IEC 60050-801-1994 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 801 Acoustics and electroacoustics《国际电工词汇 第801章 声学和电声学》.pdf

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1、NORME CE1 INTERNATIONALE I EC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD MEXAYHAPOAHbIn CTAHAAPT 50(801) Deuxime dition Second edition 1994-07 Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International Chapitre 801 : Acoustique et lectroacoustique International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 801 : Acoustics and electroacoustics N

2、umro de rfrence Reference number CEMEC 50(801): 1994 NORME I NTE RN AT I ON ALE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD MEXAYHAPOAHbIn CTAHDAPT CE1 IEC 50(801) Deuxime dition Second edition 1994-07 Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International Chapitre 801: Acoustique et lectroacoustique International Electrotech nical

3、 Vocabulary Chapter 801 : Acoustics and e I ectroacoustics 0 CE1 1994 Droits de reproduction rservs - Copyright - all rights reserved Aucune partie de ite publication ne peut tre rqroduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que soit et par aucun procd. lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photo- qie et

4、les microfilms, cans Iaccord cnt de Iditeur. No part of this publication way be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means. eledronic or medianical. including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. 3maeTC Sa ntiCbMWEOr0 pa3mZfl K3LlaTeSI BOCnpoa3EJT9eMi

5、e rUm KOUEpBaEEe 3Tz: I 2i (VE1 801)(BC) 160 304 I Les rapports de vote indiqus dans le tableau ci-dessus donnent toute information sur le vote ayant abouti lapprobation de cette norme -VI- 50(801) 0 CE11994 Six Months Rule INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION Reports on voting INTERNATIONAL EL

6、ECTROTECHNICAL VOCABULARY Six Months Rule CHAPTER 801: ACOUSTICS AND ELECTRO-ACOUSTICS Reports on voting FOREWORD (IEv 269 146 (IEV 801)(cO) 298 156 29 29 1) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by technical committees on which all the National Committees havi

7、ng a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with. 2) They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense. 1288 29 (IEV SOl)(CO) 151 1

8、304 29 (IEV SOl)(CO) 160 3) In order to promote international unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Committees should adopt the text of the IEC recommendation for their national rules in so far as national conditions will permit. Any divergence between the IEC recommendation and

9、the corresponding national rules should, as far as possible, be clearly indicated in the latter. (IEv 269 146 (IEV 801)(cO) 298 156 29 29 This standard has been prepared by working group 15 of IEC technical committee 29: Electroacoustics, under the responsibility of IEC technical committee 1: Termin

10、ology. The text of this standard replaces the first edition of IEC 50(801) (1984): Acoustics and electro-acoustics. 1288 29 (IEV SOl)(CO) 151 1 304 29 (IEV SOl)(CO) 160 The text of this standard is based on the following documents: Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can

11、 be found in the voting reports indicated in the above table. 50(801) 0 IEC: 1994 -VII- MEXJfYHAPOJ(HA5I 3JlEKTPOTEXHk3YECKA5I KOMMCCMS MEXaYHAPOflHbIfi 3JIEKTPOTEXHkIYECKkIkI CJIOBAPb TJIABA 801: AICYCTEIKA Ei 3JEKTPOAKYCTHKA IIPEAEICJIOBEIE 1) OKgHlJGHbIe pemeHER EJIA COrJrameHER M3K II0 TeXHEYeCK

12、EM BOUpOCaM, IOAOTOBIEHHble TeXHEYWKEME KOMETeTaME, B KOTOPHX IIpeACTaBJIeHbI BCe 3aRHTepeCOBaHHbIe HaqEOHJIHbIe KOMETeTbI, BbIpaXWT, II0 B03MOXHOCTE TOIHO, MeXQ“POAHji0 TOYKJ 3peHE B AaHHOP OJICTE. 3) B IV3JUIX COAeCTBE MeXAJHapOO JHEICaHH M3K BbIpamaeT IIomeJIaHEe, 061 BCe HOHJIHbIe KOMETeTbI IIPE

13、HJIA 3 OCHOBY CBOEX OCyAapcTBeHHbIX CJiAapTOB peKoMeHnamiE M3K, HCKOJIbRO 3TO AOIiyCKWT YCJIOBEX AaHHO CTpaHbI. JIm6e pacxo)IcAeHm, KOTOpbIe MOQT EMeTb MWO Mew) PeKOMeHAaIiEME M3K E COOTBeTCBJIoIiIBME HiIEO”bHbIME CTamapTaMH, AOJlXHbI GLIT, HaCKOJIbKO 3T0 BO3MOWH0, YIIOMHYTbI B IIOCJEAHEX. HacToxIuH

