IEC TS 62727-2012 Photovoltaic systems - Specifications for solar trackers《光伏系统.太阳追踪器规格》.pdf

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1、 IEC/TS 62727 Edition 1.0 2012-05 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Photovoltaic systems Specifications for solar trackers IEC/TS 62727:2012(E) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2012 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publica

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8、ervice Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csciec.ch. IEC/TS 62727 Edition 1.0 2012-05 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Photovoltaic systems Specifications for solar trackers INTERNATIONA

9、L ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION U ICS 27.160 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-83220-122-0 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside 2 TS 62727 IEC:2012(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 1 Scope

10、and object 7 2 Terms and definitions . 7 2.1 Photovoltaics (PV) . 7 2.2 Concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) 7 2.3 Concentrator module (CPV module) 7 2.4 Concentrator assembly 8 3 Specifications for solar trackers for PV applications 8 3.1 Specification template . 8 4 Tracker definitions and taxonomy .

11、 10 4.1 General . 10 4.2 Payload types 10 4.2.1 Standard photovoltaic (PV) module trackers 10 4.2.2 Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) module trackers . 11 4.3 Rotational axes . 11 4.3.1 Single axis trackers . 11 4.3.2 Dual axis trackers 12 4.4 Actuation and control . 14 4.4.1 Architecture . 14 4.4.2 D

12、rive types 14 4.5 Types of tracker control . 15 4.5.1 Passive control 15 4.5.2 Active control. 15 4.5.3 Backtracking 15 4.6 Structural characteristics . 16 4.6.1 Vertical supports 16 4.6.2 Foundation types . 16 4.6.3 Tracker positions . 17 4.6.4 Stow time 17 4.7 Energy consumption 17 4.7.1 Daily ene

13、rgy consumption 17 4.7.2 Stow energy consumption 18 4.8 External elements and interfaces . 18 4.8.1 Foundation 18 4.8.2 Foundation interface 18 4.8.3 Payload . 18 4.8.4 Payload interface . 18 4.8.5 Payload mechanical interface 18 4.8.6 Payload electrical interface 18 4.8.7 Grounding interface . 18 4

14、.8.8 Installation effort 18 4.8.9 Control interface 19 4.9 Internal tolerances . 19 4.9.1 Primary axis tolerance . 19 4.9.2 Secondary axis tolerance 20 4.10 Tracker system elements . 20 TS 62727 IEC:2012(E) 3 4.10.1 Mechanical structure . 20 4.10.2 Tracker controller 20 4.10.3 Sensors . 20 4.11 Reli

15、ability terminology . 20 4.11.1 Mean time between failures (MTBF) 20 4.11.2 Mean time between critical failures (MTBCF) . 21 4.11.3 Mean time to repair (MTTR) . 21 4.12 Environmental conditions 21 4.12.1 Operating temperature range . 21 4.12.2 Survival temperature range 21 4.12.3 Maximum wind during

16、 operation 21 4.12.4 Maximum wind during stow 21 4.12.5 Snow load . 21 4.13 Functional tests . 22 4.13.1 Static load test 22 4.13.2 Moment testing 22 4.13.3 Limit switch operation 22 4.13.4 Manual operation . 22 5 Tracker accuracy characterization 22 5.1 Overview . 22 5.2 Pointing error (instantaneo

17、us) . 22 5.3 Measurement 23 5.3.1 Overview . 23 5.3.2 Example of experimental method to measure pointing error . 23 5.3.3 Calibration of pointing error measurement tool 24 5.4 Calculation of tracker accuracy 24 5.4.1 Overview . 24 5.4.2 Data collection . 25 5.4.3 Data binning by wind speed . 25 5.4.

