天津市部分区2019届高三英语下学期质量调查试卷（一）（含解析）.doc

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1、1天津市部分区 2019 年高三质量调查试卷（一）英语试卷温馨提示：使用答题卡的区，学生作答时请将答案写在答题卡上；不使用答题卡的区，学生作答时请将答案写在试卷上。本试卷分为第卷（选择题）和第卷（非选择题）两部分，共 130 分，考试用时 100 分钟。答卷前，考试务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考试务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。祝各位考生考试顺利！第卷（95 分）注意事项：1.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。2.本卷共 55

2、 小题，共 95 分。第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节：单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例：Stand over there _ youll be able to see it better.A. or B. and C. but D. while答案是 B。1.Hi, Tom! I got a chance to be an exchange student in Harvard University._! I had been expecting to study there.A.

3、 Lucky you B. Have funC. Take it easy D. Forget it【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查交际用语。句意：Hi，Tom！我得到了一个去哈佛大学做交换生的机会。你太幸运了！我一直盼望去那里学习。A. Lucky you 你太幸运了！B. Have fun 玩得开心；C. Take it easy 别担心； D. Forget it 算了吧！没关系。根据后文可知，后者认2为前者非常幸运有这样的机会。故 A 项正确。2.He liked the lovely dog so much that he _ his book and played with it i

4、mmediately.A. gave off B. set asideC. took over D. turned down【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他如此喜欢这只可爱的小狗，以至于他立刻把书放在一边和小狗一起玩耍了。A. give off 散发；发出；B. set aside 放在一边；C. take over 接管；D. turn down 调低；拒绝。根据语境可知，应该使用 set aside 表示他把书放在一边，与小狗玩耍了。故 B 项正确。3.Im sorry you have been waiting so long, but it will still b

5、e some time _ you can get your passport.A. since B. tillC. after D. before【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查连词。句意：真是对不起让你等了这么久，可还要一段时间以后你才能够拿到你的护照。A. since 自从；既然；B. till 直到才；C. after 在之后；D. before 在之前。固定句型“It be+一段时间+before 从句”表示“一段时间以后某事才发生” 。本句考查的正是这个句型。故 D 项正确。4.As a teacher, you have to _ your method to suit the n

6、eeds of slower children.A. display B. testC. adjust D. transfer【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名教师，你不得不调整你的方法来适应那些接受知识速度较慢的儿童的需要。A. display 展示；显示；B. test 测试；检测；C. adjust调整；D. transfer 转移；迁移。根据后文 suit the needs of slower children 可推知，3应该是调整方法来适应，故 C 项正确。5.In 2012, Sun Yang became the first Chinese man _

7、an Olympic gold medal in swimming.A. winning B. to winC. having won D. being won【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查不定式作定语。句意：在 2012 年，孙杨成为第一个获得奥运会游泳比赛金牌的中国男运动员。当名词前面有序数词修饰或被修饰的词就是序数词的时候，通常要用不定式作定语。如 the first to come and the last to leave，本句中 Chinese man 前面有序数词 the first 修饰，所以后面要用不定式作定语。故 B 项正确。6.Its _ for people to bl

8、ame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life.A. reasonable B. availableC. accurate D. cautious【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们责备交通堵塞、汽油成本和现代生活的快节奏是合理的。A. reasonable 合理的；符合情理的；B. available 可获得的；C. accurate准确的；精确的；D. cautious 谨慎的。根据语境可知，A 项正确。7.In the past few years, weve seen work

9、s by Chinese sci-fi writers winning international _.A. conclusion B. standardC. potential D. recognition【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去几年里，我们已经见证了中国科幻作家的作品已经赢得了国际认可。A. conclusion 结论；B. standard 标准；C. potential 潜力，潜能；D. recognition 认可，承认。根据语境，故 D 项正确。8._ is important in study is diligence rather than in