14、B MeXAyHap0rS;HbIG CTHflapT IIOfiOTOBJIeH pa6onnofi 15, TeXHWIeCKOO KOMHTeTa M3K 29: 3JIeKTpOaKyCTHKa HOA PYKOBOACTBOM TeXHHYeCKOO KOMHTeTa M3K 1: (1984): AKYCTiIKa ti - VIII - - Page blanche - - Blank page - - HIIOJIHHHX cTpaHma - 50(801) O CE11994 50(801) O IEC:1994 -1- 801 -21 -01 801-21-02 801 -

15、21 -03 801-21 -04 CHAPITRE 801: ACOUSTIQUE ET LECTROACOUSTIQUE CHAPTER 801: ACOUSTICS AND ELECTROACOUSTICS TJIABA 801: AKYCTMICA ET 3JIEKTPOAKYCTkIKA SECTION 801-21 - TERMES GNRAUX SECTION 801-21 - GENERAL TERMS PA3AEJI 801-21 - OSlJ3E TEPMMHM oscillation acoustique vibration acoustique Mouvement de

16、s particules dun milieu lastique de part et dautre dune position dquilibre. acoustic oscillation acoustic vibration sound Movement of particles in an elastic medium about an equilibrium position. atcycycrssectcoe oneatue ii6paqs 3BYK ABEXeHEe 9aCTEQ yrIpyrOi% CpemI OKOJIO IIOJIoWemR paBHOBeCER. son

17、son (audible) a) Vibration acoustique capable dveiller une sensation auditive. b) Sensation auditive engendre par une oscillation acoustique OU une vibra tion. audible sound a) Acoustic oscillation of such character as to be capable of exciting a b) Sensation of hearing excited by an acoustic oscill

18、ation or vibration. sensation of hearing. CJIbiuiHMbI 3BYK a) AKyCTEqeCKOe KOJI oscilacin vibrazione acustica geluid(s) trilling drganie akustyczne akustisk svngning acstica Hrschall sonido hoorbaar geluid; geluid dfwlgk ljud suono Infraschall infrasonido infrasuono infrageluid infradhviek infraljud

19、 Ultraschall ultrasonido u1 t rasuono ultrageluid ultradhviek ultraljud -2- SO(801) O CE11994 801 -21-05 801-21-06 801-21-07 801-21-08 801-21-09 son pur Vibration acoustique sinusodale. pure sound pure tone Sinusoidal acoustic oscillation. YHCTbfi 3ByK YHCTbIfi TOE CHHYCOHAaiIbHOe aKyCTHYeCKOe KOJIe

20、6aHHe. son complexe Son qui nest pas une vibration simple. complex sound Sound that is not a simple oscillation. CJIOXHbl 3BYK 3BYK, He XBJMIOIUHCX YHCTbIM TOHOM. son ulul Son dont la frquence varie priodiquement autour dune valeur moyenne. warble tone Sound whose frequency varies periodically about

21、 a mean value. BOEOUlHfi TOA 3BYK, YaCTOTa KOTOpOO IIepHOAHYeCKH FBMeHeTCJl OKOJIO CpeDWO 3HaYeHHR. bruit a) Vibration erratique ou statistiquement alatoire. b) Son ou toute autre perturbation acoustique dsagrable ou indsirable. noise a) Erratic or statistically random oscillation. b) Disagreeable o

22、r undesired sound or other disturbance. uiym a) HeycTotnHBoe EJH CTaTHCTEYeCKH CJIyYaHOe one6ae. 6) HeIIpHRTHbI HJIH HeXeJIaTeJIbHbI 3BYK, BJIH np)TOe BO3MyIUeHHe bruit alatoire Oscillation due lensemble dun grand nombre de perturbations l- mentaires se produisant des instants alatoires. random nois

23、e Oscillation due to the aggregate of a large number of elementary disturbances with random occurrence in time. CJIp36HbIfi UiJh KoneGae, Bbi3BHHOe COBOKHOCTbrO 6011,moro qECJIa 3JIeMeHTpHbIX B03MYIIleHHg CO CJIyYaHbIM CJIeAOBaHHeM BO BpeMeHH. Dpu,ueualiue. - MHOBeHHbIe HUHHII crryraiiHoro myMa OIIp

