maximum load of the tyre to be used in the test. 6.2.3 Tolerance for load fluctuation The tolerance for load fluctuation during the test shall be 5 %. 6.2.4 Tyre failure In case of tyre failure, the test shall be continued after replacing the tyre. ISO 8644:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 5 6.3

32、 Test procedure Fit the light-alloy wheel with an appropriate tyre to the test equipment (see Figure 2) according to the method used to attach the wheel to the vehicle. The drum shall then be rotated while the radial load, Q, determined in accordance with 6.2.1, is applied. 7 Radial impact resistanc

33、e test 7.1 Test equipment The equipment striker shall provide the following characteristics: a) the mount on which the wheel is anchored shall have sufficient stiffness and strength; b) a striker of width at least 1,5 times the width of the rim shall be dropped freely to strike the wheel/tyre assemb

34、ly. Examples of the test equipment are shown in Figure 3 a), b) and c). In the case of equipment using a pendulum Figure 3 b), the minimum length of the pendulum arm shall be not less than 800 mm measured from the pivot point to the edge of the striker. Figure 3 c) shows an example of double mass im

35、pact test equipment, where the combined spring constant of two coil springs shall be 3 000 100 N/cm and the stroke between the auxiliary striker weight and the main weight shall be 100 5 mm. Key 1 striker weight 2 quick-release mechanism 3 frame 4 guide 5 dropping height a1,5 rim width. a) Single ma

36、ss Figure 3 Example of radial impact resistance test equipment ISO 8644:2006(E) 6 ISO 2006 All rights reservedKey 1 dropping height b) Pendulum Key 1 quick-release mechanism 5 auxiliary weight 2 main weight 6 coil springs (2 pieces) 3 frame 7 dropping height 4 guide c) Double mass Figure 3 (continue

37、d) ISO 8644:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 7 7.2 Test conditions 7.2.1 Impact load 7.2.1.1 Single mass and pendulum impact resistance test equipment The mass of the striker, M s , shall be within a range of 2 % of the mass determined by the following equation: s Fv MK g = where M sis the mass

38、of the striker, in kilograms, 2 %; Fv is the maximum vertical static load on the wheel or the wheel load rating, in newtons, as specified by the vehicle or wheel manufacturer; g is the gravitational acceleration (9,8 m/s 2 ); K is the coefficient; 1,0 for both front and rear wheels. 7.2.1.2 Double m

39、ass impact resistance test equipment The total mass of two strikers, M d , in kilograms, shall be within a range of 2 % of the mass determined by the following equation: d Fv MK g = where Fv is the maximum vertical static load on the wheel or the wheel load rating, in newtons, as specified by the ve

40、hicle or wheel manufacturer; g is the gravitational acceleration (9,8 m/s 2 ); K is the coefficient; 2,5 for front wheel or 1,5 for rear wheel. The mass of the main striker, m 1 , shall be determined by the following equation: 12 d M mm =+ where M dis the total mass of two strikers, in kilograms, as

41、 determined above; m 1is the mass of the main striker, in kilograms; m 2is the mass of the auxiliary striker including the mass of the springs, which is equal to 40 kg. ISO 8644:2006(E) 8 ISO 2006 All rights reserved7.2.2 Tyre inflation pressure The tyre inflation pressure, P, in kilopascals shall b

42、e within in a range of 10 kPa of the pressure determined by the following equation: 1, 1 5 Pp = where p is the air pressure corresponding to the design maximum load of the tyre to be used in the test, in kilopascals. 7.3 Test procedure Fit the smallest applicable tyre, or the tyre specified by the v

43、ehicle or wheel manufacturer. Then mount the combination on the support according to the method used to attach the wheel to the vehicle. The relative position shall be so determined that at the moment of the impact the speed vector passes through the centre of the wheel (see Figure 3). The impact te

44、st should be applied at the weakest part of the rim. Determine the striker mass in accordance with 7.2.1.1 or 7.2.1.2 and the tyre inflation pressure in accordance with 7.2.2. The striker weight shall be dropped from the following height: a) in the case of the single mass striker and pendulum impact

45、 test equipment: front wheel: 180 mm; rear wheel: 120 mm; b) in the case of the double mass impact test equipment: front/rear: 150 mm. 8 Torsional fatigue test 8.1 Test equipment The test equipment shall permit a torsional moment to be applied between the hub and the rim. Figure 4 shows examples of

46、such equipment. 8.2 Test conditions The torsional moment, T, in newton metres, applied as in 8.3, shall be determined by the following equation: TF vR = where Fv is the maximum vertical static load on the wheel or the wheel load rating, in newtons, as specified by the vehicle or wheel manufacturer;

47、R is the maximum static radius, in metres, of the largest applicable tyre, or the tyre specified by the vehicle or wheel manufacturer. ISO 8644:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 9Key 1 connecting bolt (nut) 2 wheel 3 fastener 4 support 5 loading arm 6 pivot point Key 1 wheel 2 ring 3 support 4 fa

48、stener 5 loading arm 6 pivot point 7 connecting bolt Figure 4 Examples of equipment for torsional fatigue test 8.3 Test procedure Fix the flange of the wheel rim to the support see Figure 4 a) and apply the torsional moment, determined according to 8.2, in to-and-fro directions through the contact f

49、ace of the hub. The length of the loading arm is recommended to be equal to the radius of the tyre determined in accordance with 5.2.1. It is also permissible to fix the wheel to the support through the contact face of the hub and apply the torsional moment to the wheel rim by means of an annular ring rigidly attached to the rim see Figure 4 b). ISO 8644:2006(E) 10 ISO 2006 All rights reserved9 Air leak test 9.1 Test equipment Figure 5 shows an example of test