10、telligence.4A. Which B. WhatC. Who D. When【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查主语从句连词。句意：学习中重要的是勤奋而不是智力。本句中 what 指代事物引导主语从句，并在句中充当主语。选项中 when 属于连接副词，不能在句中作主语；连接代词 who 指人；which 通常指特定范围之内的人或物，而本句并没有范围限制。故 B 项正确。【点睛】本题考查了 what 引导主语从句的用法。what 引导的名词性从句是名词性从句中较难理解和掌握的一类，其用法复杂，翻译灵活，往往是同学们学习的难点。从句法上讲，这类从句往往可以转换成“名词+定语从句”的形式，在翻译时

11、通常可表达为“的人或东西” 、 “的数目或数量” 、 “的时间或地方”等。一、表示“的东西” ，相当于“the thing(things) that.” 。如:1. What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.对我们来说总所周知的一件事情就是 2008 年奥运会将在中国北京举行。2. People in Chongqing are proud of what they have achieved in the past ten years.重庆人对他们在过去十年来所取得的成就

12、而感到自豪。3. One of the most important questions they had to consider was what of public health. 他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。二、表示“的人” ，相当于“the person that.“如:1. What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.她告诉我，对她最重要的人是她的家人。2. He is not what he was a few years ago.他不是几年前的那个样子了。3. Who is it that h

13、as made Fred what he is now?是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的?三、表示“的数量或数目” ，相当于the amount(number ) that.“。如:51. Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收人是 10 年前的两倍。2. The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.现在我校学生的数量是解放前的 10 倍。四、表示“的时间” ，相当于“the time that.

14、。如:1. After what seemed a very long time，I opened my eyes and found myself in bed.似乎过了很长一段时间，我才睁开眼睛，发现自己躺在床上。2. The young girl was too frightened to speak，standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩吓得不敢说活，在那儿似乎站了几个小时。五、表示“的地方” ，相当于“the place that.“。如:1. This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称

15、为盐湖城的地方。2. In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492 年，哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。注有时 what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词。如:You may bring what photos you like.你可以把你喜欢的照片都带来。He spent what little money he had on books.他把仅有的一点钱都花在买书上了。以下各例中的 what 表示“什么” ，由它引导的名词性从句与以上各从句有所不同:Tell me what he does.告诉我他是干什么的。We do

16、nt know what his name is.我们不知道他叫什么名字。I asked him what clothes I should wear.我问他我该穿什么衣服。9.The famous book Frankenstein, _ by British novelist Mary Shelley, is the first work of science fiction.A. writing B. having writtenC. written D. was written【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查过去分词。句意：由英国小说家 Mary Shelley 所著的著名小说6Fran

17、kenstein 是第一部科幻小说。句中 the famous book Frankenstein 与动词 write 构成被动关系，要用过去分词短语 written by British novelist Mary Shelley 做定语，相当于定语从句 which was written by British novelist Mary Shelley。故 C 项正确。10.It was when she first arrived in China _ she developed a passion for paper-cutting.A. where B. thatC. how D.

18、why【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查强调句型。句意：就是在她第一次来到中国的时候，她喜欢上了剪纸艺术。本句是一个强调句型，强调时间状语从句 when she first arrived in China。强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分；如果被强调成分是人，可以用 that/who；如果被强调成分不是人，使用 that；本句强调时间状语从句，所以要用that 引导。故 B 项正确。11.Once he makes up his mind to do something, seldom _ give it up.A. he will B. does

19、 heC. would he D. will he【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查部分倒装及时态。句意：一旦他下定决心做某件事情，就很少会放弃。当否定词或半否定词放在句首的时候，要把助动词/系动词/情态动词提前构成部分倒装。本句中半否定词 seldom 放在句首，要把情态动词 will 提前构成部分倒装，同时本题中 once 引导的是条件状语从句，用一般现在时代替将来时，主句要使用将来时。BC 两项中的时态错误，故 D 项正确。12.As is expected, AI is an area _ China may appear as a leading force.A. that B. whe

20、reC. which D. when【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如所预料的那样，人工智能是一个中国可能成为领先者7的领域。本题定语从句的先行词是 an area，定语从句 China may appear as a leading force 的结构很完整，应该使用关系副词引导，排除 AC 项；关系副词 when 指代的先行词通常指时间，本句中 an area 指“领域” ，表示抽象含义，所以使用关系副词 where 表示“在领域”的抽象含义。故 B 项正确。13.There is no doubt that climate all over the world _ gre