18、4 Data filtering 26 5.4.5 Data quantity . 26 5.4.6 Accuracy calculations 26 6 Mechanical characterization . 27 6.1 General . 27 6.2 Backlash . 27 6.3 Stiffness 27 7 Reliability testing 28 7.1 Corrosion 28 7.2 Component durability. 28 7.3 Extreme conditions tests . 28 8 Additional optional accuracy c

19、alculations 28 8.1 Typical tracking accuracy range 28 8.2 Tracking error histogram . 29 8.3 Percent of available irradiance as a function of pointing error 29 Figure 1 = Altitude angle = 0 (zenith angle = 90) occurs when a vector normal to the module face is pointing to the horizon. Altitude angle =

20、 90 (zenith angle = 0) occurs when the module is facing the sky . 13 Figure 2 Illustration of primary axis tolerance for a polar tracking axis . 19 4 TS 62727 IEC:2012(E) Figure 3 General illustration of pointing error . 23 Figure 4 Two flat parallel plates at a specified distance, one having a pin

21、hole for sunlight to be tracked on specified-diameter circles that ultimately measure 0,1, 0,2, and 0,3 accuracy rings (more if necessary) . 24 Figure 5 Pointing error frequency distribution for the entire test period . 29 Figure 6 Available irradiance as a function of pointing error . 30 Figure 7 A

22、vailable irradiance as a function of pointing error with binning by wind speed . 30 Table 1 Tracker specification template . 8 Table 2 Alternate tracking accuracy reporting template 27 TS 62727 IEC:2012(E) 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS SPECIFICATIONS FOR SOLAR TR

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34、al committee may propose the publication of a technical specification when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts, or the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the future but n

35、o immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard. Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. IEC 62727, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC techn

36、ical committee 82: Solar photovoltaic energy systems. 6 TS 62727 IEC:2012(E) The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 82/651/DTS 82/711/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found

37、 in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/websto

38、re.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be transformed into an International standard, reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour

39、 inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. TS 62727 IEC:2012(E) 7 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS SPECIFICATIONS FOR SOL

40、AR TRACKERS 1 Scope and object This technical specification provides guidelines for the parameters to be specified for solar trackers for photovoltaic systems and provides recommendations for measurement techniques. No attempt is made to determine pass/fail criteria for trackers. The purpose of this

41、 test specification is to define the performance characteristics of trackers and describe the methods to calculate and/or measure critical parameters. This specification provides industry-wide definitions and parameters for solar trackers. Each vendor can design, build, and specify the functionality

42、 and accuracy with uniform definition. This allows consistency in specifying the requirements for purchasing, comparing the products from different vendors, and verifying the quality of the products. In addition, this specification will clarify terminology and definitions for trackers and provide ex

43、amples of measurement techniques. This technical specification will be a foundation for other standards to follow, including (but not limited to) design qualification and reliability. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. For additional

44、 tracker-specific terminology, see Clause 5. 2.1 photovoltaics PV devices that use solar radiation to generate electrical energy 2.2 concentrating photovoltaics CPV devices that focus magnified sunlight on photovoltaics to generate electrical energy. The sunlight could be magnified by various differ

45、ent methods, such as reflective or refractive optics, in dish, trough, lens, or other configurations. 2.3 concentrator module CPV module a group of receivers (PV cells mounted in some way), optics, and other related components, such as interconnections and mechanical enclosures, integrated together

46、into a modular package. The module is typically assembled in a factory and shipped to an installation site to be installed along with other modules on a solar tracker. Note 1 to entry: A CPV module typically does not have a field-adjustable focus point. In addition, a module could be made of several

47、 sub-modules. The sub-module is a smaller, modular portion of the full-size module, which might be assembled into the full module either in a factory or in the field. 8 TS 62727 IEC:2012(E) 2.4 concentrator assembly a concentrator assembly consists of receivers, optics, and other related components

48、that have a field-adjustable focus point and are typically assembled and aligned in field EXAMPLE: A system that combines a single large dish with a receiver unit which must be aligned with the focal point of the disk. Note 1 to entry: This term is used to differentiate certain CPV designs from the

49、CPV modules mentioned above. 3 Specifications for solar trackers for PV applications a) Specification template All trackers complying with this specification should provide, as part of their product marking and documentation, a table in the form specified below (see Table 1). See later clauses and subclauses of this Technical Specification for further explanation of individual specifications. Some of the specifications within the table are optional; however, if a tracker man