黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学2019届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）.doc

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1、- 1 -牡一中 2016 级高三上学期期末考试英语试题本试卷分第 I 卷和第 II 卷两部分，满分 150 分，考试时间 120 分钟第 I 卷（选择题，共 90 分）第一部分英语知识运用单项填空(共 20 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 20 分)1.Take your timeits just _ short distance from here to _ restaurant.A. 不填；the B. 不填；aC. the; a D. a; the【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查冠词。句意：慢慢来，从这儿到那个饭店只是很短的一段距离。表示泛指用 a/an；表示特指用 the。a shor

2、t distance 泛指“一段距离” ；特指双方都知道的那个饭店，用 the。故 D 选项正确。2. Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to use B. used C. using D. use【答案】B【解析】本题考察非谓语动词。根据句子结构，所填成分是对主句的补充说明，因此只能是作状语。再根据非谓作状主语应与主句一致原则，判断出 use 与主语 time 之间为被动，因此直接得出答案 B。句意：时间，如果使用得当的话，就是存在银行里的钱。3. Only after Mary read her composition the secon

3、d time_the spelling mistake.(2012天津，6)A. did she notice B. she noticedC. does she notice D. she has noticed【答案】A【解析】- 2 -试题分析：考查 only 放句首，引导状语从句，主句部分要用到部分倒装。根据语境理解，此句子应该用到过去时态，将助动词 did 倒装放前面。句子译为当玛丽第二次读她的作文时，她才注意到拼写错误。故选 A。考点：考查部分倒装4.Unless a heart operation is carried out, his chance of _ is slight

4、, since it is the third time that he has suffered a severe heart attack.A. championship B. survivalC. scholarship D. approval【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。A. championship 冠军；B. survival 生存；C. scholarship 奖学金；D. approval 批准。句意：除非做心脏手术，否则他活下来的机会很小，因为这已经是他第三次心脏病发作了。故 B 选项正确。5.If you are invited to any special oc

5、casion such as a wedding or a celebration, you will have to be _ dressed.A. attractively B. controversiallyC. conventionally D. appropriately【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查副词辨析。A. attractively 吸引人地；B. controversially 有争议地；C. conventionally 传统地；D. appropriately 合适地。句意：如果你被邀请参加婚礼或庆典等特殊场合，你必须穿着得体。故 D 选项正确。6.By sending

6、 text message or chatting online, we have been in touch for months, but I have never met my new friend _.A. by accident B. on purposeC. in the flesh D. in her absence【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查介词短语。By accident 偶然地；on purpose 故意地；in the flesh 本人，亲自；in her absence 在某人不在时。句意：通过短信或网上聊天，我们联系了很长一段- 3 -时间，便从来没有见过他本人。

7、根据句意可知选 C 项。考点 : 考查介词短语7.The population of China is larger than _ of the United States.A. this B. thatC. these D. those【答案】B【解析】考察代词用法。That 指代不可数名词或者可数名词单数，后面有定语修饰，表示特指。本句的 that 指代 population; those 指代可数名词复数形式，后面也有定语修饰，表示特指。8.Although the ring is not made of real diamonds, its shape and design still

8、 _ many young girls.A. appeal to B. fit forC. attend to D. apply for【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：尽管这个戒指不是用真的钻石做成的，但是它的形状和设计依然吸引了许多年轻的女孩。appeal to 对有吸引力；fit for 适合；attend to 处理；apply for 申请，选 A。考点：考查词组辨析9.With my money _, I went back home.A. ran out of B. ran outC. running out D. running out of【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查 w

9、ith 复合结构，句意：我的钱用完了，我就回家了。With 复合结构在这里做原因状语，with+宾语+宾语补足语（非谓语动词） ，所以排除 AB 项，run out of 是及物动词，后面要接宾语，否则是被动语态，排除 D，Run out 是不及物动词，不能用被动式， 选C。考点：考查 with 复合结构10.There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was an only - 4 -child.A. ever since B. now thatC. even though D. as though【答案】C【解析】【详解】

10、考查连词辨析。A. ever since 自从以来； B. now that 既然，由于；C. even though 尽管，即使；D. as though 好像。句意：凯特从来没有感到孤独的时候，即使她是独生子女。故 C 选项正确。11.It took the ambulance about ten minutes to get to the _ of the accident and the injured were sent to the hospital very quickly.A. scene B. sceneryC. picture D. view【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名

