2019高考英语基础保分篇第三讲冠词讲与练新人教版.doc

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1、1第三讲 冠词李仕才第一课时 知识过关课读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线黑体部分的冠词用法。Tom，a 1 classmate of mine, is a2 Lei Feng in our class, who is always ready to help others. Henry, whose father is a3 teacher, is considered to be the4 most diligent student in our class, who is the first one to get to school and the5 last one to le

2、ave every day.He believes the harder you study the6 more knowledge youll get. Tom likes watching TV while Henry enjoys listening 2to the7 radio. Both of them are working for the8 Students Union. They are of an9 age and I am a10 year older than they are.We are good friends because we have a11 lot in

3、common. First of all, the three of us were born in the12 1990s. Secondly, we all like playing the13 violin and love sports. We play football twice a14 week even if we are now in Senior Grade Three.Thirdly, we not only respect teachers and the elderly but also care for the15 disabled. For example, we

4、 often go to a village near our school to look after the16 Browns, both of whom were lamed in an accident. I remember that on a17 Saturday afternoon we chatted with the Browns so happily that we didnt go back home until the18_sun set.1.泛指的一个，用不定冠词。2.表示“像一样的人” ，用不定冠词。3.职业身份前，表示类别，用不定冠词。4.形容词最高级前用定冠词。

5、5.序数词前用定冠词。6.构成句式：the more.the more.(越就越)。7.表类属。8.普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词。9.表示“同一” ，用不定冠词。10.表示数量“一” ，用不定冠词。11.构成短语 a lot。12.在逢整数的基数词前表示年代，用定冠词。13.在表示演奏 play 后，西洋乐器名词前，用定冠词。14.表示“每一” ，用不定冠词。15.用在形容词或分词前表示一类人，用定冠词。16.用在姓氏复数前表示某夫妇或一家人，用定冠词。17.表示“某一” ，用不定冠词。18.在独一无二的事物前，用定冠词。3.单句填空(用 a，an 或 the 填空)1.I sat nex

6、t to the man and introduced myself.We had an amazing conversation.2.A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water.The water was sweet.3.Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet.4the head of the village

7、was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.5.Its said that John will be in a job paying over $60, 000 a year.Right, he will also get paid by the week.6.Take your timeits just a short distance from here to the restaurant.7.First impres

8、sions are the most lasting. After all, you never get a second chance to make a first impression.8.We can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.9.This area experienced the heaviest rainfall in the month of May.10.It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.It w

9、as a threehour journey.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1.In China, more and more children are learning to play piano nowadays.在 play后加 the2.There is no doubt that little Tom is a honest boy.aan3.Out of the curiosity, he opened the novel.去掉 Out_of 后的 the4.I didnt have own room till my si

10、ster left for college.在 own 前加 my5.The moment he saw her, he opened arms and hugged her.在 arms 前加 his6.A selfie(自拍照)is a type of selfportrait photograph, typically taken with handheld digital camera or camera phone.在 with 后加 a7.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other st

11、udents wondered what a boy would do.第二个 boy 前的 athe8.70% of students surveyed hold the view that rules can help the public make 4the right choices, and remain safe.在 students 前加 the9.Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in same home？在 same 前加 the10.Karl Marx began to learn English in the fiftie

12、s.thehis.语篇填空(在空格处填入 1 个适当的冠词，使文章结构完整，语意通顺。)Today our school organized all the students to take part in 1._ report at the meeting room in our school.Albert，2._ ordinary man, delivered a speech on how to learn English. Albert，3._ professor in Beijing University, graduated from 4._ English Department

13、of Oxford University in 1985. He said we should form 5._ habit of previewing English, and this would help us to perform well in class. When we study English in class, we must be earnest and active. If so，we can absorb 6._ large amount of knowledge. After class, we should read more English passages,

14、which is important for the English learners. By doing this, we are not only informed what happens in 7._ world，but we can also review 8._ large number of former words. After 9._ period of time, we should also sort out our notes and go over what we have learned. In 10._ word, English isnt difficult t

15、o learn, as long as we do what he told us.【语篇导读】 主要是讲同学们通过听 Albert 教授的讲座，学到了一些学习英语的方法。1.a 泛指，是指一个报告。2.an ordinary 是由元音音标开头，故用 an。an ordinary man“一位普通人” 。3.a 泛指，这里指 Albert 是北京大学的“一名”教授。4.the 由普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词。5.the 受表示特指的 of 短语修饰，form the habit of 意为“养成的习惯” 。6.a 固定搭配 a large amount of 意为“许多” ，与不可数名词连

16、用。7.the 世界上独一无二的事物要用定冠词。8.a 固定搭配 a large number of 意为“许多” ，与可数名词复数连用。9.a a period of 意为“一段时间” 。10.a 固定搭配 in a word 意为“总之” 。第二课时 高考研究课 冠词在语法填空中的考查点5规律方法 1. 位置因素：名词前，有时在形容词前(表示一类人)。2设题特点：该考查点常常以自由填空的形式出现。3语境信息：在确定应该填冠词的前提下，根据语境分析所填冠词的类型。4牢记固定搭配中的冠词。真题验证 11This included digging up the road, laying the

17、track and then building a strong roof over _ top.(2017全国卷)答案 the top 是名词，前面要用冠词，此处特指在挖的路的上面，所以用定冠词 the。2As _ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.(2017全国卷)答案 a as a result 因此，为固定搭配。3But unlike her school friends，16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm resti

