IEEE C62 33-1982 en Standard Test Specifications for Varistor Surge-Protective Devices《变阻器电涌保护器件试验规范》.pdf

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1、ANSI/IEEE C62.33-1982(IEEE Reaffirmed 1988)(ANSI Reaffirmed 1989)An American National StandardIEEE Standard Test Specifications for Varistor Surge-Protective DevicesSponsorSurge Protective Devices Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyApproved September 17, 1981Reaffirmed March 10, 1988Reaffi

2、rmed March 17, 1994IEEE Standards BoardApproved July 1, 1983Reaffirmed March 10, 1988American National Standards InstituteCopyright 1982 byThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc 345 East 47th street, New York NY 10017, USANo part of this publication may be reproduced in any form

3、in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without priorwritten permission of the publisher.Foreword(This Foreword is not a part of IEEE C62.33-1982, IEEE Standard Test Specifications for Varistor Surge-Protective Devices.)This test specification has been developed for the purpose of testing an

4、d comparing varistor type surge protectivedevices.The varistor device is a surge diverter used for limiting transient overvoltages in power and communications circuits.Two types of material have been used for many years, silicon carbide, primarily in high voltage arresters, and metaloxide varistors.

5、The interest in low voltage varistors has grown with the trend to highly sophisticated electrical and electronic deviceswhich are exposed to surges from the environment. Initially, there were no standard terms or tests to define or comparethese devices. The IEEE Surge Protection Devices Committee fo

6、rmed its Low Voltage Surge Protection DevicesWorking Group in 1970 to define these parameters.Experts were drawn from many fields in communications and power utilities, electronic manufacturers and users, testequipment manufacturers and laboratories, and producers of varistors themselves. The requir

7、ements, experiences andvocabularies of these representatives were melded to produce this document as a guide to potential users of varistorsurge protective devices.At the time this standard was published it was under consideration for approval as an American National Standard. TheAmerican National S

8、tandards Committee C62 Surge Arresters had the following members at the time this documentwas sent to letter ballot.J. Koepfinger, ChairmanOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativeAssociation of American Railroads L. M. Himmel, SrBonneville Power Administration Edward J. YasudaRural Electrific

9、ation Administration E. J. CohenElectric Light and Power R. A. JonesW. R. OssmanVacantJ. P. Markey (Alt)Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers J. KoepfingerD. E. HedmanS. S. Kershaw, JrJ. D. M. PhelpsE. J. Adolphson (Alt)J. J. Keane (Alt)iiiWhen this standard was approved, the membership

10、of the Task Force on Solid-State Protective Devices of the Low-Voltage Surge-Protective Devices Working Group was:R. Odenberg, Chair L. BakerB. BraskichD. W. HutchinsT. F. HockC. J. KawieckiP. RichmanL. D. SweeneyL. WilliamsB. I. WolffG. ZappeOther individuals who contributed reviews and comments ar

11、e:M. FlackG. L. Gaibrois J. L. KoepfingerF. D. Martzloff L. McAfee*E. C. SakshaugP. D. Speranza*Chairman until 1980At the time this standard was approved the membership of the Surge Protective Devices Committee of the IEEE PowerEngineering Society was:G. L. Gaibrois, Chair P. W. Bogner, Vice Chair E

12、. J. Yasuda, Secretary J. J. ArchambaultR. D. BallC. L. BallentineG. A. BarilM. J. BeachyF. G. BergR. G. BlackE. W. BoehneG. D. BreuerJ. J. BurkeE. J. CohenM. FlackR. W. FlugumH. E. FoelkerR. A. FrechE. A. GoodmanC. D. HansellG. S. HaralampuD. E. HedmanD. E. HellicksonJ. A. HetrickA. R. HilemanD. W.