11、词辨析。A. scene 现场；B. scenery 风景；C. picture 图片；D. view 观点。句意：救护车花了大约十分钟到达事故现场，伤者很快被送往医院。故 A 选项正确。12.Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future .A. purpose B. reference C. progress D. memory【答案】B【解析】试题分析：名词辨析。A 目的；B 参考；C 进步；D 记忆；句意：你最好把这些餐厅的电话号码记下来为了以后参考使用。故 B 正确。考点：考查名词辨析点评：名

12、词的词义辨析要根据上下文的已经进行，要注意名词的一些固定搭配。13.“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with _ clearly in her voice.A. anger B. rudenessC. regret D. panic【答案】D【解析】- 5 -试题分析：D；考查名词辨析。A.anger 生气 B.rudeness 粗鲁 C.regret 后悔 D.panic 惊慌 句意：“汤姆，快跑，房子着火了！”母亲大声喊道，声音明显带着惊慌。根据句意，选D。D；考查名词辨析14. Teach

13、ers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _A. consequence B. independenceC. competence D. intelligence【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查名词辨析。句意：老师们要不断地更新自己的知识以保持他们能够胜任工作的能力。A. consequence 结果 B. independence 独立 C. competence 资格；能力；胜任，称职 D. intelligence 智力，根据句意所以选 C。考点：考查名词辨析

14、15. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _ like coal, gas and oil.A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products【答案】A【解析】该题考查考生对题干中句子含义的理解以及对选项中名词含义的理解。由题干中的”coal, gas, oil”可知都是燃料，故正确答案为 A。B 项为“物品” C 项为“货物，商品”D 项为“产品” 。16. He didnt selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle.

15、Instead, he made a _ contribution to help the community.A. commercial B. generous C. comparable D. profitable【答案】B【解析】句意：他毫不自私地把自己从他叔叔那里继承的那笔钱作为已有，向社会作出慷慨的捐献。commercial“商业的；贸易的；营利的” ；generous“慷慨的，大方的” ；comparable“比较的；比得上的” ；profitable“有利可图的，有益的” 。【考点定位】考查形容词的意义。- 6 -17.Nowadays, there is a increase

16、in childrens creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.A. sharp B. slightC. natural D. modest【答案】A【解析】A【命题动向】考查形容诃辨析。解析一：根据句中的 greatly encouraged 可知孩子们的活动有了急剧的增长，故答案为 A。本句的意思是：现在，孩子们的活动急剧增多，因为他们被大大地鼓励开发他们的天赋。sharp 意为“突然的；急剧的” ；slight 意为“轻微的” ；natural 意为“自然的” ；modest意为“谦虚的；

17、不太大的；不错的” 。解析二：考查形容词。根据“他们被极大地鼓励去发展他们的天赋”可以判断孩子们的创造力应该是“急剧地上升” ，故选 A“急剧的” ；B 为“轻微的” ；C 为“天然的，天生的” ；D 为“适中的” 。18. The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.A. treatedB. were treatedC. would treatD. would be treated【答案】B【解析】考查时态和语态的用法。The guests 与 treat 之间是被动的关系，并且动作

18、已经发生，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。19.It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money _ favors to them.A. in preference to B. in place ofC. in agreement with D. in exchange for【答案】D【解析】- 7 -试题分析：A. in preference to 优先于；B. in place of 代替；C. in agreement with 同意，与一致；D. in exchange for 作为的交换。句意：对于

19、公务人员来说向人们索取礼物或钱来作为帮忙的交换是非法的。根据句意选 D.考点：考查短语辨析。20.It was the belief _ he could find his “root” in Africa _ made Alex Haley decide to go to Gambia.A. that; where B. where; thatC. that; that D. how; which【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查连词辨析。根据句子结构及成分可知，本句主干是强调句型：It is +被强调部分+that +其它部分；第一空处引导 belief 的同位语从句，从句成分齐全，应使用只起

20、连接作用的代词 that 引导；第二空处则应是强调句中的 that。句意：是 Alex Haley 能在非洲找到他的根的想法使他决定去赞比亚。故 C 选项正确。【点睛】强调句型：It is (was) 被强调部分+that (who) + 其它部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语和状语。强调句的连词只有两个，that 和 who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 who，其余用 that。原句： My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主语： It was my father who did the ex

21、periment in the lab yesterday evening.强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用 when)强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节；满分 40 分）

22、第一节（共 15 小题； 每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A- 8 -Around three forty-five on a rainy Saturday morning, I was woken up by the sound of my pager(呼机) beeping. As a volunteer firefighter and emergency medical technician, I can never count on a full night of sleep. I pul