21、atly in recent years.A. had changed B. is changingC. changed D. has been changing【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：毫无疑问，最近几年全球气候一直在剧烈变化。本句的时间状语 in recent years 通常与现在完成时连用，表示一段时间以来一直发生的事情，ABC 三项都不是现在完成时。现在完成进行时强调从过去开始发生的事情一直延续到现在，与语境相符，故选 D 项。14.Starting a conversation is a good way to kill time on the train._. I

22、 also like to talk with strangers.A. That is true B. It sounds like funC. I dont think so D. You are kidding【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：在火车上与别人谈话是一个消磨时间的好方法。说得对。我也喜欢和陌生人交谈。A. That is true 说得对；B. It sounds like fun 听起来很有趣；C. I dont think so 我不这么认为；D. You are kidding 开玩笑。根据后一句 I also like to talk with stra

23、ngers.可知，两者意见一致，所以 A 项符合语境。故选 A 项。15.If the weather had been better, we _ a picnic yesterday.A. must have had B. would haveC. could have had D. will have【答案】C【解析】8【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果昨天的天气再好一点，我们本可以去野餐的。根据yesterday 可知，本句表示与过去事实相反，主句部分要使用“情态动词+have done”表示对过去情况的虚拟，排除 BD 项，A 项“must have done”通常表示对过去发生事情有把

24、握的肯定推测，不符语境。故 C 项正确。第二节：完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 16-35 各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Steve, a 12-year-old boy, has been failing since first grade. He generally went _16_ . until he joined Miss Whites class.“You all did pretty well,” she told the _17_ as she went over the test res

25、ults, “_18_ one boy, and it breaks my heart to tell you this, but .” She hesitated, looking at Steve. “The _19_ boy in the seventh grade is failing my class.” Steve _20_ his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips.After that, Steve refused to do his _21_. Miss white was very _22_ and tried to enc

26、ourage him to study. “Give yourself a(n) _23_! Dont give up on your life!” Miss White told him, yet it didnt _24_.Then one day, she said, “Steve! Please! I care about you!”_25_, Steve got it. Someone cared about him.He spent the whole afternoon thinking about what he should do. Arriving at his house

27、 after school, feeling determined, he headed to his bedroom to _26_.Monday morning, Miss White gave a _27_ on the weekend homework. Steve _28_ through the test, and was the first to hand in his paper. Miss White looked it over in total _29_. The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just _30_ his fi

28、rst test.From that moment, nothing was the same for Steve. He discovered that not only could he learn, but he was _31_ it.After high school, Steve joined the Nave. During his naval career, he _32_ many young people who might not have believed in themselves to build 9up confidence.Miss White saved on

29、e boy who _33_ changing many lives.You see, its simple, really. A(n) _34_ can take place within the heart of one boy, all because of one teacher, who _35_.16. A. unchallenged B. unaccompanied C. unnoticed D. unpunished17. A. class B. staff C. colleagues D. parents18. A. besides B. except C. instead

30、of D. regardless of19. A. laziest B. richest C. happiest D. smartest20. A. opened B. closed C. raised D. dropped21. A. research B. homework C. housework D. report22. A. impressed B. surprised C. anxious D. embarrassed23. A. chance B. excuse C. praise D. reward24. A. stop B. work C. matter D. happen2

31、5. A. Luckily B. Gradually C. Naturally D. Suddenly26. A. study B. sleep C. cry D. play27. A. question B. lesson C. quiz D. result28. A. hurried B. lived C. broke D. saw29. A. victory B. shock C. sadness D. anger30. A. attended B. designed C. passed D. failed31. A. ready for B. responsible for C. ti

32、red of D. good at32. A. forced B. discouraged C. met D. inspired1033. A. put up B. gave up C. ended up D. took up34. A. problem B. change C. recovery D. improvement35. A. cares B. believes C. understands D. remembers【答案】16. C 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. D 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. A 29