13、 JacksonI. B. JohnsonS. S. KershawJ. L. KoepfingerJ. A. MambucaF. D. MartzloffD. J. MelvoldW. R. OssmanJ. C. OsterhoutM. ParenteJ. D. M. PhelpsS. A. PotocnyP. RichmanE. C. SakshaugNational Electrical Manufacturers Association R. D. BallC. R. ClinkenbeardD. W. LenkJ. OsterhoutE. C. SakshaugA. Sweetan

14、aTelephone Group L. H. Sessler, JrUnderwriters Laboratories E. J. HuberR. W. Seelbach (Alt)Canadian Standards Association D. M. SmithivJ. J. SchleeP. SperanzaE. R. TaylorA. C. WestromA. G. YostWhen the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on September 17, 1981, it had the following membership

15、:Irvin N. Howell, Jr, Chair Irving Kolodny, Vice Chair Sava I. Sherr, Secretary G. Y. R. AllenJ. J. ArchambaultJames H. BeallJohn T. BoettgerEdward ChelottiEdward J. CohenLen S. CoreyJay ForsterKurt GreeneLoering M. JohnsonJohn L. KoepfingerJ. E. MayDonald T. Michael*J. P. RiganatiF. RosaRobert W. S

16、eelbachJay A. StewartW. E. VannahVirginius N. Vaughan, JrArt WallRobert E. Weiler*Member emeritusvCLAUSE PAGE1. Scope.11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 12. A Description of Terms and Letter Symbols Used in Defining Varistors 22.1 Rated Parameter Values . 22.2 Descriptions . 22.3 Basic Descriptions 33. Service Con

17、ditions 53.1 Normal Service Conditions 53.2 Unusual Service Conditions. 64. Standard Design Test Procedure .74.1 Standard Design Test Criteria 74.2 Statistical Procedures . 74.3 Test Conditions 74.4 Clamping Voltage Test(Vc) (See Fig 3) . 74.5 Rated Peak Single Pulse Transient Current Test (Itm) (Se

18、e Fig 4) 84.6 Lifetime Rated Pulse Currents Tests (See Fig 3). 84.7 Rated RMS Voltage Test (Vm(ac) (See Fig 5), Rated DC Voltage Tests (Vm(dc) (See Fig 5). 104.8 DC Standby Current Test (ID) (See Fig 6). 104.9 Nominal Varistor Voltage Test (VN(dc)and VN(ac) (See Fig 6) . 104.10 Rated Recurrent Peak

19、Voltage Test (Vpm) (See Fig 5). . 114.11 Capacitance Test 124.12 AC Standby Power (Pd) (See Fig 7). . 125. Failure Modes .125.1 Short-Circuit Failure Mode 125.2 Degradation Failure Mode . 125.3 High Clamping Voltage Failure Mode. 135.4 “Fail-Safe” Operation 136. Other Parameters.136.1 Rated Transien

20、t Energy 136.2 Rated Transient Average Power Dissipation (Pt(A V)m). . 146.3 Voltage Overshoot (Vos) (See Fig 8) 146.4 Response Time, Overshoot Duration (See Fig 8) 157. Bibliography151An American National StandardIEEE Standard Test Specifications for Varistor Surge-Protective Devices1. Scope1.1 Thi

21、s standard applies to varistors for surge protective applications on systems with dc to 420 Hz frequency andvoltages equal to or less than 1000 V rms, or 1200 V dc. This standard contains definitions, service conditions and aseries of test criteria for determining the electrical characteristics of t

22、hese varistors. If the characteristics differ with thedirection of conduction, then the tests determine characteristics for both polarities. Arresters covered by ANSI/IEEEC62.1-1984 11are excluded from this standard.1.2 The tests in this standard are intended as design tests as defined in ANSI/IEEE

23、Std 100-1984 3 and provide a meansof comparison among various surge-protective devices.1.3 Varistor surge-protective devices are used to provide transient overvoltage protection in electrical circuits. Varistors, asdefined in ANSI/IEEE Std 100-1984 3, are devices exhibiting a nonlinear volt-ampere c

24、haracteristic. Morespecifically, this standard applies to such devices having a monotonic increase in voltage with increasing current flow.Because the impedance of the device decreases with increasing voltage, it provides a relatively low impedance path forsurge voltages and a relatively high impeda