23、led myself out of bed and went toward the desk to grab my radio. Our crew was being sent to a nearby home where a man was in cardiac arrest (心脏骤停). We found the man lying on the kitchen floor with his wife beside him. We rushed the patient to the hospital, but despite our efforts, we were unable to

24、save his life.In my line of life, I rarely get any recognition from the patients we treat, or from their loved ones. But that night, a mans wife approached us, and through her tears, whispered, “Thank you.” Then she hugged each of us. She knew we answered her late-night call for help, even though th

25、e ending was not positive.There is something deeply rewarding about helping people in these circumstances. Sometimes, Im able to make their worst day a bit better: like seeing the tears of an injured child turn into a smile when I gave him an interesting toy; or watching a terrified mothers screams

26、turn into tears of joy when she realized her baby was going to be fine.Experiences like these allow me to see the impact my work has on others. At the same time, I also know the effect it has had on my own life. As a teenager, I felt awkward when my dad hugged me and said, “ I love you, my dear son.

27、” I was equally uncomfortable and responded, “I love you.” But then I imagined him lying on the kitchen floor that rainy night and realized that my opportunity to say those three words couldat any momentbe taken away forever. Now, I extremely treasure the moment when my father says those three words

28、 to me. Ive learned to appreciate every relationship I have, to tell people I care about them, and to never take anything in life for granted.21. On that rainy Saturday morning, the author was woken to _.A. meet his father for the last time B. put out a really big fireC. save a mans life D. do a sci

29、entific experiment22. The author mentioned the injured child and the terrified mother to show - 9 -that_.A. Life was not always pleasantB. His help could bring people happinessC. He saved a lot of peopleD. They were very grateful to him23. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to _.A. a rai

30、ny Saturday morning B. special loveC. others recognition D. the authors work24. According to this passage, we know that _.A. The authors work greatly influenced himB. The authors father died several years agoC. The author regretted treating his patients badlyD. The author never treasured every relat

31、ion with others【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A【解析】试题分析：本文讲述的是作者做着救死扶伤的工作，经历使作者意识到自己的工作对别人的影响；同时也看到对自己生活的影响。【21 题详解】C 细节理解题。根据第一段第四、六句 Our crew was being sent to a nearby home where a man was in cardiac arrest (心脏骤停).我们一群人正在被派到附近的一个家里，在那里有一个男子心脏骤停。 but despite our efforts, we were unable to save his life

32、.但是尽管我们的努力，我们也没能救他的命。故选 C。【22 题详解】B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 Im able to make their worst day a bit better: like seeing the tears of an injured child turn into a smile when I gave him an interesting toy; or watching a terrified mothers screams turn into tears of joy when she realized her baby was going to be fi

33、ne.我能使他们最糟糕的一天更好一点：让一个受伤的孩子微笑；让感到害怕的妈妈的尖叫变成幸福的泪水。故选 B。【23 题详解】D 词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句 Experiences like these allow me to see the impact - 10 -my work has on others. At the same time, I also know the effectithas had on my own life.像这些经历使我看到我的工作对其他人的影响；同时，我的工作对我自己生活的影响。因此可知 it 在这里指“我的工作” 。故选 D。【24 题详解】A 推理判断

34、题。根据第四段第一句 Experiences like these allow me to see the impact my work has on others. At the same time, I also know the effectithas had on my own life. 像这些经历使我看到我的工作对其他人的影响；同时，我的工作对我自己生活的影响。可知作者的工作真的影响了他。故选 A。考点：考查人生百态类阅读BHOLLAND Pregnant or breastfeeding; Allergic to Valerian or - 12 -any of the exci

35、pients (辅药)in this product; Already taking a medicine for sleep or anxiety（如果是以下情况，请勿服用：18 岁以下；怀孕或哺乳期内；对缬草或本产品中的任何辅料过敏；已经吃了安眠药或焦虑症的药了）可推知，本产品特别适合有睡眠问题的老年人使用。故 D 选项正确。【26 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中的 Mild anxietyTake 1 capsule 3 times daily.（轻度焦虑每日 3 次、每次 1 个胶囊）可知，如果你想减轻焦虑，每天应该吃 3 个胶囊。故 C 选项正确。【27 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章

36、中的 As the effects of this product may not occur immediately, the capsule should be taken continuously for 2-4 weeks.（由于本品可能不会立即产生效果，故胶囊应连续服用 2-4 周）可知，本品至少要连续服用半个月才有效果。故 B 选项正确。【点睛】阅读理解所设试题主要考察细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题支和原文的异同，常犯错误有：绝对化语言，范围扩大或缩小，以偏概全，张冠李戴等。考生首先要浏览短文后的小题题干，标出关键词（组） ，带着问题去阅读，能够做到心中有数，目的明