33、. B 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。怀特小姐对她的其中一位学生 Steve 的关心让他发生了巨大的改变，让他从一个考试不及格的学生变成了一个擅长学习并且后来鼓励他人对自己有信心的人。【16 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. unchallenged 无挑战的；B. unaccompanied 无伴侣的；C. unnoticed 不被注意的，被忽视的；D. unpunished 未被惩罚的。12 岁的男孩 Steve 自一年级以来考试一直不及格。直到他进入怀特小姐的班级，他一直都被人忽视。Steve 表现一直不好，所以被人忽

34、视。故 C 项正确。【17 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. class 班级；全班学生；B. staff 职员；C. colleagues 同事；D. parents 父母。本句是怀特小姐在考试结束以后对全班学生所说的话“除了一个男孩之外，你们所有人都表现很好” 。故 A 项正确。【18 题详解】考查介词及介词短语辨析。A. besides 除之外（包括在内） ；B. except 除之外（不包括在内） ；C. instead of 代替，而不是；D. regardless of 不管。怀特小姐在考试结束以后对全班学生说“除了一个男孩之外，你们所有人都表现很好” 。Steve 表现不好，并没有被包

35、括在内，应该使用 except，故 B 项正确。【19 题详解】考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. laziest 最懒惰的；B. richest 最富有的；C. happiest 最幸福的；D. smartest 最聪明的。根据 15 空所在句“The smartest boy in 11the seventh grade had just _15_ his first test.”可知，怀特小姐认为 Steve 是最聪明的男孩。故 D 项正确。【20 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. opened 打开；B. closed 关闭；C. raised 提高；抚育；D. dropped 下降；掉下。听

36、到老师说的话，Steve 低下了头。D 项符合语境。故 D 项正确。【21 题详解】考查名词辨析及常识。A. research 研究；B. homework 家庭作业；C. housework 家务；D. report 报告。自那以后，Steve 拒绝做家庭作业。根据常识可知，7 年级的孩子通常不会搞研究、写报告；学生被老师批评以后，不写作业是正常反应。故 B 项正确。【22 题详解】考查形容词辨析及常识。A. impressed 印象深刻的；B. surprised 惊讶的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. embarrassed 尴尬的。当学生不做作业的时候，老师通常都很焦虑着急。故 C项

37、正确。【23 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. chance 机会，可能性；B. excuse 借口；C. praise 表扬；D. reward奖励。本句是怀特小姐鼓励 Steve 所说的话“给你自己一个机会，不要放弃生活” ，故 A 项正确。【24 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. stop 停止；B. work 工作；起作用；C. matter 重要，有关系；D. happen 发生；碰巧。怀特小姐鼓励 Steve，但她的鼓励并不起作用，没有效果。故 B 项正确。【25 题详解】考查副词辨析。A. Luckily 幸运地是；B. Gradually 逐渐地；C. Naturally 自然地；D. S

38、uddenly 突然。有一天，怀特小姐对 Steve 说“我很关心你！”突然，Steve 知道有人在关心着他。根据下文可知，老师的关心让他做出了改变。故 D 项正确。【26 题详解】考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A. study 学习；研究；B. sleep 睡觉；C. cry 哭泣；D. play 玩耍。根据下一段可知，他第一次通过考试，说明他开始认真学习了。本句指他回家以后就去卧室里学习了。故 A 项正确。【27 题详解】12考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. question 问题；B. lesson 课程，教训；C. quiz 测试；D. result 结果。根据下一段“his first t

39、est”可知，老师对学生进行了测试。故 C项正确。【28 题详解】考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A. hurried 匆忙，赶紧； B. lived 生活，居住；C. broke折断，打破；D. saw 看见。根据后句中“was the first to”可知，他是第一个交卷的学生，说明他做题的速度很快。故 A 项正确。【29 题详解】考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. victory 胜利；B. shock 震惊；惊讶；C. sadness 悲伤；难过；D. anger 愤怒。根据第一句“Steve, a 12-year-old boy, has been failing since first g