25、nce at normal system voltage, before and after the occurrence of the surge.Test criteria and definitions in this standard provide a common engineering language beneficial to user andmanufacturer of surge-protective varistor devices.1.4 Due to the voltage and energy levels employed in the majority of

26、 tests described herein, all tests should be consideredhazardous and appropriate caution should be taken in their performance.1The numbers in brackets correspond to the standards listed in the Bibliography, Section 7. of this standard.2 Copyright 1982 IEEE All Rights ReservedIEEE C62.33-1982 IEEE ST

27、ANDARD TEST SPECIFICATIONS FOR2. A Description of Terms and Letter Symbols Used in Defining Varistors2.1 Rated Parameter ValuesFor the purpose of this standard, the values of rated parameters are established by the manufacturer, according tostatistical acceptance criteria as indicated in 4.2.2.2 Des

28、criptionsThe descriptions of this section apply to varistors having symmetrical volt-ampere characteristics or asymmetricalvolt-ampere characteristics. If the volt-ampere characteristics are different with the direction of conduction they areasymmetrical and the characteristic values shall be specif

29、ied for each direction. Figure 1 illustrates the relationshipbetween terms on a graph. Some terms are based on impulse response behavior. For the method of defining impulsewaveforms see ANSI/IEEE Std 4-1978 2 and Fig 2 of this standard.Figure 1 Graph Illustrating Symbols and Definitions(a) Linear Co

30、ordinates (not to scale) (b) Logarithmic Coordinates (typical)Copyright 1982 IEEE All Rights Reserved 3VARISTOR SURGE-PROTECTIVE DEVICES IEEE C62.33-1982Figure 2 Impulse Current Waveform2.3 Basic DescriptionsSubsections 2.3.1 through 2.3.6 give descriptions of terms and letter symbols used in defini

31、ng a varistor and are theminimum necessary to characterize the device.4 Copyright 1982 IEEE All Rights ReservedIEEE C62.33-1982 IEEE STANDARD TEST SPECIFICATIONS FORTerm and Description Symbol Reference2.3.1 Clamping Voltage. Peak voltage across the Varistor measured under conditions of a specified

32、peak pulse current and specified waveform. Note: Peak voltage and peak current are not necessarily coincidental in time.Vcsee 4.4 and Fig 32.3.2 Rated Peak Single Pulse Transient Current (Varistor). Maximum peak current which may be ap- plied for a single 8/20 m s impulse, with rated line voltage al

33、so applied, without causing device failure.Itmsee 4.5 and Fig 42.3.3 Lifetime Rated Pulse Currents (Varistor). Derated values of Itmfor impulse durations exceeding that of an 8/20 m s waveshape, and for multiple pulses whichmay be applied over devices rated lifetime. see 4.6 and Fig 32.3.4 Rated RMS

34、 Voltage (Varistor). Maximum con- tinuous sinusoidal rms voltage which may be applied.Vm(ac)see 4.7 and Fig 52.3.5 Rated DC Voltage (Varistor). Maximum continuous dc voltage which may be applied.Vm(dc)see 4.7 and Fig 52.3.6 DC Standby Current (Varistor). Varistor current measured at rated voltage, V

35、m(dc).IDsee 4.8 and Fig 62.4 Additional Descriptions. For certain applications some of the following terms may be useful.2.4.1 Nominal Varistor Voltage. Voltage across the varistor measured at a specified pulsed dc current, IN(dc), of specific duration. IN(dc)is specified by the varistor manufacture

36、r.VN(dc)see 4.9, 5.2 and Fig 62.4.2 Peak Nominal Varistor Voltage. Voltage across the varistor measured at a specified peak ac current, IN(ac), of specific duration. IN(ac)is specified by the varistor manufacturer.VN(ac)see 4.9 and Fig 62.4.3 Rated Recurrent Peak Voltage (Varistor). Maximum recurren