37、确；然后再仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握细节信息，并在标出能得出答案的有效信息。如第 3 小题 How long should this product be taken continuously at least before its effects occur?要求我们判断出“这个产品至少要持续服用多长时间才会产生效果?” ，我们根据题干中的关键信息 how long 及 effects occur，查找到文章中的As the effects of this product may not occur immediately, the capsule should be taken

38、continuously for 2-4 weeks.（由于本品可能不会立即产生效果，故胶囊应连续服用 2-4 周） ，由此断定本品至少要连续服用半个月才有效果。故 B 选项正确。CBelieve it or not, the size of the human brain has become smaller over the past 20,000 years. Scientists argue over whether this means we are becoming more or less intelligent as a species.“Id call that a majo

39、r downsizing in an evolutionary eye blink (眨眼),” John Hawks told Discover magazine.Why is the brain becoming smaller?- 13 -There are different theories to explain it. One is that tens of thousands of years ago, before the decline began, to survive in cold and dangerous conditions, humans needed a st

40、ronger and larger body and therefore, a larger head. Also they had to chew the tough meat of rabbits, foxes and horses. As conditions improved, the brain stopped growing, according to supporters of this theory.Another theory comes from a recent study by David Geary and Drew Bailey. They found that b

41、rain size decreased as population density(密度) increased.“As complex societies appeared, the brain became smaller because people did not have to be as smart to stay alive.” Geary told AFP.But smaller brain size does not necessarily mean that modern humans are less smart than their ancestors. “Modern

42、humans simply developed different, more complex forms of intelligence,” said Brian Hare.Hares studies focus on two types of great apes: chimpanzees and bonobos. Both are much like humans, but are physically quite different from one another. The bonobo has a smaller brain than the chimpanzee, and is

43、also much less aggressive and more tolerant.“When it comes to working out a problem,” Hare said, “chimpanzees are much less likely to accomplish it if it involves working together. Not so with bonobos.”The smaller brain in modern humans may be evidence that we can cooperate,” Hare told the US Nation

44、al Public Radio.28. Which of the following words can be used to replace the underlined word in Paragraph 2?A. speed B. increaseC. decline D. change29. We can learn from the passage that _.A. the size of human brain has something to do with many factorsB. the brain size increases because of the incre

45、ase of population densityC. the abilities of the bonobos and the chimpanzees are almost the same- 14 -D. modern humans can certainly do teamwork better than other species30. According to Brian Hare, _.A. bonobos are much likely to cooperate better than chimpanzeesB. chimpanzees tend to work well wit

46、h othersC. modern humans are less smart their ancestorsD. small brains are certainly connected with intelligent beings31. Which of following is probably the best title of the passage?A. Bonobo or ChimpanzeeWhich Smarter?B. Smaller Brain-Less Intelligent?C. Human and AnimalMore Intelligent?D. Human B

47、rain-Why Downsizing?【答案】28. C 29. A 30. A 31. B【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。在过去的 2 万年里，人类大脑的体积变小了。这是否意味着我们作为一个物种正变得越来越聪明呢？科学家们对此争论不休。【28 题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文 the size of the human brain has become smaller over the past 20,000 years（在过去的 2 万年里，人类大脑的体积变小了）及构词法 down（往下，向下）size（大小）可推知，downsize 意为“缩小尺寸” 。A. speed 加速；B. incr

48、ease 增加；C. decline 衰退；D. change 改变。故 C 选项正确。【29 题详解】细节理解题。根据第四、五、六段的描述可知，人类大脑的大小与许多因素有关。故 A 选项正确。【30 题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 Hare said, “chimpanzees are much less likely to accomplish it if it involves working together. Not so with bonobos.”（如果黑猩猩需要合作，它们完成任务的可能性就小得多。倭黑猩猩就不一样了）可推知，倭黑猩猩比黑猩猩更容易合作。故 A 选项正确。

49、【31 题详解】- 15 -标题判断题。文章主要介绍了在过去的 2 万年里，人类大脑的体积变小了。科学家们对这是否意味着我们作为一个物种正变得越来越聪明的持不同看法。B 项“大脑越小越不聪明?”适合做本文最佳标题。故 B 选项正确。【点睛】依据逻辑推理猜测词义：运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。如第 1 小题，要求我们猜测 downsizing 的意思。我们根据上文 the size of the human brain ha