40、rade.”可知， Steve 一直考试不及格，这次他居然通过了考试，而他之前一直考试不及格。这让怀特小姐很惊讶。故 B 项正确。【30 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. attended 参加；B. designed 设计；C. passed 通过；D. failed 失败。Steve 不仅参加了考试，第一个交卷，而且还通过了考试，所以才会让老师很惊讶。故 C项正确。【31 题详解】考查形容词短语辨析。A. ready for 为做好准备；B. responsible for 对负责；C. tired of 厌倦；D. good at 擅长；从那一刻开始，一切都变了。Steve 发现自己不仅能够学

41、习而且还擅长学习。上下文是递进关系，good at 表示他擅长学习。故 D项正确。【32 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. forced 强迫；B. discouraged 使泄气；阻止；C. met 遇见；D. inspired 鼓舞；激励。后来 Steve 参加了海军，他鼓励了很多不相信自己的人建立了自信。D 项正确。【33 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. put up 张贴；搭建；留宿；B. gave up 放弃；C. ended up以结束，最终；D. took up 占据；从事于；开始做。怀特小姐挽救了一个男孩，后来这个男孩最终改变了很多人的生活。动词短语 end up doing 与横线

42、后的 changing many lives 一致。故 C 项正确。13【34 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. problem 问题；B. change 改变；C. recovery 恢复，康复；D. improvement 提高；改善。老师关心学生，学生的心理发生了改变。这一切就是如此简单。故 B 项正确。【35 题详解】考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A. cares 关心；B. believes 相信；C. understands 理解；D. remembers 记得。根据第 9 空后“Steve! Please! I care about you!”可知，正是因为老师的关心，Steve 才有了很

43、大的变化。故 A 项正确。【点睛】本文小题 4 考查了上下文串联。根据 15 空 “The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just _15_ his first test.”可知，怀特小姐认为 Steve 是最聪明的男孩。所以选择 D 项 smartest。通常来说每篇完形填空都围绕一个主题展开，其结构严谨，上下文互为映衬，前后照应，所以解题时考生不要只局限在句子层面上，而要从段落或整篇文章入手，整体把握文章的内容，结合上下文，寻找答案的线索。例： In the clinic, I asked if Michael could be reteste

44、d, so the specialist tested him again. To my_36_, it was the same score.Later that evening, I_37_told Frank what I had learned that day. After talking it over, we agreed that we knew our_38_much better than an IQ(智商) test. . After the ceremony, we told Michael about the_47_IQ score he got when he wa

45、s six. Since that day, Michael sometimes would look at us and say jokingly,“My dear mom and dad never told me that I couldnt be a doctor, not until after I graduated from medical school!” . We went to the same clinic where he had receive the test eighteen years before. This time Michael scored 126,

46、an increase of 36 points.（重庆卷） 36. A. joy B. surprise C. dislike D. disappointment 37. A. tearfully B. fearfully C. cheerfully D. hopefully 38. A. student B. son C. friend D. doctor 47. A. high B. same C. low D. different 14析：重庆卷的这篇完形填空以第一人称讲述了如何对待孩子的成长问题。开头就提到Michael 的智商测试，随之设置的几个题目都和此有关，可是在本段没有线索。

47、但读到文章最后， “This time Michael scored 126, an increase of 36 points.”，我们茅塞顿开，原来 Michael 是“我们”的儿子（38. B） ，六岁时接受了一次智商测试，分数很低（47. C） ， “我”很失望（36. D） ，所以“我” 眼含泪水告诉丈夫 Frank 测试结果（37. A） 。第二部分：阅读理解（共 20 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 50 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhen youre choosing a college, a lot of factors pr

48、obably may be considered: the schools reputation, the classes offered, and the professors in your major, to name a few. However, considering the increasing competitiveness of universities to attract more and more applicants, many schools now offer extra benefits to be enjoyed by all of their students. Here are some of the coolest:University of MissouriWhen you think of a campus gym, you probably picture a room equipped with old weights and out-of-date machines. However, at the University of Missouri, you can e