24、eAeJIflIoTCX TOJIbKO BpORTHOCTHblMH YHKWffMH PaC- IIpeAeJIeHH, BbIpXaIOIIIHMH AOJIrO o6rnero BpeMeHH, COOT- BeTCTByIoIQyrO IIOIIAHHIO 3TO0 MHOBeHHOO 3HWHHX HJiE HeKOTOPOg IiOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOCTH 3HaYeHH B OIIpeAeneHHbI iIpeAeJl. reiner Ton; sinusfrmiger Schall sonido puro suono puro enkelvoudige toon

25、dfwigk prosty; ton ren ton komplexer Schall sonido compuesto suono complesso samengesteide toon dwigk zioiony sammansatt Uud; sammansatt ton Wobbelton sonido ululado suono ululato wobbeltoon; janktoon dfwigk wibrujqcy; ton wibrujqcy svajton Gerusch; Lrm ruido rumore ruis; lawaai szum; halas strljud;

26、 brus; buller Rauschen ruido errtico; ruido aleatorio rumore casuale ruis szum losowy; halas losowy slumpbrus 50(801) O IEC:1994 -3- 801 -21-10 bruit blanc Bruit dont la densit spectrale de puissance est essentiellement pendante de la frquence. white noise 801 -21 -1 1 80 1-21 -12 801 -21 -13 801-21

27、-14 ind- Noise whose power spectral density is essentially independent of frequency. 6en myM myM, CIIeKTpaJibH IUiOTHOCTb 3BYKOBOO AaBJIeHH KOTOpOO He 3BECET OT 9aCTOTbI. bruit rose Bruit dont la densit spectrale de puissance est inversement propor- tionnelle la frquence. pink noise Noise whose powe

28、r spectral density is inversely proportional to frequency. POSOBM WYM mYM, CiIeKTpaJIHa ILTIOTHOCTb 3BYKOBOO AaBJIeHE KOTOpOrO 06pao rrponopwoHaJibHa 9acToTe. bruit ambiant Bruit global qui, dans un lieu donn, rsulte gnralement de la compo- sition de sons provenant de plusieurs sources, proches ou l

29、ointaines. ambient noise Encompassing sound, at a given place, being usually a composite of sounds from many sources near and far. O#pyXaOl4El UIYM CYMMapHbI suono bianco Witte ruis szum bialy vitt strljud; vitt brus rosa Rauschen ruido rosa rumore rosa; suono rosa rose ruis szum riowy skrt brus Umg

30、e bungsgerusch ruido ambiental rumore ambiente omgevingsruis; omgevingslawaai haas otoczenia omgivningsbuller Eigengerusch ruido de fondo rumore di fondo achtergrondruis szum tla bakgrundsbrus Nachhall reverberacin river berazione nagalm efterklang poglos -4- 50(801) O CE11994 Schallspektrum soectre

31、 acoustiaue 801-21-15 80 1-21 - 16 801-21-17 801 -21 - 18 801-21-19 801-21-20 -r espectro achtico spettro geluid(s)spectrum Reprsentation des amplitudes (et parfois des phases) des composantes dun son complexe en fonction de la frquence. sound spectrum widmo akustyczne Representation of the magnitud

32、es (and sometimes of the phases) of the ljudspektrum components of a complex sound as a function of frequency. cnemp SBYK npeACTaBJIeHHe aMnJIETyA (a EHOLW H ($a) C0CTaBJIIIH)IUEX CJIOXHOO 3ByKa B l$YHKlIEH YCTOTbI. spectre de raies Spectre acoustique ne comportant que des composantes discrtes. line

33、 spectrum Sound spectrum containing only discrete frequency components. saHesam1 cnetc-rp CIIeKTP 3ByKa, COAepXaLUE TOJbKO nECKpeTwIe YaCTOTHbIe C0CTaBJIIIH)IIlEe. spectre continu Spectre acoustique dont les composantes sont rparties de manire continue dans une bande de frquence dtermine. Linienspek

34、trum espectro de rayas spettro a righe lijnenspectrum widmo prq2kowe linjespektrum kontinuierliches Spektrum espectro continuo spettro continuo continu spectrum continuous spectrum widmo cGgle Sound spectrum whose components are continuously distributed over a kontinuerligt Spektrum given frequency