37、t peak voltage which may be applied for a specified duty cycle and waveform.Vpmsee 4.10 and Fig 52.4.4 Rated Single Pulse Transient Energy (Varistor). Energy which may be dissipated for a single impulse of maximum rated current at a specified waveshape, with rated rms voltage or rated dc voltage als

38、o applied, without causing device failure.Wtmby evaluation, see 6.12.4.5 Rated Transient Average Power Dissipation (Varistor). Maximum average power which may be dissipated due to a group of pulses occurring within a specified isolated time period, without causing device failure.Pt(AV)mby evaluation

39、, see 6.22.4.6 Varistor Voltage. Voltage across the varistor measured at a given current, Ix.Vxdefinition only, see Fig 1Copyright 1982 IEEE All Rights Reserved 5VARISTOR SURGE-PROTECTIVE DEVICES IEEE C62.33-19823. Service Conditions3.1 Normal Service ConditionsIn the absence of special requirements

40、, the following items should be specified by the manufacturer as appropriate.Term and Description Symbol Reference2.4.7 Voltage Clamping Ratio (Varistor). A figure of merit measure of the varistor clamping effectiveness as defined by the symbols Vc/Vm(ac), Vc/Vm (dc).by computation shown2.4.8 Nonlin

41、ear Exponent. A measure of varistor nonlinearity between two given operating currents, I1and I2, as described by I = kVawhere k is a device constant, I1 I I2, and a by computation shown2.4.9 Dynamic Impedance (Varistor). A measure of small signal impedance at a given operating point as defined by:Zx

42、by computation shown2.4.10 Resistance (Varistor). Static resistance of the varistor at a given operating point as defined by:Rxby computation shown2.4.11 Capacitance (Varistor). Capacitance between the two terminals of the varistor measured at specified frequency and bias.C see 4.112.4.12 AC Standby

43、 Power (Varistor). Varistor ac power dissipation measured at rated rms voltage Vm(ac).Pdsee 4.12 and Fig 72.4.13 Voltage Overshoot (Varistor). The excess voltage above the clamping voltage of the device for a given current that occurs when current waves of less than 8 m s virtual front duration are

44、applied. This value may be expressed as a % of the clamping voltage (Vc) for an 8/20 m s current wave.Vosdefinition only, see 6.3 and Fig 82.4.14 Response Time (Varistor). The time between the point at which the wave exceeds the clamping voltage level (Vc) and the peak of the voltage overshoot. For

45、the purpose of this definition, clamping voltage is defined with a 8/20 m s current waveform of the same peak current amplitude as the waveform used for this response time.definition only, see 6.4 and Fig 82.4.15 Overshoot Duration (Varistor). The time between the point at which the wave exceeds the

46、 clamping voltage level (Vc) and the point at which the voltage overshoot has decayed to 50% of its peak. For the purpose of this definition, clamping voltage is defined with an 8/20 m s current waveform of the same peak current amplitude as the waveform used for this over-shoot duration.VcVpm-a12I2

47、I1logV2V1log-=ZxdVxdIx-=RxdVxdIx-=6 Copyright 1982 IEEE All Rights ReservedIEEE C62.33-1982 IEEE STANDARD TEST SPECIFICATIONS FOR3.1.1 Environmental Conditions1) Operating and storage temperature ranges2) Altitude or atmospheric pressure range3) Humidity4) Mechanical shock and vibration3.1.2 Varisto

48、r Physical Properties1) Solvent resistance2) Solderability3) Flammability4) Package rupture during overload3.1.3 System Conditions1) Nominal system frequencies2) Maximum continuous system voltage3.1.4 Surge Rating of the Varistor under System Conditions1) Peak single pulse transient current (Itm)2)

49、Lifetime rated pulse currents3) Rated single pulse transient energy (Wtm)4) Rated transient average power dissipation (Pt(AV)m)3.2 Unusual Service ConditionsThe following service conditions may require special consideration in the design or application of varistors and shouldbe called to the attention of the manufacturer.3.2.1 Environmental Conditions1) Ambient temperature exceeding the standard service conditions2) Altitudes exceeding those specified by the manufacturer3) Exposure to:a) Damaging fumes or