18、ng. Instead，she is earning 6，500 a day as _ model in New York.(2017全国卷)答案 a 此处句意为“作为纽约的一名模特” ，在单数可数名词 model 前应该使用不定冠词 a，表示“一，一名” 。4For Pahlsson, its return was _ wonder.(2017浙江卷)答案 a 此处 wonder 为可数名词，表示“奇迹，奇事” ，此处为泛指，故要用不定冠词a。5Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while, exercisin

19、g, or doing something you enjoy.(2016全国卷)答案 a 短语搭配 for a while 意为：一会儿。6The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，_ other is with mumshe never suspects. (2016全国卷)答案 the one.the other.意为：一个；另外一个。7. _ prize for the winner of the competition is a t

20、woweek holiday in Paris.(2016浙江卷改编)答案 The 名词 prize 后有限制性定语，故应使用 the 表示特指。68. Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned _ farm, which looked almost abandoned.(2015广东卷)答案 a 由语境可知此处表示泛指 “一座农场” 。9Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be _ Beethoven. (2015四川卷改编)

21、答案 a 由语境可知此处表示泛指，a Beethoven 意为“一个和贝多芬才华相当的人” 。10. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern of architects and engineers.(2015全国卷)答案 the 由 most 可知此处应该填 the，表示最高级。 冠词在短文改错中的考查点规律方法 1定位分析：名词前是否应该有冠词填上必要冠词；删掉多余冠词。2语境分析：名词前冠词是否正确误用冠

22、词改正。真题验证 21They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.(2017全国卷)_答案 第二句 about 后的 aan/one hour 以元音音素开头，且是可数名词，所以表示一个小时用 an/one hour。2I still remember how hard first day was.(2017全国卷)_答案 hard 后面加 the/my 此处特指我学习开车的第一天，所以在 first day 前面加the/my。3Around

23、me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.(2017全国卷)_答案 在 picture 之前加 the 或 this 此处特指作者提到的这张照片，故在名词前加定冠词 the 或指示代词 this。4. My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.(2016全国卷)_答案 thea a sh

24、ort period of time 意为：一段短暂的时间；此处使用不定冠词表7示泛指。5But in that case, we will learn little about world.(2016全国卷)_答案 world 前加 the world 前面常常加定冠词表示“全世界” 。6. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.(2016全国卷)_答案 去掉 the 短语搭配 at first 意为：最初。7One day, little Tony went to a sho

25、pping center with his parents. A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop. (2015全国卷)_答案 outside 后的 athe 此处 shop 为第二次出现，故使用定冠词表示特指。8. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.(2015浙江卷)_答案 hurry 前加 a 短语 in a hurry 意为：急忙；匆忙。9As result, the plants are growing ev

26、erywhere.(全国卷)_答案 As 后加 a 短语搭配 as a result 意为：结果。10That day I didnt learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity！(陕西卷)_答案 aan impressive lesson 为元音音素开头，故使用 an。第三课时 写作增分课 冠词在写作中的增分点一、遇到名词要考虑前面冠词是特指还是类指1水对于我们生活很重要，因此我们要尽我们最大的努力来阻止它被污染。(be important to, do

27、our best, prevent. from, pollute)Water_is_important_to_our_life,_so_we_must_do_our_best_to_prevent_it_from_being_polluted.2我的家乡附近那条河里的水已经被严重污染。我们要求政府尽早采取适当的措施来保护它。(be polluted seriously, demand, the government, take appropriate measures, as soon as)The_water_in_the_river_near_my_hometown_has_been_po

28、lluted_seriously.We_demand_the_government_take_appropriate_measures_to_protect_it_as_soon_as_possible.83都说老师们过着简朴的生活，但我认为当老师很有意义。(be said to, live a simple life, be a teacher, meaningful)Teachers_are_said_to_live_a_simple_life,_but_I_think_being_a_teacher_is_meaningful.4计算机在我们生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。(compute

29、r, play a part/role in)The_computer_plays_a_more_and_more_important_part/role_in_our_life或 Computers play_a_more_and_more_important_part/role_in_our_life.5中午的时候在没有任何保护措施的情况下直视太阳对我们的眼睛有害。(be harmful to, look straight at, without any protection)It_is_harmful_to_our_eyes_to_look_straight_at_the_sun_wit

30、hout_any_protection_at_noon.二、活用不定冠词 a，an1就在那时，有一个七岁的小女孩正步行穿越马路。(there be, walk across)Just_then,_there_was_a_sevenyearold_girl_walking across the street.2要学好英语，一本好的词典是必需的。(dictionary, a must)To_learn_English_well,_a_good_dictionary_is_a_must.三、掌握好名词前用 the 的各种情况1会议将于周四下午三点到四点在位于 3 号楼四楼的 402 房间举行。(be

31、 held)The_meeting_will_be_held_in_Room_402_on_the_fourth_floor_of_Building_3_from_3_pm_to_4_pm_on_Thursday_afternoon.2她的歌曲在年轻人和老年人中都很受欢迎。(be popular with, as well as)Her_songs_are_very_popular_with_the_young_as_well_as_the_old.3那座庙建于清代，已经有七百多年的历史了。它在 20 世纪 90 年代由政府出资修缮过。(build, dynasty, the temple,

32、a history of, restore, government, at ones expense)Built_in_the_Qing_dynasty,_the_temple_has_a_history_of_700_years._It_was_restored_at_the_governments_expense_in_the_1990s.4他拉住我的手说：“你帮助我，我真的很感激。 ”(take sb by, be grateful to sb for, help out)He_took_me_by_the_hand_and_said,_“Im_really_grateful_to_you_for9_helping_me_out.”