35、range. menpeprasaraii c,nenTp pressione geluid(s)druk wartoit skuteczna cihienia akustycznego; cihienie a kus tyczne sonora ljudtryck 50(801) O IEC:1994 -5- 801 -21-21 801 -21 -22 801 -21-23 pression acoustique de crte Valeur absolue maximale de la pression acoustique instantane pendant un intervall

36、e de temps donn. peak sound pressure Greatest absolute instantaneous sound pressure during a given time interval. nmoBoe BKOBO nameaee Haa6onbmee 3HaqeHHe MHOBeHHOO 3BYKOBOO naBJIeHE B AaHHOM HHTepBJE BpeMeHE. pression acoustique de rfrence Pression acoustique, conventionnellement choisie, gale 20 p

37、Pa pour les milieux gazeux et 1 pPa pour les milieux solides et liquides. reference sound pressure Sound pressure, conventionally chosen, equal to 20 pPa for gases and to 1 pPa for liquids and solids. onopeoe 3yosoe nasneaee 3ByKOBOe aaBJEHEe, yCJIOBH0 BbI6paHHOe PaBHbIM 20 Mfla AJW a30B H 1 MKna IJ

38、W XCEnKOCTe E TBepAbIX Ten. exposition au bruit Intgration en fonction du temps du carr de la pression acoustique instantane pondre suivant la pondration frquentielle A, pendant un intervalle de temps ou un vnement spcifis, tel que le survol dun aronef. La pondration frquentielle peut tre diffrente

39、de la pond- ration A, sil en est ainsi spcifi. Notes. 1. - La dure dintgration est implicitement comprise dans lintgrale et il nest pas ncessaire de la mentionner explicitement. 2. le le - Lunit dexposition au bruit est le pascal carr-seconde (Pa%), si temps est exprim en secondes ; le pascal carr-k

40、iloseconde (Pazks), si temps est exprim en kilosecondes ; le pascal carr-heure (Pazh), si le temps est exprim en heures. sound exposure Time integral of squared, instantaneous A-frequency-weighted sound pressure over a stated time interval or event, such as an aircraft flyover. The frequency weighti

41、ng may be other than A, if so specified. Notes. 1. - Duration of integration is implicitly included in the integral, and need not be reported explicitly. 2. -The unit of sound exposure is the pascal-squared second (Pa%), if time is in seconds ; the pascal-squared kilosecond (Pazks), if time is in ki

42、loseconds ; the pascal-squared hour (Pazh), if time is in hours. 3ByICOBa 3KC03NIlAR BpeMemoi-i HHTeQaJI OT KBaApaTa MHOBeHHOO 3BYKOBOO ABJIeHE C YSLCTOTHO KOppeKLIFfe& II0 KPEBOfi A 3a yCTHOBJieHHbIe IIpOMeXyTOK BpeMeHE EJIH COMTE, TaKOe KaK IIOJIeT CMOJETa. %CTOTHa KOppeKLIH MOXeT 6bITb OTJIEqHO O

43、T A, eCJIH 3TO OOBOpeHO. IIpumeicanm. 1. - npOnOJIXETeJlbHOCTb EHTepHpOBHH 6e3yCnOBHO BKJIJOYeTCII B EHTepaJl E He HyXAaeTC B TOYHOM yKa3aHEE. 2. - EnEHEse 3BYKOBO 3KCII03E4EE XBJIeTC IlCKJIb B KBApaTe Ha CeKyHAy (na2C), eCJiE BpeM B CeKyHnaX, IIaCKaTlb B KBaLlpaTe Ha KFUIOCeKyHAy, eCJE BpeM B KEJlO

44、CeKyHAaX, IICKJIb B KBanpaTe Ha qac (IIaZY), ecm BpeM B qacax. Spitzenschalldruck presin acstica de cresta pressione acustica di picco topwaarde van de geluid(s)druk wart066 szczytowa cihienia toppvrde av pljudtryck a kustycznego Bezugssc halldruck presin acstica de referencia pressione acustica di riferimento vergelij kingsdruk cihienie akustyczne odniesienia referensljudtryck . exposicin al ruido esposizione al rumore blootstelling aan geluid narakenie szumowe ljud exponering